Is a combination of varenicline and nicotine patch more effective in helping smokers quit than varenicline alone? A randomised controlled trial

BMC Medicine

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Hajek, Peter ^a   Smith, Katie M ^a   Dhanji, Al Rehan ^b   McRobbie, Hayden ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b BARTS HEALTH NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Nicotine patch; Smoking cessation; Varenicline

Indexed keywords

NICOTINE PATCH; VARENICLINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NAUSEA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

ADULT; BENZAZEPINES; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NICOTINIC AGONISTS; QUINOXALINES; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; TOBACCO USE CESSATION PRODUCTS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84878264319     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17417015     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-140     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, Mant D, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008, 1. CD000146.
2. Cahill K, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011, 2. CD006103.
3. Bauld L, Bell K, McCullough L, Richardson L, Greaves L. The effectiveness of NHS smoking cessation services: a systematic review. J Public Health (Oxf) 2009, 32:71-82.
4. Ebbert JO, Burke MV, Hays JT, Hurt RD. Combination treatment with varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy. Nicotine Tob Res 2009, 11:572-576. 10.1093/ntr/ntp042, 19351781.
5. Hajek P, McRobbie HJ, Myers KE, Stapleton J, Dhanji AR. Use of varenicline for 4 weeks before quitting smoking: decrease in ad lib smoking and increase in smoking cessation rates. Arch Intern Med 2011, 171:770-777. 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.138, 21518946.
6. Gonzales D, Rennard SI, Nides M, Oncken C, Azoulay S, Billing CB, Watsky EJ, Gong J, Williams KE, Reeves KR, et al. Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006, 296:47-55. 10.1001/jama.296.1.47, 16820546.
7. Jorenby DE, Hays JT, Rigotti NA, Azoulay S, Watsky EJ, Williams KE, Billing CB, Gong J, Reeves KR, Varenicline Phase 3 Study G Efficacy of varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs placebo or sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006, 296:56-63. 10.1001/jama.296.1.56, 16820547, Varenicline Phase 3 Study G.
8. Aubin HJ, Bobak A, Britton JR, Oncken C, Billing CB, Gong J, Williams KE, Reeves KR. Varenicline versus transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation: Results from a randomised, open-label trial. Thorax 2008, 63:717-724. 10.1136/thx.2007.090647, 2569194, 18263663.
9. West R, Baker CL, Cappelleri JC, Bushmakin AG. Effect of varenicline and bupropion SR on craving, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and rewarding effects of smoking during a quit attempt. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008, 197:371-377.
10. Shiffman S, Ferguson SG. Nicotine patch therapy prior to quitting smoking: a meta-analysis. Addiction 2008, 103:557-563. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02138.x, 18339101.
11. Lindson N, Aveyard P. An updated meta-analysis of nicotine preloading for smoking cessation: investigating mediators of the effect. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011, 214:579-592.
12. Prochaska JJ, Hilton JF. Risk of cardiovascular serious adverse events associated with varenicline use for tobacco cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012, 344:e2856. 10.1136/bmj.e2856, 3344735, 22563098.
13. Health T, Centre SCI. Statistics on NHS Stop Smoking Services: England, April 2010 - March 2011 2011, London: The Information Centre, Lifestyle Statistics.
14. Stapleton JA, Watson L, Spirling LI, Smith R, Milbrandt A, Ratcliffe M, Sutherland G. Varenicline in the routine treatment of tobacco dependence: a pre-post comparison with nicotine replacement therapy and an evaluation in those with mental illness. Addiction 2008, 103:146-154. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02083.x, 18028247.
15. McEwen A, Hajek P, McRobbie H, West R. Manual Of Smoking Cessation: A Guide For Counsellors And Practitioners 2006, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
16. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict 1991, 86:1119-1127. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x, 1932883.
17. West R, Hajek P. Evaluation of the mood and physical symptoms scale (MPSS) to assess cigarette withdrawal. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004, 177:195-199.
18. Fiore MC, Smith SS, Jorenby DE, Baker TB. The effectiveness of the nicotine patch for smoking cessation, A meta-analysis. JAMA 1994, 271:1940-1947. 10.1001/jama.1994.03510480064036, 8201739.
19. McRobbie H, Hajek P. Effects of rapid smoking on post-cessation urges to smoke. Addiction 2007, 102:483-489. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01730.x, 17298657.
20. West R, Hajek P, Stead L, Stapleton J. Outcome criteria in smoking cessation trials: proposal for a common standard. Addiction 2005, 100:299-303. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00995.x, 15733243.
21. Shiffman S, Ferguson SG. The effect of a nicotine patch on cigarette craving over the course of the day: results from two randomized clinical trials. Curr Med Res Opin 2008, 24:2795-2804. 10.1185/03007990802380341, 18727842.
22. Hajek P, West R, Foulds J, Nilsson F, Burrows S, Meadow A. Randomized comparative trial of nicotine polacrilex, a transdermal patch, nasal spray, and an inhaler. Arch Intern Med 1999, 159:2033-2038. 10.1001/archinte.159.17.2033, 10510989.
23. Farley AC, Hajek P, Lycett D, Aveyard P. Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) 2012, 1:CD006219.