Pharmacokinetic considerations for the use of levodopa in the treatment of parkinson disease: Focus on levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone for treatment of levodopa-associated motor complications

Clinical Neuropharmacology

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 84-91

  Müller, Thomas ^a  

^a St Joseph Hospital Berlin Weissensee   (Germany)

Author keywords

entacapone; levodopa; levodopa carbidopa entacapone; motor complications; Parkinson disease; pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

CARBIDOPA; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE; DOPA DECARBOXYLASE INHIBITOR; ENTACAPONE; LEVODOPA; TOLCAPONE;

DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DYSKINESIA; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY; HUMAN; LOCOMOTION; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REPEATED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUSTAINED RELEASE FORMULATION; TIME TO MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS; CARBIDOPA; CATECHOLS; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; DRUG COMBINATIONS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; DYSKINESIA, DRUG-INDUCED; HUMANS; LEVODOPA; NITRILES; PARKINSON DISEASE;

EID: 84878855779     PISSN: 03625664     EISSN: 1537162X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WNF.0b013e31828f3385     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Oertel WH, Berardelli A, Bloem BR, et al. in European Handbook of Neurological Management Vol. 1 (eds Nils Erik Gilhus, Michael R. Barnes, & Michael Brainin) Ch. 14, 584 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010).
2. Fahn S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, et al. Levodopa and the progression of Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2498-2508.
3. Birkmayer W, Hornykiewicz O. [The L-3,4-dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-effect in Parkinson-akinesia.]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1961;73:787-788.
4. Antonini A, Abbruzzese G, Barone P, et al. COMT inhibition with tolcapone in the treatment algorithm of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD): relevance for motor and non-motor features. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2008;4:1-9.
5. Stocchi F. The concept of continuous dopaminergic stimulation: what we should consider when starting Parkinson's disease treatment. Neurodegener Dis 2010;7:213-215.
6. Ingman K, Naukkarinen T, Vahteristo M, et al. The effect of different dosing regimens of levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone on plasma levodopa concentrations. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012;68:281-289.
7. Reichmann H, Emre M. Optimizing levodopa therapy to treat wearing-off symptoms in Parkinson's disease: focus on levodopa/ carbidopa/entacapone. Expert Rev Neurother 2012;12:119-131.
8. Haapaniemi H, Reinikainen K, Leinonen M, et al. Tolerability and safety of entacapone in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2001;7:S57.
9. Grandas F, Martinez-Martin P, Linazasoro G. Quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease who transfer from standard levodopa to Sinemet CR: the STAR Study. The STAR Multicenter Study Group. J Neurol 1998;245(Suppl 1):S31-S33.
10. Grosset D, Antonini A, Canesi M, et al. Adherence to antiparkinson medication in a multicenter European study. Mov Disord 2009;24:826-832.
11. Orion Pharma. Stalevo Summary of Product Characteristics. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document-library/EPAR-Product-Information/ human/000511/WC500057485.pdf. Accessed March 12, 2012.
12. Ahlskog JE, Muenter MD. Frequency of levodopa-related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature. Mov Disord 2001;16:448-458.
13. Muller T, Russ H. Levodopa, motor fluctuations and dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006;7:1715-1730.
14. Riederer P, Gerlach M, Muller T, et al. Relating mode of action to clinical practice: dopaminergic agents in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007;13:466-479.
15. Olanow CW, Obeso JA. Pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors and levodopa-induced motor complications in Parkinson's disease: implications for the early use of COMT inhibitors. Neurology 2000;55:S72-S77; discussion S78-81.
16. Witjas T, Kaphan E, Azulay JP, et al. Nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: frequent and disabling. Neurology 2002;59:408-413.
17. Nyholm D. Pharmacokinetic optimisation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: an update. Clin Pharmacokinet 2006;45:109-136.
18. Stocchi F, Rascol O, Kieburtz K, et al. Initiating levodopa/carbidopa therapy with and without entacapone in early Parkinson disease: the STRIDE-PD study. Ann Neurol 2010;68:18-27.
19. Tolosa ES, Martin WE, Cohen HP, et al. Patterns of clinical response and plasma dopa levels in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1975;25:177-183.
20. Contin M, Martinelli P. Pharmacokinetics of levodopa. J Neurol 2010;257:S253-S261.
21. Contin M, Riva R, Albani F, et al. Pharmacokinetic optimisation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996;30:463-481.
22. Dupont E, Andersen A, Boas J, et al. Sustained-release Madopar HBS compared with standard Madopar in the long-term treatment of de novo parkinsonian patients. Acta Neurol Scand 1996;93:14-20.
23. Block G, Liss C, Reines S, et al. Comparison of immediate-release and controlled release carbidopa/levodopa in Parkinson's disease. A multicenter 5-year study. The CR First Study Group. Eur Neurol 1997;37:23-27.
24. Nyholm D. Enteral levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion for the treatment of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2006;6:1403-1411.
25. Nyholm D, Askmark H, Gomes-Trolin C, et al. Optimizing levodopa pharmacokinetics: intestinal infusion versus oral sustained-release tablets. Clin Neuropharmacol 2003;26:156-163.
26. Meiler B, Andrich J, Muller T. Rapid switch from oral antiparkinsonian combination drug therapy to duodenal levodopa infusion. Mov Disord 2008;23:145-146.
27. Nutt JG, et al. Effect of peripheral catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa in parkinsonian patients. Neurology 1994;44:913-919.
28. Keränen T, et al. The effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition by entacapone on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of levodopa in healthy volunteers. Clin Neuropharmacol 1993;16:145-156.
29. Kuoppamäki M, et al. Comparison of pharmacokinetic profile of levodopa throughout the day between levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone and levodopa/carbidopa when administered four- or five-times daily. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009;65:443-455.
30. Muller T, et al. Inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase contributes to more stable levodopa plasma levels. Mov Disord 2006;21:332-336.
31. Muller T, et al. Pharmacokinetic behaviour of levodopa and 3-O-methyldopa after repeat administration of levodopa/carbidopa with and without entacapone in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm 2006;113:1441-1448.
32. Muller T,Woitalla D, Muhlack S. Inhibition of catechol-O- methyltransferase modifies acute homocysteine rise during repeated levodopa application in patients with Parkinson's disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011;383:627-633.
33. Rinne UK, Larsen JP, Siden A, et al. Entacapone enhances the response to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with motor fluctuations. NOMECOMT Study Group. Neurology 1998;51:1309-1314.
34. Poewe WH, Deuschl G, Gordin A, et al. Efficacy and safety of entacapone in Parkinson's disease patients with suboptimal levodopa response: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study in Germany and Austria (Celomen study). Acta Neurol Scand 2002;105:245-255.
35. Brooks DJ, Sagar H. Entacapone is beneficial in both fluctuating and non-fluctuating patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, six month study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:1071-1079.
36. Parkinson Study Group. Entacapone improves motor fluctuations in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients. Ann Neurol 1997;42:747-755.
37. Tomlinson CL, et al. Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010;25:2649-2653.
38. Muller T, Ander L, Woitalla KD, et al. Comparison of 200 mg retarded release levodopa/carbidopaVwith 150 mg levodopa/carbidopa/ entacapone application: pharmacokinetics and efficacy in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm 2007;114:1457-1462.
39. Kuoppamäki M, et al. Night-time bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa/ entacapone is higher compared with controlled-release levodopa/ carbidopa. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010;48:756-760.