Role of public and private funding in the rising caesarean section rate: A cohort study

BMJ Open

Volumn 3, Issue 5, 2013, Pages

  Einarsdóttir, Kristjana ^a   Haggar, Fatima ^b   Pereira, Gavin ^a,c   Leonard, Helen ^a   De Klerk, Nick ^a   Stanley, Fiona J ^a   Stock, Sarah ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BREECH EXTRACTION; CESAREAN SECTION; COHORT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FUNDING; HUMAN; MULTIPLE PREGNANCY; NULLIPARA; PLACENTA PREVIA; PRIVATE HOSPITAL; PUBLIC HOSPITAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY;

EID: 84878440038     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002789     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Menacker F, Hamilton BE. Recent trends in cesarean delivery in the United States. National Center for Health Statistics Data Brief No. 35. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010.
2. Liu S, Rusen ID, Joseph KS, et al. Recent trends in caesarean delivery rates and indications for caesarean delivery in Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2004;26:735-42.
3. Giving birth in Canada: Regional trends from 2001-2002 to 2005-2006. Canadian Institute for Health Information. 2007. http://www.cihi.ca (accessed 25 Mar 2013).
4. Lancaster P, Huang J, Pedisich E. Australia's mothers and their babies 1991. Perinatal Statistics Series no. 1. Cat. no. AIHW 240. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, National Perinatal Statistics Unit, Sydney, 1994.
5. Laws PJ, Li Z, Sullivan EA. Australia's mothers and babies 2008. Perinatal Statistics Series no. 24. Canberra, 2010.
6. Statistical Bulletin: NHS Maternity Statistics, England: 2011-2012, 2012.
7. Chigbu CO, Iloabachie GC. The burden of caesarean section refusal in a developing country setting. BJOG 2007;114:1261-5. (Pubitemid 47414959)
8. Paxton A, Maine D, Freedman L, et al. The evidence for emergency obstetric care. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005;88:181-93. (Pubitemid 40247517)
9. Allen VM, O'Connell CM, Liston RM, et al. Maternal morbidity associated with cesarean delivery without labor compared with spontaneous onset of labor at term. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:477-82. (Pubitemid 37311206)
10. Betran AP, Merialdi M, Lauer JA, et al. Rates of caesarean section: Analysis of global, regional and national estimates. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2007;21:98-113.
11. Bodner K, Wierrani F, Grunberger W, et al. Influence of the mode of delivery on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A comparison between elective cesarean section and planned vaginal delivery in a low-risk obstetric population. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011;283:1193-8.
12. Geller EJ, Wu JM, Jannelli ML, et al. Neonatal outcomes associated with planned vaginal versus planned primary cesarean delivery. J Perinatol 2010;30:258-64.
13. Harper LM, Odibo AO. Mode of delivery and obstetric outcomes in Asia. Womens Health (Lond Engl) 2010;6:365-6.
14. Knight M, Kurinczuk JJ, Spark P, et al. Cesarean delivery and peripartum hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:97-105.
15. Kolas T, Saugstad OD, Daltveit AK, et al. Planned cesarean versus planned vaginal delivery at term: Comparison of newborn infant outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195:1538-43. (Pubitemid 44792626)
16. Liston FA, Allen VM, O'Connell CM, et al. Neonatal outcomes with caesarean delivery at term. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2008;93:F176-82. (Pubitemid 352039282)
17. Moore HC, de Klerk N, Holt P, et al. Hospitalisation for bronchiolitis in infants is more common after elective caesarean delivery. Arch Dis Child 2012;97:410-4.
18. Silver RM, Landon MB, Rouse DJ, et al. Maternal morbidity associated with multiple repeat cesarean deliveries. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:1226-32. (Pubitemid 44336884)
19. Fogelson NS, Menard MK, Hulsey T, et al. Neonatal impact of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term: A comment on patient choice cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:1433-6.
20. Levine EM, Ghai V, Barton JJ, et al. Mode of delivery and risk of respiratory diseases in newborns. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:439-42. (Pubitemid 32184709)
21. Souza JP, Gulmezoglu A, Lumbiganon P, et al. Caesarean section without medical indications is associated with an increased risk of adverse short-term maternal outcomes: The 2004-2008 WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health. BMC Med 2010;8:71.
22. Tracy SK, Tracy MB, Sullivan E. Admission of term infants to neonatal intensive care: A population-based study. Birth 2007;34:301-7. (Pubitemid 350132642)
23. Zwecker P, Azoulay L, Abenhaim HA. Effect of fear of litigation on obstetric care: A nationwide analysis on obstetric practice. Am J Perinatol 2011;28:277-84.
24. Robson SJ, Tan WS, Adeyemi A, et al. Estimating the rate of cesarean section by maternal request: Anonymous survey of obstetricians in Australia. Birth 2009;36:208-12.
25. Penn Z, Ghaem-Maghami S. Indications for caesarean section. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2001;15:1-15. (Pubitemid 32229140)
26. MacDorman MF, Menacker F, Declercq E. Cesarean birth in the United States: Epidemiology, trends, and outcomes. Clin Perinatol 2008;35:293-307, v. (Pubitemid 351635812)
27. Howell S, Johnston T, Macleod SL. Trends and determinants of caesarean sections births in Queensland, 1997-2006. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2009;49:606-11.
28. O'Leary CM, de Klerk N, Keogh J, et al. Trends in mode of delivery during 1984-2003: Can they be explained by pregnancy and delivery complications? BJOG 2007;114:855-64. (Pubitemid 46918690)
29. Stavrou EP, Ford JB, Shand AW, et al. Epidemiology and trends for Caesarean section births in New South Wales, Australia: A population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2011;11:8.
30. Barber EL, Lundsberg LS, Belanger K, et al. Indications contributing to the increasing cesarean delivery rate. Obstet Gynecol 2011;118:29-38.
31. Foster M, Fleming J. The health care system in Australia. Health care practice in Australia. Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press, 2008:46-73.
32. Harris MG, Harris RD. The Australian health system: Continuity and change. J Health Hum Serv Adm 1998;20:442-67. (Pubitemid 28524778)
33. Dahlen HG, Tracy S, Tracy M, et al. Rates of obstetric intervention among low-risk women giving birth in private and public hospitals in NSW: A population-based descriptive study. BMJ Open 2012;2: E001723.
34. Roberts CL, Algert CS, Ford JB, et al. Pathways to a rising caesarean section rate: A population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001725.
35. Holman CD, Bass AJ, Rouse IL, et al. Population-based linkage of health records in Western Australia: Development of a health services research linked database. Aust N Z J Public Health 1999;23:453-9. (Pubitemid 29479210)
36. Private care for public patients: The Joondalup Health Campus: Auditor General, Western Australia, 1997.
37. MacKenzie IZ, Cooke I, Annan B. Indications for caesarean section in a consultant obstetric unit over three decades. J Obstet Gynaecol 2003;23:233-8. (Pubitemid 36735058)
38. Leitch CR, Walker JJ. The rise in caesarean section rate: The same indications but a lower threshold. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:621-6. (Pubitemid 28293479)
39. McLachlan H, Forster D, Davey M, et al. Effects of continuity of care by a primary midwife (caseload midwifery) on caesarean section rates in women of low obstetric risk: The COSMOS randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2012;119:1483-92.
40. Fisher J, Smith A, Astbury J. Private health insurance and a healthy personality: New risk factors for obstetric intervention? J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1995;16:1-9.
41. Roberts CL, Tracy S, Peat B. Rates for obstetric intervention among private and public patients in Australia: Population based descriptive study. BMJ 2000;321:137-41.
42. Habiba M, Kaminski M, Da Fre M, et al. Caesarean section on request: A comparison of obstetricians' attitudes in eight European countries. BJOG 2006;113:647-56. (Pubitemid 43781695)
43. Potter JE, Berquo E, Perpetuo IH, et al. Unwanted caesarean sections among public and private patients in Brazil: Prospective study. BMJ 2001;323:1155-8. (Pubitemid 33078162)
44. Hopkins K. Are Brazilian women really choosing to deliver by cesarean? Soc Sci Med 2000;51:725-40. (Pubitemid 30316326)
45. Einarsdottir K, Kemp A, Haggar FA, et al. Increase in caesarean deliveries after the Australian private health insurance incentive policy reforms. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e41436.
46. Australian hospital statistics 2000-01. Health services series no. 19. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2002.
47. Cormack M. Private health insurance: The problem child faces adulthood. Aust Health Rev 2002;25:38-51.