Long-term warming restructures Arctic tundra without changing net soil carbon storage

Nature

Volumn 497, Issue 7451, 2013, Pages 615-617

  Sistla, Seeta A ^a   Moore, John C ^b   Simpson, Rodney T ^b   Gough, Laura ^c   Shaver, Gaius R ^d   Schimel, Joshua P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON   (United States)

^d ECOSYSTEMS CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; DECOMPOSITION; LOW TEMPERATURE; NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; PHYTOMASS; SOIL BIOTA; SOIL CARBON; SOIL ECOSYSTEM; TUNDRA; WARMING;

ARTICLE; BIOMASS; CARBON STORAGE; ECOSYSTEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOIL; SOIL TEMPERATURE; SUMMER; TUNDRA; UNITED STATES; WARMING; WINTER;

ANIMALS; ARCTIC REGIONS; BIOMASS; CARBON; CARBON CYCLE; COLD CLIMATE; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM; FOOD CHAIN; GLOBAL WARMING; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; NITROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; RAIN; SOIL; SOIL MICROBIOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; TIME FACTORS; UNCERTAINTY;

ALASKA; ARCTIC; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84878422461     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature12129     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Tarnocai, carbon et al. Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 23, GB2023 (2009).
2. Schuur, E. A. G. et al. The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra. Nature 459, 556-559 (2009).
3. Sturm, M. et al. Winter biological processes could help convert arctic tundra to shrubland. Bioscience 55, 17-26 (2005).
4. Shaver, G. R. et al. Carbon turnover in Alaskan tundra soils: effects of organic matter quality, temperature, moisture and fertilizer. J. Ecol. 94, 740-753 (2006).
5. Hobbie, S. E. & Chapin, F. S. The response of tundra plant biomass, aboveground production, nitrogen, and CO2 flux to experimental warming. Ecology 79, 1526-1544 (1998).
6. Oberbauer, S. F. et al. Tundra CO2 fluxes in response to experimental warming across latitudinal and moisture gradients. Ecol. Monogr. 77, 221-238 (2007).
7. Natali, S. M., Schuur, E. A. G. & Rubin, R. L. Increased plant productivity in Alaskan tundra as a result of experimental warming of soil and permafrost. J. Ecol. 100, 488-498 (2012).
8. Hodkinson, I. D. et al. Global change and Arctic ecosystems: conclusions and predictions from experiments with terrestrial invertebrates on Spitsbergen. Arct. Alp. Res. 30, 306-313 (1998).
9. Deslippe, J. R., Hartmann, M., Simard, S. W. & Mohn, W. W. Long-term warming alters the composition of Arctic soil microbial communities. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 82, 303-315 (2012).
10. McKane, R. B. et al. Climatic effects on tundra carbon storage inferred from experimental data and a model. Ecology 78, 1170-1187 (1997).
11. Myers-Smith, I. H. et al. Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: dynamics, impacts and research priorities. Environ. Res. Lett. 6, 045509 (2011).
12. Rustad, L. E. et al. A meta-analysis of the response of soil respiration, net nitrogen mineralization, and aboveground plant growth to experimental ecosystem warming. Oecologia 126, 543-562 (2001).
13. Blok, D. et al. The response of Arctic vegetation to the summer climate: relation between shrub cover, NDVI, surface albedo and temperature. Environ. Res. Lett. 6, 035502 (2011).
14. Sullivan, P. F. et al. Climate and species affect fine root production with long-term fertilization in acidic tussock tundra near Toolik Lake, Alaska. Oecologia 153, 643-652 (2007).
15. Clemmensen, K. E., Michelsen, A., Jonasson, S. & Shaver, G. R. Increased ectomycorrhizal fungal abundance after long-term fertilization and warming of two arctic tundra ecosystems. New Phytol. 171, 391-404 (2006).
16. Wallenstein, M. D., McMahon, S. & Schimel, J. Bacterial and fungal community structure in Arctic tundra tussock and shrub soils. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 59, 428-435 (2007).
17. Oades, J. M. Soil organic matter and structural stability: mechanisms and implications for management. Plant Soil 76, 319-337 (1984).
18. Loya, W. M., Johnson, L. C.& Nadelhoffer, K. J. Seasonal dynamics of leaf-and rootderived C in arctic tundra mesocosms. Soil Biol. Biochem. 36, 655-666 (2004).
19. Lavoie, M., Mack, M. C. & Schuur, E. A. G. Effects of elevated nitrogen and temperature on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in Alaskan arctic and boreal soils. J. Geophys. Res. 116, G03013 (2011).
20. Six, J., Bossuyt, H., Degryze, S.& Denef, K. A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Tillage Res. 79, 7-31 (2004).
21. Anisimov, O., a., Shiklomanov, N. I. & Nelson, F. E. Global warming and active-layer thickness: results from transient general circulation models. Glob. Planet. Change 15, 61-77 (1997).
22. Hobbie, S. E., Gough, L. & Shaver, G. R. Species compositional differences on different-aged glacial landscapes drive contrasting responses of tundra tonutrient addition. J. Ecol. 93, 770-782 (2005).
23. Deslippe, J. R., Hartmann, M.,Mohn, W. W.&Simard, S. W. Long-termexperimental manipulation of climate alters the ectomycorrhizal community of Betula nana in Arctic tundra. Glob. Change Biol. 17, 1625-1636 (2011).
24. Fahnestock, J. T., Jones, M. H. & Welker, J. M. Wintertime CO2 efflux from Arctic soils: implications for annual carbon budgets. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 13, 775-779 (1999).
25. Pollierer, M. M., Langel, R., Körner, C., Maraun, M. & Scheu, S. The underestimated importance of belowground carbon input for forest soil animal food webs. Ecol. Lett. 10, 729-736 (2007).
26. Loya, W. M. Pulse-labeling studies of carbon cycling in arctic tundra ecosystems: contribution of photosynthates to soil organic matter. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 16, 1101 (2002).
27. Oechel, W. C. et al. Recent change of Arctic tundra ecosystems from a net carbon dioxide sink to a source. Nature 361, 520-523 (1993).
28. Mack, M. C., Schuur, E. A. G., Bret-Harte, M. S., Shaver, G. R. & Chapin, F. S., III. Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization. Nature 431, 440-443 (2004).
29. Fierer, N. & Schimel, J. P. Effects of drying-rewetting frequency on soil carbon and nitrogen transformations. Soil Biol. Biochem. 34, 777-787 (2002).
30. Bloem, J. Fluorescent staining of microbes for total direct counts. Mol. Microbial Ecol. Manual 1-12 (1995).
31. West, A. W. & Sparling, G. P. Modifications to the substrate-induced respiration method to permit measurement of microbial biomass in soils of differing water contents. J. Microbiol. Methods 5, 177-189 (1986).
32. Anderson, J. P. E. & Domsch, K. H. A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 10, 215-221 (1978).
33. Beck, T. et al. An inter-laboratory comparison of ten different ways of measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29, 1023-1032 (1997).
34. Brookes, P. C., Landman, A., Prudenmaltese, G. & Jenkinson, D. S. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 17, 837-842 (1985).
35. Frey, S., Elliott, E. & Paustian, K. Bacterial and fungal abundance and biomass in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems along two climatic gradients. Soil Biol. Biochem. 31, 573-585 (1999).
36. Ilic, B. et al. Single cell detection with micromechanical oscillators. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 19, 2825-2828 (2001).
37. Darbyshire, J. F., Wheatley, R. E., Greaves, M. P. & Inkson, R. H. E. A rapid micromethod for estimating bacterial and protozoan populations in soil. Rev. Ecol. Biol. Sol 11, 465-475 (1974).
38. Gough, L., Moore, J. C., Shaver, G. R., Simpson, R. T. & Johnson, D. R. Above-and belowground responses of arctic tundra ecosystemsto altered soil nutrients and mammalian herbivory. Ecology 93, 1683-1694 (2012).