Mathematical description for the measurement and verification of energy efficiency improvement

Applied Energy

Volumn 111, Issue , 2013, Pages 247-256

  Xia, Xiaohua ^a   Zhang, Jiangfeng ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Energy efficiency; Measurement and verification; Modeling

Indexed keywords

LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS; MODELS; OPTIMAL CONTROL SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION;

CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS; ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS; MATHEMATICAL DEFINITIONS; MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTIONS; MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION; OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEM; PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS; PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT;

ENERGY EFFICIENCY;

ENERGY CONSERVATION; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; MEASUREMENT METHOD; NUMERICAL MODEL;

EID: 84878510142     PISSN: 03062619     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.063     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Efficiency valuation organization. International performance measurement and verification protocol. vol. I, 2007. vol. II, 2002. vol. III, 2006. http://www.evo-world.org.
2. Department of Energy (USA). M&V guidelines: measurement and verification for federal energy projects. Version 2.2; 2002. http://www.eren.doe.gov/femp.
3. American society of heating, refrigeration and air conditioning engineers. Measurement of energy and demand savings, guideline 14-2002. Atlanta: ASHRAE; 2002.
4. ESKOM, The measurement and verification guideline for demand-side management projects. Version 5; 2006.
5. Australian energy performance contracting association. A best practice guide to measurement and verification of energy savings. Commonwealth of Australia; 2004.
6. Dalgleish A.Z., Grobler L.J. Measurement and verification of a motor sequencing controller on a conveyor belt. Energy 2003, 28:913-927.
7. Kissock J.K., Eger C. Measuring industrial energy savings. Appl Energy 2008, 85:347-361.
8. Reichl J., Kollmann A. The baseline in bottom-up energy efficiency and saving calculations - a concept for its formalisation and a discussion of relevant options. Appl Energy 2011, 88:422-431.
9. Moser S., Leutgob K., Reichl J., Kollmann A. Making the rules of bottom-up energy savings comparable. Therm Sci 2012, 16:687-702.
10. Reddy T.A., Kissock J.K., Ruch D.K. Uncertainty in baseline regression modeling and in determination of retrofit savings. ASME J Solar Energy Eng 1998, 120:185-192.
11. Reddy T.A., Haberl J.S., Elleson J.S. Engineering uncertainty analysis in the evaluation of energy and cost savings of cooling system alternatives based on field-monitored data. ASHRAE Trans 1999, 105:1047-1057.
12. Reddy T.A., Claridge D.E. Uncertainty of "measured" energy savings from statistical baseline models. HVAC & R Res 2000, 6:3-20.
13. Heo Y., Zavala V. Gaussian process modeling for measurement and verification of building energy savings. Energy Build 2012, 53:7-18.
14. Heo Y., Choudhary R., Augenbroe G.A. Calibration of building energy models for retrofit analysis under uncertainty. Energy Build 2012, 47:550-560.
15. Kaiser M.J., Pulsipher A.G. Preliminary assessment of the Louisiana home energy rebate offer program using IPMVP guidelines. Appl Energy 2010, 87:691-702.
16. Morrison L, Azerbegi R, Walker A. Energy modeling for measurement and verification. In: The third national conference of IBPSA-USA, Berkeley, July 30-August 1; 2008.
17. Meyers S., Kromer S. Measurement and verification strategies for energy savings certificates, meeting the challenges of an uncertain world. Energy Efficiency 2008, 1:313-321.
18. Goldberg M. Measure twice, cut once. IEEE Power Energy Mag 2010, 47:46-54. May/June.
19. Vine E., Hall N., Keating K.M., Kushler M., Prahl R. Emerging issues in the evaluation of energy-efficiency programs: the US experience. Energy Efficiency 2012, 5:5-17.
20. Vine E., Rhee C.H., Lee K.D. Measurement and evaluation of energy efficiency programs: California and South Korea. Energy 2006, 31:1100-1113.
21. Packa DE, Mason JA, Hondroulis JE, Johnson KR, Hurley TL. Systems and method for energy measurement and verification with constant baseline reference. United States Patent 5717609, February 10; 1998.
22. Grobler L.J., den Heijer W. The effect of data period selection for the development of measurement and verification baselines for mine pumping projects. Energy Eng 2006, 103:41-55.
23. Grobler L.J., den Heijer W., Dalgleish B. Measurement and verification of a utility's energy management program. Energy Eng 2003, 100:40-60.
24. Jayasekara S., Halgamuge S.K. Mathematical modeling and experimental verification of an absorption chiller including three dimensional temperature and concentration distributions. Appl Energy 2013, 106:232-242.
25. Welsby P., Pezzani M., Devotta S., Diggory P.J. Steady- and dynamic-state simulations of heat-pumps, Part III: Comparison between predictions and measurements. Appl Energy 1989, 32:1-18.
26. Middelberg A., Zhang J., Xia X. An optimal control model for load shifting-with application in the energy management of a colliery. Appl Energy 2009, 86:1266-1273.
27. Zhang H., Zhang J., Xia X. Optimal sizing and operation of pumping systems to achieve energy efficiency and load shifting. Electr Power Syst Res 2012, 86:41-50.
28. ISO. Continuous mechanical handling equipment - belt conveyors with carrying idlers-calculation of operating power and tensile forces, 2nd ed. ISO 5048; 1989.
29. Zhang S., Xia X. Optimal control of operation efficiency of belt conveyor systems. Appl Energy 2010, 87:1929-1937.
30. Lai T.L., Wei C.Z. Least squares estimates in stochastic regression models with applications to identification and control of dynamic systems. Ann Stat 1982, 10:154-166.
31. Ye X, Xia X, Zhang J. Metering cost minimisation of CDM energy efficiency lighting projects. In: International conference on applied energy, Suzhou, China, July 5-8, 2012.