Flagging versus dragging as sampling methods for nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)

Journal of Vector Ecology

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 163-167

  Rulison, Eric L ^a,d   Kuczaj, Isis ^b   Pang, Genevieve ^b   Hickling, Graham J ^c   Tsao, Jean I ^b   Ginsberg, Howard S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^d TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY KINGSVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

Dragging; Flagging; Ixodes scapularis; Nymphs

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; IXODES; LYME DISEASE; NYMPH; PHYSIOLOGY; POPULATION DENSITY;

ANIMALS; IXODES; LYME DISEASE; NYMPH; POPULATION DENSITY;

EID: 84878249685     PISSN: 10811710     EISSN: 19487134     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12022.x     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Bouseman, J.K., U. Kitron, C.E. Kirkpatrick, J. Siegel, and K.S. Todd, Jr. 1990. Status of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) in Illinois. J. Med. Entomol. 27: 556-560.
2. Carroll, J.F. and E.T. Schmidtmann 1992. Tick sweep: modification of the tick drag-flag method for sampling nymphs of the deer tick (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 29: 352-355.
3. Diuk-Wasser, M.A., A.G. Gatewood, M.R. Cortinas, S. Yaremych-Hamer, J. Tsao, U. Kitron, G. Hickling, J.S. Brownstein, E. Walker, J. Piesman, and D. Fish 2006. Spatiotemporal patterns of host-seeking Ixodes scapularis nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States. J. Med. Entomol. 43: 166-176.
4. Engeman, R.M., R.T. Sugihara, L.F. Pank, and W.E. Dusenberry 1994. A comparison of plotless density estimators using Monte Carlo simulation. Ecology 75: 1769-1779.
5. Fish, D. 1993. Population ecology of Ixodes dammini. In Ginsberg, H. S. (ed.) Ecology and environmental management of Lyme disease. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ
6. Fourie, L.J., F. van der Lingen, and D.J. Kok 1995. Improvement of field sampling methods for adult Karoo paralysis ticks, Ixodes rubicundus (Acari: Ixodidae), through addition of host odour. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 19: 93-101.
7. Ginsberg, H.S. and C.P. Ewing 1989a. Habitat distribution of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) and Lyme disease spirochetes on Fire Island, NY. J. Med. Entomol. 26: 183-189.
8. Ginsberg, H.S. and C.P. Ewing 1989b. Comparison of flagging, walking, trapping, and collecting from hosts as sampling methods for Northern deer ticks, Ixodes dammini, and Lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 7: 313-322.
9. Ginsberg, H. S., E. Zhioua, S. Mitra, J. Fischer, P. A. Buckley, F. Verret, H. B. Underwood, and F. G. Buckley 2004. Woodland type and spatial distribution of nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). Environ. Entomol. 33: 1266-1273.
10. Goddard J. and J. Piesman 2006. New records of immature Ixodes scapularis from Mississippi. J. Vector Ecol. 31: 421-422.
11. Maupin, G.O., D. Fish, J. Zultowski, E.G. Campos, and J. Piesman 1991. Landscape ecology of Lyme disease in a residential area of Westchester County, New York. Am. J. Epidemiol. 133: 1105-1113.
12. Rohlf, F.J. and D.E. Slice 1999. BIOMstat for Windows, version 3.3. Exeter Software, Setauket, NY
13. Schulze, T.L., R.A. Jordan, and R.W. Hung 1997. Biases associated with several sampling methods used to estimate abundance of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 34: 615-623.
14. rd ed., W. H. Freeman and Co., NY
15. Sonenshine, D. E. 1993. Biology of Ticks, vol. 2. Oxford University Press, NY
16. Tack, W., M. Madder, P. De Frenne, M. Vanhellemont, R. Gruwez, and C. Verheyen 2011. The effects of sampling method and vegetation type on the estimated abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks in forests. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 54: 285-292.
17. Vail, S.G. and G. Smith 1998. Air temperature and relative humidity effects on behavioral activity of blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs in New Jersey. J. Med. Entomol. 35: 1025-1028.
18. Vail, S.G. and G. Smith 2002. Vertical movement and posture of blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs as a function of temperature and relative humidity in laboratory experiments. J. Med. Entomol. 39: 842-846.