Range expansion of dermacentor variabilis and dermacentor andersoni (acari: Ixodidae) near their northern distributional limits

Journal of Medical Entomology

Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 510-520

  Dergousoff, Shaun J ^a   Galloway, Terry D ^b   Lindsay, L Robbin ^c   Curry, Philip S ^d   Chilton, Neil B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^c PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^d Saskatchewan Ministry of Health   (Canada)

Author keywords

Dermacentor andersoni; Dermacentor variabilis; distribution; sympatry; vertebrate hosts

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISPERSAL; ARTICLE; CANADA; DERMACENTOR; GENETICS; LARVA; NYMPH; PHYSIOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION; ANIMALS; CANADA; DERMACENTOR; LARVA; NYMPH; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

ACARI; AVES; DERMACENTOR ANDERSONI; DERMACENTOR VARIABILIS; IXODIDA; IXODIDAE; MAMMALIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 84878340808     PISSN: 00222585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1603/ME12193     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Anderson, J. F., and L. A. Magnarelli. 1980. Vertebrate host relationships and distribution of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Connecticut, USA. J. Med. Entomol. 17: 314-323. (Pubitemid 10014788)
2. Anstead, C. A., and N. B. Chilton. 2011. Ticks feeding on northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) in central Saskatchewan and the unexpected detection of Ixodes scapularis larvae. J. Vector Ecol. 36: 355-360.
3. Bermudez, S. E., R. J. Miranda, Y. L. Zaldvar, and K. Page. 2010. Dermacentor variabilis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in Panama: report associated with tourism. J. Vector Ecol. 35: 208-209.
4. Bishopp, F. C., and H. L. Trembley. 1945. Distribution and hosts of certain North American ticks. J. Parasitol. 31: 1-54.
5. Bow, M. R., and J. H. Brown. 1943. Tularaemia in the "Seven Persons Coulee," Alberta. Can. J. Public Health 34: 414-418.
6. Bow, M. R., and J. H. Brown. 1945. Tick-borne diseases of man in Alberta. CMAJ 53: 459-465.
7. Bowen, W. D. 1982. Home range and spatial organization of coyotes in Jasper National Park, Alberta. J. Wildl. Manage. 46: 201-216.
8. Brown, J. H. 1944. The spotted fever and other Albertan ticks. Can. J. Res. 22: 36-51.
9. Brown, J. H. 1955. Colorado tick fever in Alberta. Can. J. Zool. 33: 389-390.
10. Brown, J. H., and G. M. Kohls. 1950. The ticks of Alberta with special reference to distribution. Can. J. Res. 28: 197-205.
11. Burachynsky, V. I., and T. D. Galloway. 1985. Seasonal dynamics and distribution of American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), larvae and nymphs at Birds Hill Park, Manitoba. Can. J. Zool. 63: 2748-2755. (Pubitemid 17247696)
12. Campbell, A., and P. R. Mackay. 1979. Distribution of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and its small mammal hosts in relation to vegetation types in a study area in Nova Scotia. Can. J. Zool. 57: 1950-1959.
13. Chilton, N. B. 1994. Differences in the life cycles of two species of reptile tick: implications for species distributions. Int. J. Parasitol. 24: 791-795. (Pubitemid 24310964)
14. Chilton, N. B., and C. M. Bull. 1994. Inßuence of environmental factors on oviposition and egg development in Amblyomma limbatum and Aponomma hydrosauri (Acari: Ixodidae). Int. J. Parasitol. 24: 83-90. (Pubitemid 24162484)
15. Chilton, N. B., R. H. Andrews, and C. M. Bull. 2000. Inßuence of temperature and relative humidity on the moulting success of Amblyomma limbatum and Aponomma hydrosauri (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae and nymphs. Int. J. Parasitol. 30: 973-979. (Pubitemid 30649672)
16. Cooley, R. A. 1938. The genera Dermacentor and Otocentor (Ixodidae) in the United States with studies in variation. Natl. Inst. Health Bull. 171: 1-89.
17. Davidson, W. B. 1941. The Rocky Mountain wood tick and tick borne diseases. Can. J. Comp. Med. 5: 123-137.
18. Dennis, D. T., T. S. Nekomoto, J. C. Victor, W. S. Paul, and J. Piesman. 1998. Reported distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States. J. Med. Entomol. 35: 629-638. (Pubitemid 128463421)
19. Dergousoff, S. J. 2011. Comparison of the bacteria within ticks from allopatric and sympatric populations of Dermacentor andersoni and Dermacentor variabilis near ther northern distributional limits in Canada. PhD thesis. University of Saskatchewan.
20. Dergousoff, S. J., and N. B. Chilton. 2007. Differentiation of three species of ixodid tick, Dermacentor andersoni, D. variabilis and D. albipictus, by PCR-based approaches using markers in ribosomal DNA. Mol. Cell. Probes 21: 343-348.
21. Despins, J. L. 1992. Effects of temperature and humidity on ovipositional biology and egg development of the tropical horse tick, Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens. J. Med. Entomol. 29: 332-337.
22. Dodds, D. G., A. M. Martell, and R. E. Yescott. 1969. Ecology of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), in Nova Scotia. Can. J. Zool. 47: 171-181.
23. Easton, E. R. 1983. The ticks of South Dakota: an annotated checklist (Acari: Ixodidae). Entomolog. News 94: 191-195.
24. Easton, E. R., J. E. Keirans, R. A. Gresbrink, and C. M. Clifford. 1977. Distribution in Oregon of Ixodes pacificus, Dermacentor andersoni, and Dermacentor occidentalis with a note on Dermacentor variabilis (Acarina: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 13: 501-506. (Pubitemid 8072019)
25. Gibbons, R. J. 1939. Survey of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and sylvatic plague in western Canada during 1938. Can. J. Publ. Health. 30: 184-187.
26. Gordon, J. R., B. G. McLaughlin, and S. Nitiuthai. 1983. Tularaemia transmitted by ticks (Dermacentor andersoni) in Saskatchewan. Can. J. Comp. Med. 47: 408-411. (Pubitemid 14222927)
27. Gregson, J. D. 1951. Notes on the spring activity of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acarini: Ixodiae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. B. C. 47: 4-7.
28. Gregson, J. D. 1956. The Ixodoidea of Canada. Science Service, Entomology Division, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada.
29. Gwatkin, R., R. H. Painter, and I. W. Moynihan. 1942. Tularaemia in sheep. Can. J. Comp. Med. Vet. Sci. 6: 163-168.
30. Halliday, R. B., and R. W. Sutherst. 1990. An Australian record of the American dog tick Dermacentor variabilis, and the risk of its establishment outside North America. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 8: 65-70. (Pubitemid 20083265)
31. Hall, R. R., and J. A. McKiel. 1961. Occurrence of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) in western Nova Scotia. Can. Entomol. 93: 891-893.
32. Hewitt, C. G. 1915. A contribution to a knowledge of Canadian ticks. Trans. R. Soc. Can. 9: 225-239.
33. Howden, K. J., D. W. Geale, J. Pare, E. J. Golsteyn-Thomas, and A. A. Gajadhar. 2010. An update on bovine anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in Canada. Can. Vet. J. 51: 837-840.
34. Holland, G. P. 1940. Notes on the ecology of Dermacentor andersoni in southern Alberta. Proc. Entomol. Soc. B. C. 36: 8-11.
35. Humphreys, F. A., and A. G. Campbell. 1947. Plague, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and tularaemia surveys in Canada. Can. J. Publ. Health 38: 124-130.
36. Humphreys, F. A. 1947. Some observations regarding tick and insect-borne infections in western Canada. Can. J. Comp. Med. 11: 187-192.
37. James, A. M., J. E. Freier, J. E. Keirans, L. A. Durden, J. W. Mertins, and J. L. Schlater. 2006. Distribution, seasonality, and hosts of the Rocky Mountain wood tick in the United States. J. Med. Entomol. 43: 17-24. (Pubitemid 43165059)
38. Keirans, J. E., and L. A. Durden. 2001. Invasion: exotic ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) imported into the United States. A review and new records. J. Med. Entomol. 38: 850-861. (Pubitemid 33620477)
39. Kgoroba, K. G. 1980. A study of the seasonal population dynamics of the ticks Dermacentor variabilis (Say) and Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard) in a marshland habitat. M.Sc. thesis. University of Manitoba.
40. Kocan, K. M., J. de la Fuente, E. F. Blouin, J. F. Coetzee, and S. A. Ewing. 2010. The natural history of Anaplasma marginale. Vet. Parasitol. 167: 95-107.
41. Koffi, J. K., P. A. Leighton, Y. Pelct, L. Trudel, L. R. Lindsay, F. Milord, and N. H. Ogden. 2012. Passive surveillance for I. scapularis ticks: enhanced analysis for early detection of emerging Lyme disease risk. J. Med. Entomol. 49: 400-409.
42. Kollars, T. M., Jr., J. H. Oliver, Jr., E. J. Masters, P. G. Kollars, and L. A. Durden. 2000. Host utilization and seasonal occurrence of Dermacentor species (Acari: Ixodidae) in Missouri, USA. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 24: 631-643. (Pubitemid 32100343)
43. Leighton, P. A., J. K. Koffi, Y. Pelcat, L. R. Lindsay, and N. H. Ogden. 2012. Predicting the speed of tick invasion: an empiricalmodelofrangeexpansionfortheLymedisease vector Ixodes scapularis in Canada. J. Appl. Ecol. 49: 457-464.
44. Lindsay, L. R., I. K. Barker, G. A. Surgeoner, S. A. McEwen, T. J. Gillespie, and J. T. Robinson. 1995. Survival and development of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) under various climatic conditions in Ontario, Canada. J. Med. Entomol. 32: 143-152.
45. Madhav, N. K., J. S. Brownstein, J. I. Tsao, and D. Fish. 2004. A dispersal model for the range expansion of blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 41: 842-852. (Pubitemid 39403927)
46. Merten, H. A., and L. A. Durden. 2000. A state-by-state survey of ticks recorded from humans in the United States. J. Vector. Ecol. 25: 102-113.
47. Ogden, N. H., M. Bigras-Poulin, C. J. O'Callaghan, I. K. Barker, L. R. Lindsay, A. Maarouf, K. E. Smoyer-Tomic, D. Waltner-Toews, and D. Charron. 2005. A dynamic population model to investigate effects of climate on geographic range and seasonality of the tick Ixodes scapularis. Int. J. Parasitol. 35: 375-389. (Pubitemid 40381156)
48. Ogden, N. H., A. Maarouf, I. K. Barker, M. Bigras-Poulin, L. R. Lindsay, M. G. Morshed, C. J. O'Callaghan, F. Ramay, D. Waltner-Toews, and D. F. Charron. 2006. Climate change and the potential for range expansion of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in Canada. Int. J. Parasitol. 36: 63.
49. Ogden, N. H., L. R. Lindsay, K. Hanincova, I. K. Barker, M. Bigras-Poulin, D. F. Charron, A. Heagy, C. M. Francis, C. J. O'Callaghan, I. Schwartz, and R. A. Thompson. 2008. Role of migratory birds in introduction and range expansion of Ixodes scapularis ticks and of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Canada. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 1780-1790. (Pubitemid 351400132)
50. Ogden, N. H., L. R. Lindsay, M. Morshed, P. N. Sockett, and H. Artsob. 2009. The emergence of Lyme disease in Canada. CMAJ 180: 1221-1224.
51. Oliver, J. H. Jr., P. R. Wilkinson, and G. M. Kohls. 1972. Observations on hybridization of three species of North American Dermacentor ticks. J. Parasitol. 58: 380-384.
52. Randolph, S. E. 2004. Tick ecology: processes and patterns behind the epidemiological risk posed by ixodid ticks as vectors. Parasitology 129: S37-S65. (Pubitemid 40780687)
53. Randolph, S. E. 2008. The impact of tick ecology on pathogen transmission dynamics, pp. 40-72. In A. S. Bowman and P. Nuttall (eds.), Ticks. Biology, Disease and Control. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
54. Reese, S. M., J. M. Petersen, S. W. Sheldon, M. C. Dolan, G. Dietrich, J. Piesman, and R. J. Eisen. 2011. Transmission efciency of Francisella tularensis by adult American dog ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 48: 884-890.
55. Rich, G. B. 1971. Disease transmission by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, with particular reference to tick paralysis in Canada. Vet. Med. Rev. 1: 3-26.
56. Rotramel, G. L., T. G. Schwan, and R. E. Doty. 1976. Distribution of suspected tick vectors and reported cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in California. Am. J. Epidemiol. 104: 287-293.
57. Smith, W. P. 1991. Odocoileus virginianus. Mammalian Species 388: 1-13.
58. Sonenshine, D. E. 1979. Zoogeography of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, pp. 123-134. In J. R. Rodriguez (ed.), Recent Advances in Acarology, Vol. II. Academic, New York, NY.
59. Sonenshine, D. E. 1991. Biology of ticks, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
60. Sonenshine, D. E. 1993. Biology of ticks, vol. 2. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
61. Sonenshine, D. E., C. E. Yunker, C. M. Clifford, G. M. Clark, and J. A. Rudbach. 1976. Contributions to the ecology of Colorado tick fever virus. 2. Population dynamics and host utilization of immature stages of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni. J. Med. Entomol. 12: 651-656.
62. Wilkinson, P. R. 1967. The distribution of Dermacentor ticks in Canada in relation to bioclimatic zones. Can. J. Zool. 45: 517-537.
63. Wilkinson, P. R. 1970. Dermacentor ticks on wildlife and new records of paralysis. J. Entomol. Soc. B. C. 67: 24-29.
64. Wilkinson, P. R. 1972. Sites of attachment of Ôprairieo and Ômontaneo Dermacentor andersoni (Acarina: Ixodidae) on cattle. J. Med. Entomol. 9: 133-137.
65. Yoder, J. A., D. R. Buchan, N. F. Ferrari, and J. L. Tank. 2007. Dehydration tolerance of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acari : Ixodidae), matches preference for a dry environment. Int. J. Acarol. 33: 173-180. (Pubitemid 46925746)