메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 855-865

An update on the evaluation and management of small pulmonary nodules

Author keywords

ground glass opacities; incidental finding; lung biopsy; lung neoplasm; risk prediction; small pulmonary nodule etiology; small pulmonary nodule follow up; small pulmonary nodule radiology; small pulmonary nodule risk stratification; tomography

Indexed keywords

AGE; CALCINOSIS; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; ENDOBRONCHIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY; FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY; GROWTH RATE; HUMAN; INVASIVE PROCEDURE; LUNG CALCIFICATION; LUNG NODULE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIMARY TUMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SMOKING; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TRANSBRONCHIAL ASPIRATION; TRANSTHORACIC ASPIRATION; TUMOR GROWTH; TUMOR VOLUME; VIDEO ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC SURGERY;

EID: 84878496094     PISSN: 14796694     EISSN: 17448301     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.17     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (20)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 0021273413 scopus 로고
    • Glossary of terms for thoracic radiology: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the Fleischner Society
    • Tuddenham WJ. Glossary of terms for thoracic radiology: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the Fleischner Society. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 143, 509-517 (1984).
    • (1984) AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. , vol.143 , pp. 509-517
    • Tuddenham, W.J.1
  • 2
    • 34848891566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the treatment of patients with pulmonary nodules: When is it lung cancer? An ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guideline (2nd edition)
    • Wahidi MM, Govert JA, Goudar RK et al. Evidence for the treatment of patients with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer? An ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guideline (2nd edition). Chest 132, 94S-107S (2007).
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132
    • Wahidi, M.M.1    Govert, J.A.2    Goudar, R.K.3
  • 3
    • 0033542870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Lung Cancer Action Project: Overall design and fndings from baseline screening
    • Henschke CI, McCauley DI, Yankelevitz DF et al. Early Lung Cancer Action Project: overall design and fndings from baseline screening. Lancet 354, 99-105 (1999).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 99-105
    • Henschke, C.I.1    McCauley, D.I.2    Yankelevitz, D.F.3
  • 4
    • 0033825783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and management of the solitary pulmonary nodule
    • Ost D, Fein A. Evaluation and management of the solitary pulmonary nodule. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162, 782-787 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.162 , pp. 782-787
    • Ost, D.1    Fein, A.2
  • 5
    • 0033630337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solitary pulmonary nodules: Part I. Morphologic evaluation for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions
    • Erasmus JJ, Connolly JE, McAdams HP et al. Solitary pulmonary nodules: part I. Morphologic evaluation for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. Radiographics 20, 43-58 (2000).
    • (2000) Radiographics , vol.20 , pp. 43-58
    • Erasmus, J.J.1    Connolly, J.E.2    McAdams, H.P.3
  • 7
    • 14844290406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visible male nipple shadows in chest radiographs
    • Ohwada A, Sato K, Tamori Y et al. Visible male nipple shadows in chest radiographs. Respirology 10, 111-115 (2005).
    • (2005) Respirology , vol.10 , pp. 111-115
    • Ohwada, A.1    Sato, K.2    Tamori, Y.3
  • 8
    • 0037252643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The solitary pulmonary nodule
    • Tan BB, Flaherty KR, Kazerooni EA et al. The solitary pulmonary nodule. Chest 123(1 Suppl.), 89S-96S (2003).
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Tan, B.B.1    Flaherty, K.R.2    Kazerooni, E.A.3
  • 9
    • 0033067957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of cancer patients in Final and 1955-1994
    • Berrino F. Survival of cancer patients in Final and, 1955-1994. Acta Oncol. 38, 275-277 (1999).
    • (1999) Acta Oncol. , vol.38 , pp. 275-277
    • Berrino, F.1
  • 10
    • 0032915271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors in clinical stage i non-small cell lung cancer
    • Suzuki K, Nagai K, Yoshida J et al. Prognostic factors in clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 67, 927-932 (1999).
    • (1999) Ann. Thorac. Surg. , vol.67 , pp. 927-932
    • Suzuki, K.1    Nagai, K.2    Yoshida, J.3
  • 11
    • 0030058098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends in the prevalence of malignancy in resected solitary pulmonary lesions
    • Rubins JB, Rubins HB. Temporal trends in the prevalence of malignancy in resected solitary pulmonary lesions. Chest 109, 100-103 (1996).
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , pp. 100-103
    • Rubins, J.B.1    Rubins, H.B.2
  • 12
    • 0023264935 scopus 로고
    • The solitary pulmonary nodule. Assessment, diagnosis, and management
    • Khouri NF, Meziane MA, Zerhouni EA et al. The solitary pulmonary nodule. Assessment, diagnosis, and management. Chest 91, 128-133 (1987).
    • (1987) Chest , vol.91 , pp. 128-133
    • Khouri, N.F.1    Meziane, M.A.2    Zerhouni, E.A.3
  • 13
    • 0017125854 scopus 로고
    • The coin lesion story: Update 1976. Twenty years' experience with thoracotomy for 179 suspected malignant coin lesions
    • Ray JF 3rd, Lawton BR, Magnin GE et al. The coin lesion story: update 1976. Twenty years' experience with thoracotomy for 179 suspected malignant coin lesions. Chest 70, 332-336 (1976).
    • (1976) Chest , vol.70 , pp. 332-336
    • Ray III, J.F.1    Lawton, B.R.2    Magnin, G.E.3
  • 14
    • 0016692635 scopus 로고
    • The solitary pulmonary nodule. Ten-year follow-up of veterans administration-armed forces cooperative study
    • Higgins GA, Shields TW, Keehn RJ. The solitary pulmonary nodule. Ten-year follow-up of veterans administration-armed forces cooperative study. Arch. Surg. 110, 570-575 (1975).
    • (1975) Arch. Surg. , vol.110 , pp. 570-575
    • Higgins, G.A.1    Shields, T.W.2    Keehn, R.J.3
  • 15
    • 0031403024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules. Application to small radiologically indeterminate nodules
    • Swensen SJ, Silverstein MD, Ilstrup DM et al. The probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules. Application to small radiologically indeterminate nodules. Arch. Intern. Med. 157, 849-855 (1997).
    • (1997) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.157 , pp. 849-855
    • Swensen, S.J.1    Silverstein, M.D.2    Ilstrup, D.M.3
  • 16
    • 0003964361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Cancer Society, American Cancer Society, GA, USA
    • American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2012. American Cancer Society, GA, USA (2012).
    • (2012) Cancer Facts and Figures 2012
  • 17
    • 33645122137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The solitary pulmonary nodule
    • Winer-Muram HT. The solitary pulmonary nodule. Radiology 239, 34-49 (2006).
    • (2006) Radiology , vol.239 , pp. 34-49
    • Winer-Muram, H.T.1
  • 18
    • 75549120910 scopus 로고
    • The solitary pulmonary nodule. Report of a cooperative study of resected asymptomatic solitary pulmonary nodules in males
    • Steele JD. The solitary pulmonary nodule. Report of a cooperative study of resected asymptomatic solitary pulmonary nodules in males. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 46, 21-39 (1963).
    • (1963) J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. , vol.46 , pp. 21-39
    • Steele, J.D.1
  • 19
    • 0348144230 scopus 로고
    • The solitary circumscribed pulmonary lesion due to bronchogenic carcinoma: A 3-year follow-up study of 94 surgically treated patients
    • Vance JW, Good CA, Hodgson CH et al. The solitary circumscribed pulmonary lesion due to bronchogenic carcinoma: a 3-year follow-up study of 94 surgically treated patients. Dis. Chest 36, 231-237 (1959).
    • (1959) Dis. Chest , vol.36 , pp. 231-237
    • Vance, J.W.1    Good, C.A.2    Hodgson, C.H.3
  • 20
    • 0027526918 scopus 로고
    • Determining the likelihood of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules with Bayesian ana lysis. Part i
    • Gurney JW. Determining the likelihood of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules with Bayesian ana lysis. Part I. Theory. Radiology 186, 405-413 (1993).
    • (1993) Theory. Radiology , vol.186 , pp. 405-413
    • Gurney, J.W.1
  • 21
    • 0026569420 scopus 로고
    • Solitary pulmonary nodule: CT evaluation of enhancement with iodinated contrast material - A preliminary report
    • Swensen SJ, Morin RL, Schueler BA et al. Solitary pulmonary nodule: CT evaluation of enhancement with iodinated contrast material-a preliminary report. Radiology 182, 343-347 (1992).
    • (1992) Radiology , vol.182 , pp. 343-347
    • Swensen, S.J.1    Morin, R.L.2    Schueler, B.A.3
  • 23
    • 0035160386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signifcance of a single pulmonary nodule in patients with previous history of malignancy
    • Sortini A, Carcoforo P, Ascanelli S et al. Signifcance of a single pulmonary nodule in patients with previous history of malignancy. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 20, 1101-1105 (2001).
    • (2001) Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. , vol.20 , pp. 1101-1105
    • Sortini, A.1    Carcoforo, P.2    Ascanelli, S.3
  • 24
    • 0034538005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solitary pulmonary nodules in patients with extrapulmonary neoplasms
    • Quint LE, Park CH, Iannettoni MD. Solitary pulmonary nodules in patients with extrapulmonary neoplasms. Radiology 217, 257-261 (2000).
    • (2000) Radiology , vol.217 , pp. 257-261
    • Quint, L.E.1    Park, C.H.2    Iannettoni, M.D.3
  • 25
    • 0031594807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIDS-related bronchogenic carcinoma: Fact or fction?
    • Parker MS, Leveno DM, Campbell TJ et al. AIDS-related bronchogenic carcinoma: fact or fction? Chest 113, 154-161 (1998).
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 154-161
    • Parker, M.S.1    Leveno, D.M.2    Campbell, T.J.3
  • 26
    • 0022480622 scopus 로고
    • CT of the pulmonary nodule: A cooperative study
    • Zerhouni EA, Stitik F P, Siegelman SS et al. CT of the pulmonary nodule: a cooperative study. Radiology 160, 319-327 (1986).
    • (1986) Radiology , vol.160 , pp. 319-327
    • Zerhouni, E.A.1    Stitik, F.P.2    Siegelman, S.S.3
  • 27
    • 0015535227 scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic solitary pulmonary nodules. Host survival, tumor size and growth rate
    • Steele JD, Buell P. Asymptomatic solitary pulmonary nodules. Host survival, tumor size and growth rate. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 65, 140-151 (1973).
    • (1973) J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. , vol.65 , pp. 140-151
    • Steele, J.D.1    Buell, P.2
  • 28
    • 0015952432 scopus 로고
    • Tumor doubling time and survival of men with bronchogenic carcinoma
    • Weiss W. Tumor doubling time and survival of men with bronchogenic carcinoma. Chest 65, 3-8 (1974).
    • (1974) Chest , vol.65 , pp. 3-8
    • Weiss, W.1
  • 29
    • 0042038580 scopus 로고
    • The rate of growth and apparent duration of untreated primary bronchial carcinoma
    • Garland LH, Coulson W, Wollin E. The rate of growth and apparent duration of untreated primary bronchial carcinoma. Cancer 16, 694-707 (1963).
    • (1963) Cancer , vol.16 , pp. 694-707
    • Garland, L.H.1    Coulson, W.2    Wollin, E.3
  • 30
    • 73649183307 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules by growth rate
    • Nathan MH, Collins VP, Adams RA. Differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules by growth rate. Radiology 79, 221-232 (1962).
    • (1962) Radiology , vol.79 , pp. 221-232
    • Nathan, M.H.1    Collins, V.P.2    Adams, R.A.3
  • 31
    • 0034538087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small pulmonary nodules: Volumetrically determined growth rates based on CT evaluation
    • Yankelevitz DF, Reeves A P, Kostis WJ et al. Small pulmonary nodules: volumetrically determined growth rates based on CT evaluation. Radiology 217, 251-256 (2000).
    • (2000) Radiology , vol.217 , pp. 251-256
    • Yankelevitz, D.F.1    Reeves, A.P.2    Kostis, W.J.3
  • 32
    • 2142697951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are two-dimensional measurements of small non-calcifed pulmonary nodules reliable?
    • Revel MP, Bissery A, Bienvenu M et al. Are two-dimensional measurements of small non-calcifed pulmonary nodules reliable? Radiology 231, 453-458 (2004).
    • (2004) Radiology , vol.231 , pp. 453-458
    • Revel, M.P.1    Bissery, A.2    Bienvenu, M.3
  • 33
    • 0031031979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does 2-year stability imply that pulmonary nodules are benign? AJR Am
    • Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Does 2-year stability imply that pulmonary nodules are benign? AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 168, 325-328 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Roentgenol. , vol.168 , pp. 325-328
    • Yankelevitz, D.F.1    Henschke, C.I.2
  • 34
    • 0025756404 scopus 로고
    • Solitary pulmonary nodule: High-resolution CT and radiologic-pathologic correlation
    • Zwirewich CV, Vedal S, Miller RR et al. Solitary pulmonary nodule: high-resolution CT and radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiology 179, 469-476 (1991).
    • (1991) Radiology , vol.179 , pp. 469-476
    • Zwirewich, C.V.1    Vedal, S.2    Miller, R.R.3
  • 36
    • 0033841694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of malignant from benign solitary pulmonary lesions using chest radiography, spiral CT and HRCT
    • Seemann MD, Seemann O, Luboldt W et al. Differentiation of malignant from benign solitary pulmonary lesions using chest radiography, spiral CT and HRCT. Lung Cancer 29, 105-124 (2000).
    • (2000) Lung Cancer , vol.29 , pp. 105-124
    • Seemann, M.D.1    Seemann, O.2    Luboldt, W.3
  • 37
    • 0033192759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New classifcation of small pulmonary nodules by margin characteristics on high-resolution CT
    • Furuya K, Murayama S, Soeda H et al. New classifcation of small pulmonary nodules by margin characteristics on high-resolution CT. Acta Radiol. 40, 496-504 (1999).
    • (1999) Acta Radiol. , vol.40 , pp. 496-504
    • Furuya, K.1    Murayama, S.2    Soeda, H.3
  • 39
    • 0019948024 scopus 로고
    • Pathways of tumor spread through the lung: Radiologic correlations with anatomy and pathology
    • Heitzman ER, Markarian B, Raasch BN et al. Pathways of tumor spread through the lung: radiologic correlations with anatomy and pathology. Radiology 144, 3-14 (1982).
    • (1982) Radiology , vol.144 , pp. 3-14
    • Heitzman, E.R.1    Markarian, B.2    Raasch, B.N.3
  • 40
    • 50549209102 scopus 로고
    • An ana lysis of 155 solitary lung lesions illustrating the differential diagnosis of mixed tumours of the lung
    • Bateson EM. An ana lysis of 155 solitary lung lesions illustrating the differential diagnosis of mixed tumours of the lung. Clin. Radiol. 16, 51-65 (1965).
    • (1965) Clin. Radiol. , vol.16 , pp. 51-65
    • Bateson, E.M.1
  • 41
    • 0023118858 scopus 로고
    • Dystrophic calcifcation in carcinoma of the lung: Demonstration by CT
    • Stewart JG, MacMahon H, Vyborny CJ et al. Dystrophic calcifcation in carcinoma of the lung: demonstration by CT. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 148, 29-30 (1987).
    • (1987) AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. , vol.148 , pp. 29-30
    • Stewart, J.G.1    MacMahon, H.2    Vyborny, C.J.3
  • 42
    • 0028143167 scopus 로고
    • CT demonstration of calcifcation in carcinoma of the lung
    • Grewal RG, Austin JH. CT demonstration of calcifcation in carcinoma of the lung. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 18, 867-871 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. , vol.18 , pp. 867-871
    • Grewal, R.G.1    Austin, J.H.2
  • 43
    • 0028830707 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary nodules: CT evaluation of enhancement with iodinated contrast material
    • Swensen SJ, Brown LR, Colby TV et al. Pulmonary nodules: CT evaluation of enhancement with iodinated contrast material. Radiology 194, 393-398 (1995).
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.194 , pp. 393-398
    • Swensen, S.J.1    Brown, L.R.2    Colby, T.V.3
  • 44
    • 0029909123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung nodule enhancement at CT: Prospective fndings
    • Swensen SJ, Brown LR, Colby TV et al. Lung nodule enhancement at CT: prospective fndings. Radiology 201, 447-455 (1996).
    • (1996) Radiology , vol.201 , pp. 447-455
    • Swensen, S.J.1    Brown, L.R.2    Colby, T.V.3
  • 45
    • 0033962497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung nodule enhancement at CT: Multicenter st udy
    • Swensen SJ, Viggiano RW, Midthun DE et al. Lung nodule enhancement at CT: multicenter st udy. Radiology 214, 73-80 (2000).
    • (2000) Radiology , vol.214 , pp. 73-80
    • Swensen, S.J.1    Viggiano, R.W.2    Midthun, D.E.3
  • 46
    • 27144450540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solitary pulmonary nodule: Characterization with wash-in and washout features at dynamic multi-detector row C T
    • Jeong YJ, Lee KS, Jeong SY et al. Solitary pulmonary nodule: characterization with wash-in and washout features at dynamic multi-detector row C T. Radiology 237, 675-683 (2005).
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.237 , pp. 675-683
    • Jeong, Y.J.1    Lee, K.S.2    Jeong, S.Y.3
  • 47
    • 0028836233 scopus 로고
    • Solitary pulmonary nodule: Preliminary study of evaluation with incremental dynamic CT
    • Yamashita K, Matsunobe S, Tsuda T et al. Solitary pulmonary nodule: preliminary study of evaluation with incremental dynamic CT. Radiology 194, 399-405 (1995).
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.194 , pp. 399-405
    • Yamashita, K.1    Matsunobe, S.2    Tsuda, T.3
  • 48
    • 0030757054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratumoral necrosis of lung carcinoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall in incremental dynamic computed tomography ana lysis of solitary pulmonary nodules?
    • Yamashita K, Matsunobe S, Tsuda T et al. Intratumoral necrosis of lung carcinoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall in incremental dynamic computed tomography ana lysis of solitary pulmonary nodules? J. Thorac. Imaging 12, 181-187 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Thorac. Imaging , vol.12 , pp. 181-187
    • Yamashita, K.1    Matsunobe, S.2    Tsuda, T.3
  • 49
    • 14544289678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary nodules 10 mm or less in diameter with ground-glass opacity component detected by high-resolution computed tomography have a high possibility of malignancy
    • Yoon HE, Fukuhara K, Michiura T et al. Pulmonary nodules 10 mm or less in diameter with ground-glass opacity component detected by high-resolution computed tomography have a high possibility of malignancy. Jpn. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 53, 22-28 (2005).
    • (2005) Jpn. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. , vol.53 , pp. 22-28
    • Yoon, H.E.1    Fukuhara, K.2    Michiura, T.3
  • 50
    • 0036841383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Early" peripheral lung cancer: Prognostic signifcance of ground glass opacity on thin-section computed tomographic scan
    • Suzuki K, Asamura H, Kusumoto M et al. "Early" peripheral lung cancer: prognostic signifcance of ground glass opacity on thin-section computed tomographic scan. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 74, 1635-1639 (2002).
    • (2002) Ann. Thorac. Surg. , vol.74 , pp. 1635-1639
    • Suzuki, K.1    Asamura, H.2    Kusumoto, M.3
  • 51
    • 21144474588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolving concepts in the pathology and computed tomography imaging of lung adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma
    • Travis WD, Garg K, Kranklin WA et al. Evolving concepts in the pathology and computed tomography imaging of lung adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 3279-3287 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.23 , pp. 3279-3287
    • Travis, W.D.1    Garg, K.2    Kranklin, W.A.3
  • 52
    • 0036109223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CT screening for lung cancer: Frequency and signifcance of part-solid and nonsolid nodules
    • Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, Mirtcheva R et al. CT screening for lung cancer: frequency and signifcance of part-solid and nonsolid nodules. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 178, 1053-1057 (2002).
    • (2002) AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. , vol.178 , pp. 1053-1057
    • Henschke, C.I.1    Yankelevitz, D.F.2    Mirtcheva, R.3
  • 53
    • 33846408647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-year lung cancer screening experience: CT appearance, growth rate, location, and histologic features of 61 lung cancers
    • Lindell RM, Hartman TE, Swensen SJ et al. Five-year lung cancer screening experience: CT appearance, growth rate, location, and histologic features of 61 lung cancers. Radiology 242, 555-562 (2007).
    • (2007) Radiology , vol.242 , pp. 555-562
    • Lindell, R.M.1    Hartman, T.E.2    Swensen, S.J.3
  • 54
    • 0344405715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small solitary pulmonary nodules (< or = 1 cm) detected at population based CT screening for lung cancer: Reliable high-resolution CT features of benign lesions
    • Takashima S, Sone S, Li F et al. Small solitary pulmonary nodules (< or = 1 cm) detected at population based CT screening for lung cancer: reliable high-resolution CT features of benign lesions. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 180, 955-964 (2003).
    • (2003) AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. , vol.180 , pp. 955-964
    • Takashima, S.1    Sone, S.2    Li, F.3
  • 55
    • 0029842938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the air bronchogram sign on CT in solitary pulmonary lesions
    • Kui M, Templeton PA, White CS et al. Evaluation of the air bronchogram sign on CT in solitary pulmonary lesions. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 20, 983-986 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. , vol.20 , pp. 983-986
    • Kui, M.1    Templeton, P.A.2    White, C.S.3
  • 56
    • 0025822337 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of air bronchograms in small peripheral carcinomas of the lung on thin-section CT: Comparison with benign tumors
    • Kuriyama K, Tateishi R, Doi O et al. Prevalence of air bronchograms in small peripheral carcinomas of the lung on thin-section CT: comparison with benign tumors. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 156, 921-924 (1991).
    • (1991) AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. , vol.156 , pp. 921-924
    • Kuriyama, K.1    Tateishi, R.2    Doi, O.3
  • 57
    • 0020670048 scopus 로고
    • Signifcance of wall thickness in solitary cavities of the lung: A follow-up study
    • Woodring JH, Fried AM. Signifcance of wall thickness in solitary cavities of the lung: a follow-up study. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 140, 473-474 (1983).
    • (1983) AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. , vol.140 , pp. 473-474
    • Woodring, J.H.1    Fried, A.M.2
  • 58
    • 0019187733 scopus 로고
    • Solitary cavities of the lung: Diagnostic implications of cavity wall thickness
    • Woodring JH, Fried AM, Chuang VP. Solitary cavities of the lung: diagnostic implications of cavity wall thickness. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 135, 1269-1271 (1980).
    • (1980) AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. , vol.135 , pp. 1269-1271
    • Woodring, J.H.1    Fried, A.M.2    Chuang, V.P.3
  • 59
    • 0242499341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty metastatic lesions in 2 patients with renal clear-cell carcinoma
    • Muram TM, Aisen A. Fatty metastatic lesions in 2 patients with renal clear-cell carcinoma. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 27, 869-870 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. , vol.27 , pp. 869-870
    • Muram, T.M.1    Aisen, A.2
  • 60
    • 0030162614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules using fuorine-18-FDG and PET
    • Gupta NC, Maloof J, Gunel E. Probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules using fuorine-18-FDG and PET. J. Nucl. Med. 37, 943-948 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Nucl. Med. , vol.37 , pp. 943-948
    • Gupta, N.C.1    Maloof, J.2    Gunel, E.3
  • 62
    • 0031935402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective investigation of positron emission tomography in lung nodules
    • Lowe VJ, Fletcher JW, Gobar L et al. Prospective investigation of positron emission tomography in lung nodules. J. Clin. Oncol. 16, 1075-1084 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.16 , pp. 1075-1084
    • Lowe, V.J.1    Fletcher, J.W.2    Gobar, L.3
  • 64
    • 33746042206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum standard uptake value of mediastinal lymph nodes on integrated FDG-PET-CT predicts pathology in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
    • Bryant AS, Cerfolio RJ, Klemm KM et al. Maximum standard uptake value of mediastinal lymph nodes on integrated FDG-PET-CT predicts pathology in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 82, 417-422 (2006).
    • (2006) Ann. Thorac. Surg. , vol.82 , pp. 417-422
    • Bryant, A.S.1    Cerfolio, R.J.2    Klemm, K.M.3
  • 65
    • 41849097085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of two models to estimate the probability of malignancy in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules
    • Schultz EM, Sanders GD, Trotter PR et al. Validation of two models to estimate the probability of malignancy in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules. Thorax 63(4), 335-341 (2008).
    • (2008) Thorax , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-341
    • Schultz, E.M.1    Sanders, G.D.2    Trotter, P.R.3
  • 66
    • 0037865723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. The solitary pulmonary nodule
    • Ost D, Fein AM, Feinsilver SH. Clinical practice. The solitary pulmonary nodule. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 2535-2542 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.348 , pp. 2535-2542
    • Ost, D.1    Fein, A.M.2    Feinsilver, S.H.3
  • 67
    • 27144449606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for management of small pulmonary nodules detected on CT scans: A statement from the Fleischner Society
    • MacMahon H, Austin JH, Gamsu G et al. Guidelines for management of small pulmonary nodules detected on CT scans: a statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology 237, 395-400 (2005).
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.237 , pp. 395-400
    • MacMahon, H.1    Austin, J.H.2    Gamsu, G.3
  • 68
    • 84871689360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for the management of subsolid pulmonary nodules detected at CT: A statement from the Fleischner Society
    • Naidich DP, Bankier AA, Macmahon H et al. Recommendations for the management of subsolid pulmonary nodules detected at CT: a statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology 266(1), 304-317 (2013).
    • (2013) Radiology , vol.266 , Issue.1 , pp. 304-317
    • Naidich, D.P.1    Bankier, A.A.2    MacMahon, H.3
  • 69
    • 0038412655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of alternative management strategies for patients with solitary pulmonary nodules
    • Gould MK, Sanders GD, Barnett PG et al. Cost-effectiveness of alternative management strategies for patients with solitary pulmonary nodules. Ann. Intern. Med. 138, 724-735 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.138 , pp. 724-735
    • Gould, M.K.1    Sanders, G.D.2    Barnett, P.G.3
  • 70
    • 0023684774 scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopic evaluation of peripheral lung tumors
    • Shiner RJ, Rosenman J, Katz I et al. Bronchoscopic evaluation of peripheral lung tumors. Thorax 43, 887-889 (1988).
    • (1988) Thorax , vol.43 , pp. 887-889
    • Shiner, R.J.1    Rosenman, J.2    Katz, I.3
  • 71
    • 0029018240 scopus 로고
    • Integration of transbronchial and percutaneous approach in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules or masses. Experience with 1, 027 consecutive cases
    • Gasparini S, Ferretti M, Secchi EB et al. Integration of transbronchial and percutaneous approach in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules or masses. Experience with 1, 027 consecutive cases. Chest 108, 131-137 (1995).
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108 , pp. 131-137
    • Gasparini, S.1    Ferretti, M.2    Secchi, E.B.3
  • 72
    • 0018410976 scopus 로고
    • Biopsy and brushing of peripheral lung cancer with fuoroscopic guidance
    • Cortese DA, McDougall JC. Biopsy and brushing of peripheral lung cancer with fuoroscopic guidance. Chest 75, 141-145 (1979).
    • (1979) Chest , vol.75 , pp. 141-145
    • Cortese, D.A.1    McDougall, J.C.2
  • 73
    • 0018649602 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy in peripheral lung lesions. Factors predicting success with fexible fberoptic bronchoscopy
    • Radke JR, Conway WA, Eyler WR et al. Diagnostic accuracy in peripheral lung lesions. Factors predicting success with fexible fberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest 76, 176-179 (1979).
    • (1979) Chest , vol.76 , pp. 176-179
    • Radke, J.R.1    Conway, W.A.2    Eyler, W.R.3
  • 74
    • 0034008350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic yield of fberoptic bronchoscopy in evaluating solitary pulmonary nodules
    • Baaklini WA, Reinoso MA, Gorin AB et al. Diagnostic yield of fberoptic bronchoscopy in evaluating solitary pulmonary nodules. Chest 117, 1049-1054 (2000).
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , pp. 1049-1054
    • Baaklini, W.A.1    Reinoso, M.A.2    Gorin, A.B.3
  • 75
    • 33750603072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elctromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy
    • Gildea TR. Elctromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174, 982-989 (2006).
    • (2006) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.174 , pp. 982-989
    • Gildea, T.R.1
  • 76
    • 34250866220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy in peripheral lung lesions
    • Eberhardt R. Electromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy in peripheral lung lesions. Chest 131, 1800-1805 (2007).
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 1800-1805
    • Eberhardt, R.1
  • 77
    • 84857536356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy performed by thoracic surgeons: One center's early success
    • Pearlstein DP, Quinn CC, Burtis CC, Ahn KW, Katch AJ. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy performed by thoracic surgeons: one center's early success. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 93, 944-949 (2012).
    • (2012) Ann. Thorac. Surg. , vol.93 , pp. 944-949
    • Pearlstein, D.P.1    Quinn, C.C.2    Burtis, C.C.3    Ahn, K.W.4    Katch, A.J.5
  • 78
    • 78649853479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic yield of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy is highly dependent on the presence of a bronchus sign on CT imaging: Results from a prospective study
    • Seijo LM, de Torres JP, Lozano MD et al. Diagnostic yield of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy is highly dependent on the presence of a bronchus sign on CT imaging: results from a prospective study. Chest 138, 1316-1321 (2010).
    • (2010) Chest , vol.138 , pp. 1316-1321
    • Seijo, L.M.1    De Torres, J.P.2    Lozano, M.D.3
  • 79
    • 35148881543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endobronchial ultrasonography for diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions
    • Kurimoto N. Endobronchial ultrasonography for diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions. Kyobu Geka 60(8 Suppl.), 724-733 (2007).
    • (2007) Kyobu Geka , vol.60 , Issue.8 SUPPL. , pp. 724-733
    • Kurimoto, N.1
  • 80
    • 79953678711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Steifort DP. Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Respir. J. 37, 902-910 (2011).
    • (2011) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.37 , pp. 902-910
    • Steifort, D.P.1
  • 81
    • 83455213999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using endobronchial ultrasound features to predict lymph node metastasis in patients with lung cancer
    • Memoli JS, El-Bayoumi E, Pastis NJ et al. Using endobronchial ultrasound features to predict lymph node metastasis in patients with lung cancer. Chest 140 (6), 1550-1556 (2011).
    • (2011) Chest , vol.140 , Issue.6 , pp. 1550-1556
    • Memoli, J.S.1    El-Bayoumi, E.2    Pastis, N.J.3
  • 82
    • 0036123925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transbronchial diagnosis of a pulmonary peripheral small lesion using an ultrathin bronchoscope with virtual bronchoscopic navigation
    • Asano F, Matsuno Y, Matsushita T et al. Transbronchial diagnosis of a pulmonary peripheral small lesion using an ultrathin bronchoscope with virtual bronchoscopic navigation. J. Bronchol. 9, 108-111 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Bronchol. , vol.9 , pp. 108-111
    • Asano, F.1    Matsuno, Y.2    Matsushita, T.3
  • 83
    • 81555203433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtual bronchoscopic navigation combined with endobronchial ultrasound to diagnose small peripheral pulmonary lesions: A randomized trial
    • Virtual Navigation in Japan Trial Group
    • Ishida T, Asano F, Yamazaki K et al.; Virtual Navigation in Japan Trial Group. Virtual bronchoscopic navigation combined with endobronchial ultrasound to diagnose small peripheral pulmonary lesions: a randomized trial. Thorax 66, 1072-1077 (2011).
    • (2011) Thorax , vol.66 , pp. 1072-1077
    • Ishida, T.1    Asano, F.2    Yamazaki, K.3
  • 84
    • 0032845082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of localised pulmonary lesions: A meta-analysis
    • Lacasse Y, Wong E, Guyatt GH et al. Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of localised pulmonary lesions: a meta-analysis. Thorax 54, 884-893 (1999).
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , pp. 884-893
    • Lacasse, Y.1    Wong, E.2    Guyatt, G.H.3
  • 85
    • 79961037018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based risk for complications after transthoracic needle lung biopsy of a pulmonary nodule: An ana lysis of discharge records
    • Wiener RS, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S, Welch HG. Population-based risk for complications after transthoracic needle lung biopsy of a pulmonary nodule: an ana lysis of discharge records. Ann. Intern. Med. 155, 137-144 (2011).
    • (2011) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.155 , pp. 137-144
    • Wiener, R.S.1    Schwartz, L.M.2    Woloshin, S.3    Welch, H.G.4
  • 86
    • 0033677491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US-guided Transthoracic cutting biopsy for peripheral thoracic lesions less than 3 cm in diameter
    • Liao WY. US-guided Transthoracic cutting biopsy for peripheral thoracic lesions less than 3 cm in diameter. Radiology 217, 685-691 (2000).
    • (2000) Radiology , vol.217 , pp. 685-691
    • Liao, W.Y.1
  • 87
    • 0026548572 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy of small peripheral nodules
    • Yuan A. Ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy of small peripheral nodules. Chest 101, 926-930 (1992).
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 926-930
    • Yuan, A.1
  • 88
    • 0035002390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the resection of pulmonary nodules: 209 cases from the Spanish Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Study Group
    • Jimenez MF. Prospective study on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the resection of pulmonary nodules: 209 cases from the Spanish Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Study Group. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 19, 562-565 (2001).
    • (2001) Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. , vol.19 , pp. 562-565
    • Jimenez, M.F.1
  • 89
    • 0027362221 scopus 로고
    • Thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of the indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodule
    • Mack MJ, Hazelrigg SR, Landreneau RJ et al. Thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of the indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodule. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 56, 825-830 (1993).
    • (1993) Ann. Thorac. Surg. , vol.56 , pp. 825-830
    • MacK, M.J.1    Hazelrigg, S.R.2    Landreneau, R.J.3
  • 90
    • 79952183928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unplanned conversion to thoracotomy during video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy does not compromise the surgical outcome
    • Park JS, Kim HK, Choi YS et al. Unplanned conversion to thoracotomy during video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy does not compromise the surgical outcome. World J. Surg. 35, 590-595 (2011).
    • (2011) World J. Surg. , vol.35 , pp. 590-595
    • Park, J.S.1    Kim, H.K.2    Choi, Y.S.3
  • 91
    • 0032914748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for indeterminate pulmonary nodules: Indications for pre-operative marking
    • Suzuki K, Nagai K, Yoshida J et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for indeterminate pulmonary nodules: indications for pre-operative marking. Chest 115, 563-568 (1999).
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 563-568
    • Suzuki, K.1    Nagai, K.2    Yoshida, J.3
  • 92
    • 72749126315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous localization of pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery using methylene blue and TC-99
    • Wang YZ, Boudreaux JP, Dowling A, Woltering EA. Percutaneous localization of pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery using methylene blue and TC-99. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 37, 237-238 (2010).
    • (2010) Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. , vol.37 , pp. 237-238
    • Wang, Y.Z.1    Boudreaux, J.P.2    Dowling, A.3    Woltering, E.A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.