Alfred Werner: A forerunner to modern inorganic chemistry

Angewandte Chemie - International Edition

Volumn 52, Issue 24, 2013, Pages 6146-6153

  Werner, Helmut ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

chirality; coordination modes; history of chemistry; Werner, Alfred

Indexed keywords

CO-ORDINATION CHEMISTRIES; COORDINATION MODES; HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY; INORGANIC CHEMISTRY; NOBEL PRIZES; WERNER, ALFRED;

BIOGRAPHIES; CHIRALITY; COORDINATION REACTIONS; INORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

STEREOCHEMISTRY;

EID: 84878691438     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: 15213773     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208389     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. L. Horner, Helv. Chim. Acta 1967, 50, Supplement 1, 93-116.
2. "Über die räumliche Anordnung der Atome in stickstoffhaltigen Molekülen" (On the Spatial Orientation of Atoms in Nitrogen-Containing Molecules):, A. Hantzsch, A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1890, 23, 11-30
3. "Bemerkungen über stereochemisch isomere Stickstoffverbindungen" (Comments on Stereochemically Isomeric Nitrogen Compounds):, A. Hantzsch, A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1890, 23, 1243-1253
4. "Über ein zweites Benzoinoxim"(On a Second Benzoin Oxime):, A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1890, 23, 2333-2236
5. "Über zwei stereochemisch isomere Derivate des Furfuraldoxims" (On Two Stereochemically Isomeric Derivatives of Furfural Oxime):, A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1890, 23, 2336-2339.
6. A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1911, 44, 873-882
7. pages 68-72 in, A. Werner, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1912, 386, 1-272.
8. G. B. Kauffman, J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 155-156.
9. P. Karrer, Helv. Chim. Acta 1920, 3, 196-224
10. Facsimilae:, P. Karrer, Helv. Chim. Acta 1967, 50, Supplement 1, 7-23.
11. G. B. Kauffman, Alfred Werner-Founder of Coordination Chemistry, Springer, Berlin, 1966.
12. "150 Jahre Chemie an der Universität Zürich":, C. H. Eugster, Chimia 1983, 37, 194-237.
13. K.-H. Ernst, F. R. W. P. Wild, O. Bracque, H. Berke, Angew. Chem. 2011, 123, 10970-10977
14. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 10780-10787.
15. Ref. [8], p. 16.
16. E. Berl, J. Chem. Educ. 1942, 19, 153-154.
17. Ref. [8], p. 21.
18. A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1892, 25, 27-48
19. A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1893, 26, 1561-1567.
20. Ref. [8], p. 23.
21. Ref. [8], pp. 77-80.
22. Ref. [6], pp. 10-11.
23. A. Werner, Z. anorg. Chem. 1893, 3, 267-330.
24. G. Schwarzenbach, Helv. Chim. Acta 1967, 50, Supplement 1, 38-63.
25. L. H. Gade, Chem. Unserer Zeit 2002, 36, 168-175.
26. P. Pfeiffer, J. Chem. Educ. 1928, 5, 1090-1098.
27. G. B. Kauffman, J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 521-527.
28. S. M. Jörgensen, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1894, 5, 147-196.
29. Ref. [8], p. 30.
30. Nobel Lecture held December 11, 1913 in Stockholm; see:, A. Werner, Helv. Chim. Acta 1967, 50, Supplement 1, 24-35.
31. E. Fremy, Ann. Chim. Phys. 1852, 35, 257-311
32. E. Fremy, J. Prakt. Chem. 1852, 57, 81-106.
33. L. H. Gade, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2012, 638, 247-248.
34. [27] The structure of the octahedral complexes drawn by Werner follow the ideas of van't Hoff and Le Bel about the stereochemistry of the tetracoordinated carbon atom.
35. S. M. Jörgensen, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1894, 7, 289-330.
36. A. Werner, A. Miolati, Z. Phys. Chem. 1893, 12, 35-55
37. A. Werner, A. Miolati, Z. Phys. Chem. 1894, 14, 506-521.
38. A. Werner, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1895, 8, 153-188.
39. A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1907, 40, 4817-4825.
40. In a later publication (, S. M. Jörgensen, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1899, 19, 109-157), Jørgensen denied any insulting intention of his statement.
41. F. A. Cotton, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2000, 1961-1968
42. B. Spingler, M. Scavany-Grigorieff, A. Werner, H. Berke, S. J. Lippard, Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 1065-1066
43. E. Meggers, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2011, 2911-2926.
44. Ref. [12], p. 10972.
45. A. Werner, A. Vilmos, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1899, 21, 145-158.
46. 2+ via the diastereomeric (+)-bromocamphersulfonates. The separation was achieved without problems and the racemization, which Werner initially was afraid of, did not occur:, A. Werner, V. L. King, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1911, 44, 1887-1898.
47. A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1914, 47, 3087-3094.
48. The special irony of this result is that the racemate of the tetranuclear complex was first prepared by Jørgensen:, S. M. Jørgensen, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1898, 16, 184-197.
49. See: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel-prizes/chemistry/laureates/1913/.
50. A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1905, 38, 914-921
51. A. Werner, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1905, 38, 2022-2027.
52. See also:, G. B. Kauffman, Bull. Hist. Chem. 1997, 20, 50.
53. U. Wannagat, Chem. Unserer Zeit 1967, 1, 24-27.
54. G. N. Lewis, Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules, The Chemical Catalog Company, New York, 1923.
55. J. C. Bailar, Helv. Chim. Acta 1967, 50, Supplement 1, 82-92.