Inhibitory control and trait aggression: Neural and behavioral insights using the emotional stop signal task

NeuroImage

Volumn 79, Issue , 2013, Pages 264-274

  Pawliczek, Christina M ^a,d   Derntl, Birgit ^a,d   Kellermann, Thilo ^a,d   Kohn, Nils ^a,d   Gur, Ruben C ^b,c   Habel, Ute ^a,d  

^a RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d JARA TRANSLATIONAL BRAIN MEDICINE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aggression; Anger; FMRI; Impulsivity; Response inhibition; Stop signal task

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGGRESSION; ANGER; ARTICLE; BRAIN REGION; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EMOTION; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE DISPLAY; IMPULSIVENESS; MALE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOTOR CORTEX; NERVE STIMULATION; NEUROIMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STOP SIGNAL TASK; SUPPLEMENTARY MOTOR AREA; TASK PERFORMANCE;

AGGRESSION; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CUES; EMOTIONS; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; NERVE NET; NEURAL INHIBITION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84878249231     PISSN: 10538119     EISSN: 10959572     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.104     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. Adolphs R., Damasio H., Tranel D., Cooper G., Damasio A.R. A role for somatosensory cortices in the visual recognition of emotion as revealed by three dimensional lesion mapping. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:2683-2690.
2. Albert J., López-Martín S., Carretié L. Emotional context modulates response inhibition: neural and behavioral data. NeuroImage 2010, 49:914-921.
3. Albert J., Lopez-Martin S., Tapia M., Montoya D., Carretie L. The role of the anterior cingulate cortex in emotional response inhibition. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2012, 33:2147-2160.
4. Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) 2008, Deutsche Version, Goettingen. G.W. Alpers, H. Eisenbarth (Eds.).
5. Aron A. The neural basis of inhibition in cognitive control. Neuroscientist 2007, 13:214-228.
6. Aron A.R. From reactive to proactive and selective control: developing a richer model for stopping inappropriate responses. Biol. Psychiatry 2011, 69:e55-e68.
7. Aron A., Poldrack R. Cortical and subcortical contributions to stop signal response inhibition: role of the subthalamic nucleus. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:2424-2433.
8. Aron A., Fletcher P., Bullmore E., Sahakian B., Robbins T. Stop-signal inhibition disrupted by damage to right inferior frontal gyrus in humans. Nat. Neurosci. 2003, 6:115-116.
9. Aron A.R., Durston S., Eagle D.M., Logan G.D., Stinear C.M., Stuphorn V. Converging evidence for a fronto-basal-ganglia network for inhibitory control of action and cognition. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:11860-11864.
10. Asahi S., Okamoto Y., Okada G., Yamawaki S., Yokota N. Negative correlation between right prefrontal activity during response inhibition and impulsiveness: a fMRI study. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2004, 254:245-251.
11. Avila C., Parcet M. Personality and inhibitory deficits in the stop-signal task: the mediating role of Gray's anxiety and impulsivity. Personal. Individ. Differ. 2001, 31:975-986.
12. Band G., Molen M., Logan G. Horse-race model simulations of the stop-signal procedure. Acta Psychol. 2003, 112:105-142.
13. Barratt E.S., Stanford M.S., Dowdy L., Liebman M.J., Kent T.A. Impulsive and premeditated aggression: a factor analysis of self-reported acts. Psychiatry Res. 1999, 86:163-173.
14. Beaton E.A., Schmidt L.A., Schulkin J., Hall G.B. Neural correlates of implicit processing of facial emotions in shy adults. Personal. Individ. Differ. 2010, 49:755-761.
15. Bennett C.M., Miller M.B. How reliable are the results from functional magnetic resonance imaging?. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2010, 1191:133-155.
16. Benning S.D., Patrick C.J., Blonigen D.M., Hicks B.M., Iacono W.G. Estimating facets of psychopathy from normal personality traits: a step toward community-epidemiological investigations. Assessment 2005, 12:3-18.
17. Berkman E., Burklund L., Lieberman M. Inhibitory spillover: intentional motor inhibition produces incidental limbic inhibition via right inferior frontal cortex. NeuroImage 2009, 47:705-712.
18. Blair R.J.R. Neuroimaging of psychopathy and antisocial behavior: a targeted review. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 2010, 12:76-82.
19. Boehler C., Münte T., Krebs R., Heinze H., Schoenfeld M., Hopf J. Sensory MEG responses predict successful and failed inhibition in a stop-signal task. Cereb. Cortex 2009, 19:134-145.
20. Boehler C., Appelbaum L., Krebs R.M., Hopf J., Woldorff M. Pinning down response inhibition in the brain - conjunction analyses of the stop-signal task. NeuroImage 2010, 52:1621-1632.
21. Buss A.H., Perry M. The aggression questionnaire. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 1992, 63:452-459.
22. Cai W., George J.S., Verbruggen F., Chambers C.D., Aron A.R. The role of the right presupplementary motor area in stopping action: two studies with event-related transcranial magnetic stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 2012, 108:380-389.
23. Carre J.M., Fisher P.M., Manuck S.B., Hariri A.R. Interaction between trait anxiety and trait anger predict amygdala reactivity to angry facial expressions in men but not women. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 2010, 2:213-221.
24. Chambers C., Garavan H., Bellgrove M. Insights into the neural basis of response inhibition from cognitive and clinical neuroscience. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2009, 33:631-646.
25. Chao H., Luo X., Chang J., Li C. Activation of the pre-supplementary motor area but not inferior prefrontal cortex in association with short stop signal reaction time - an intra-subject analysis. BMC Neurosci. 2009, 10:75.
26. Chen C., Muggleton N., Juan C., Tzeng O., Hung D. Time pressure leads to inhibitory control deficits in impulsive violent offenders. Behav. Brain Res. 2007, 187:483-488.
27. Chen C.-Y., Muggleton N.G., Tzeng O.J.L., Hung D.I., Juan C.-H. Control of prepotent responses by the superior medial frontal cortex. NeuroImage 2009, 44:537-545.
28. Chevrier A., Noseworthy M., Schachar R. Dissociation of response inhibition and performance monitoring in the stop signal task using event-related fMRI. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2007, 28:1347-1358.
29. Coccaro E.F., McCloskey M.S., Fitzgerald D.A., Phan K.L. Amygdala and orbitofrontal reactivity to social threat in individuals with impulsive aggression. Biol. Psychiatry 2007, 62:168-178.
30. Coccaro E.F., Sripada C.S., Yanowitch R.N., Phan K.L. Corticolimbic function in impulsive aggressive behavior. Biol. Psychiatry 2011, 69:1153-1159.
31. Cox R.W. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Comput. Biomed. Res. 1996, 29:162-173.
32. Critchley H., Daly E., Philllips M., Brammer M., Bullmore E., Williams S., van Amelsvoort T., Robertson D., David A., Murphy D. Explicit and implicit neural mechanisms for processing of social information from facial expressions: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2000, 9:93-105.
33. Desseilles M., Balteau E., Sterpenich V., Dang-Vu T.T., Darsaud A., Vandewalle G., Albouy G., Salmon E., Peters F., Schmidt C., Schabus M., Gais S., Degueldre C., Phillips C., Luxen A., Ansseau M., Maquet P., Schwartz S. Abnormal neural filtering of irrelevant visual information in depression. J. Neurosci. 2009, 5:1395-1403.
34. Dimberg U., Thunberg M., Elmehed K. Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions. Psychol. Sci. 2000, 11:86-89.
35. Dimoska A., Johnstone S. Effects of varying stop-signal probability on ERPs in the stop-signal task: do they reflect variations in inhibitory processing or simply novelty effects?. Biol. Psychol. 2008, 77:324-336.
36. Eickhoff S.B., Stephan K.E., Mohlberg H., Grefkes C., Fink G.R., Amunts K., Zilles K. A new SPM toolbox for combining probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps and functional imaging data. NeuroImage 2005, 25:1325-1335.
37. Eickhoff S.B., Bzdok D., Laird A.R., Roski C., Caspers S., Zilles K., Fox P.T. Co-activation patterns distinguish cortical modules, their connectivity and functional differentiation. NeuroImage 2011, 57:938-949.
38. Farr O.M., Hu S., Zhang S., Li C.-s.R. Decreased saliency processing as neural measure of Barratt impulsivity in healthy adults. NeuroImage 2012, 63:1070-1077.
39. Fossati A., Di Ceglie A., Acquarini E., Barratt E.S. Psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) in nonclinical subjects. J. Clin. Psychol. 2001, 57:815-828.
40. Fossati A., Barratt B., Carretta I., Leonardi B., Grazioli F., Maffei C. Predicting borderline and antisocial personality disorder features in nonclinical subjects using measures of impulsivity and aggressiveness. Psychiatry Res. 2004, 125:161-170.
41. Fusar-Poli P., Placentino A., Carletti F., Landi P., Allen P., Surguladze S., Benedetti F., Abbamonte M., Gasparotti R., Barale F., Perez G., McGuire P., Politi P. Functional atlas of emotional face processing: a voxel-based meta-analysis of 105 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2009, 34:418-432.
42. Gansler D., Lee A., Emerton B., D'Amato C., Bhadelia R., Jerram M., Fulwiler C. Prefrontal regional correlates of self-control in male psychiatric patients: impulsivity facets and aggression. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging 2011, 191:16-23.
43. Goldstein M., Brendel G., Tuescher O., Pan H., Epstein J., Beutel M., Yang Y., Thomas K., Levy K., Silverman M., Clarkin J., Posner M., Kernberg O., Stern E., Silbersweig D. Neural substrates of the interaction of emotional stimulus processing and motor inhibitory control: an emotional linguistic go/no-go fMRI study. NeuroImage 2007, 36:1026-1040.
44. Gordon H.L., Baird A.A., End A. Functional differences among those high and low on a trait measure of psychopathy. Biol. Psychiatry 2004, 56:516-521.
45. Gur R.C., Sara R., Hagendoorn M., Marom O., Hughett P., Macy L., Turner T., Bajcsy R., Posner A., Gur R.E. A method for obtaining 3-dimensional facial expressions and its standardization for use in neurocognitive studies. J. Neurosci. Methods 2002, 115:137-143.
46. Hajcak G., Molnar C., George M., Bolger K., Koola J., Nahas Z. Emotion facilitates action: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study of motor cortex excitability during picture viewing. Psychophysiology 2007, 44:91-97.
47. Hampshire A., Chamberlain S., Monti M., Duncan J., Owen A. The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus: inhibition and attentional control. NeuroImage 2010, 50:1313-1319.
48. Hare T.A., Tottenham N., Davidson M.C., Glover G.H., Casey B.J. Contributions of amygdala and striatal activity in emotion regulation. Biol. Psychiatry 2005, 57:624-632.
49. Herbert C., Suetterlin S. Response inhibition and memory retrieval of emotional target words: evidence from an emotional stop-signal task. J. Behav. Brain Sci. 2011, 1:153-159.
50. Houston R.J., Stanford M.S., Villemarette-Pittman N.R., Conklin S.M., Helfritz L.E. Neurobiological correlates and clinical implications of aggressive subtypes. J. Forensic Neuropsychol. 2003, 3:67-87.
51. Hsu T.-Y., Tseng L.Y., Yu J.X., Kuo W.J., Hung D.I., Tzeng O.J.L., Walsh V., Muggleton N.G., Juan C.-H. Modulating inhibitory control with direct current stimulation of the superior medial frontal cortex. NeuroImage 2011, 56:2249-2257.
52. Hu S., Li C. Neural processes of preparatory control for stop signal inhibition. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2012, 33:2785-2796.
53. Jackson M.C., Wolf C., Johnston S.J., Raymond J.E., Linden D.E.J. Neural correlates of enhanced visual short-term memory for angry faces: an fMRI study. PLoS One 2008, 3:e3536.
54. Jacob G., Gutz L., Bader K., Lieb K., Tüscher O., Stahl C. Impulsivity in borderline personality disorder: impairment in self-report measures, but not behavioral inhibition. Psychopathology 2010, 43:180-188.
55. Jones A.P., Laurens K.R., Herba C.M., Barker G.J., Viding E. Amygdala hypoactivity to fearful faces in boys with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Am. J. Psychiatry 2009, 166:95-102.
56. Kanwisher N., Yovel G. The fusiform face area: a cortical region specialized for the perception of faces. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2006, 361:2109-2128.
57. Kesler-West M.L., Andersen A.H., Smith C.D., Avison M.J., Davis C.E., et al. Neural substrates of facial emotion processing using fMRI. Cogn. Brain Res. 2001, 11.
58. Lampe K., Konrad K., Kroener S., Fast K., Kunert H.J., Herpertz S.C. Neuropsychological and behavioural disinhibition in adult ADHD compared to borderline personality disorder. Psychol. Med. 2007, 37:1717-1729.
59. Lancaster J.L., Rainey L.H., Summerlin J.L., Freitas C.S., Fox P.T., Evans A.C., Toga A.W., Mazziotta J.C. Automated labeling of the human brain: a preliminary report on the development and evaluation of a forward-transform method. Hum. Brain Mapp. 1997, 5:238-242.
60. Lancaster J.L., Woldorff M.G., Parsons L.M., Liotti M., Freitas C.S., Rainey L., Kochunov P.V., Nickerson D., Mikiten S.A., Fox P.T. Automated Talairach Atlas labels for functional brain mapping. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2000, 10:120-131.
61. Lansbergen M., Böcker K., Bekker E., Kenemans J. Neural correlates of stopping and self-reported impulsivity. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2007, 118:2089-2103.
62. Lawrence A.J., Luty J., Bogdan N.A., Sahakian B.J., Clark L. Impulsivity and response inhibition in alcohol dependence and problem gambling. Psychopharmacology 2009, 207:163-172.
63. Lehrl S., Triebig G., Fischer B. Multiple choice vocabulary test MWT as a valid and short test to estimate premorbid intelligence. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1995, 91:335-345.
64. Li C., Huang C., Constable T., Sinha R. Imaging response inhibition in a stop-signal task: neural correlates independent of signal monitoring and post-response processing. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:186-192.
65. Li C., Yan P., Sinha R., Lee T. Sub-cortical processes of motor response inhibition during a stop signal task. NeuroImage 2008, 41:1352-1363.
66. Li C., Zhang S., Duann J., Yan P., Sinha R., Mazure C. Gender differences in cognitive control: an extended investigation of the stop signal task. Brain Imaging Behav. 2009, 3:262-276.
67. Liddell B.J., Williams L.M., Rathjen J., Shevrin H., Gordon E. A temporal dissociation of subliminal versus supraliminal fear perception: an event-related potential study. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2004, 16:479-486.
68. Lijffijt M., Bekker E., Quik E., Bakker J., Kenemans J., Verbaten M. Differences between low and high trait impulsivity are not associated with differences in inhibitory motor control. J. Atten. Disord. 2004, 8:25-32.
69. Lilienfeld S.O., Andrews B.P. Development and preliminary validation of a self-report measure of psychopathic personality traits in noncriminal populations. J. Pers. Assess. 1996, 66:488-524.
70. Logan G., Cowan W. On the ability to inhibit thought and action: a theory of an act of control. Psychol. Rev. 1984, 91:295-327.
71. Logan G.D., Cowan W.B., Davis K.A. On the ability to inhibit simple and choice reaction time responses: a model and a method. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 1984, 10:276-291.
72. Logan G.D., Schachar R.J., Tannock R. Impulsivity and inhibitory control. Psychol. Sci. 1997, 8:60-64.
73. Marsh D., Dougherty D., Mathias C., Moeller G., Hicks L. Comparisons of women with high and low trait impulsivity using behavioral models of response-disinhibition and reward-choice. Personal. Individ. Differ. 2002, 33:1291-1310.
74. Moeller G., Barratt E., Dougherty D., Schmitz J., Swann A. Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. Am. J. Psychiatry 2001, 158:1783-1793.
75. Mueller J.L., Sommer M., Wagner V., Lange K., Taschler H., Roder C.H., Schuierer G., Klein H.E., Hajak G. Abnormalities in emotion processing within cortical and subcortical regions in criminal psychopaths: evidence from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using pictures with emotional content. Biol. Psychiatry 2003, 54:152-162.
76. Mueller J.L., Sommer M., Doehnel K., Weber T., Schmidt-Wilke T., Hajak G. Disturbed prefrontal and temporal brain function during emotion and cognition interaction in criminal psychopathy. Behav. Sci. Law 2008, 26:131-150.
77. Nachev P., Kennard C., Husain M. Functional role of the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas. Nature 2008, 9:856-859.
78. Netter P., Hennig J., Rohrmann S., Wyhlidal K., Hain-Hermann M. Modification of experimentally induced aggression by temperament dimensions. Personal. Individ. Differ. 1998, 25:873-887.
79. New A.S., Hazlett E.A., Newmark R.E., Zhang J., Triebwasser J., Meyerson D., Lazarus S., Trisdorfer R., Goldstein K.E., Goodman M., Koenigsberg H.W., Flory J.D., Siever L.J., Buchsman M.S. Laboratory induced aggression: a positron emission tomography study of aggressive individuals with borderline personality disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 66:1107-1114.
80. Niedenthal P.M. Embodying emotion. Science 2007, 316:1002-1005.
81. Niedenthal P.M., Maringer M. Embodied emotion considered. Emot. Rev. 2009, 1:122-128.
82. Oliveri M., Babiloni C., Filippi M.M., Caltagirone C., Babiloni F., Cicinelli P., Traversa R., Palmieri M.G., Rossini P.M. Influence of the supplementary motor area on primary motor cortex excitability during movements triggered by neutral or emotionally unpleasant visual cues. Exp. Brain Res. 2003, 149:214-221.
83. Patton J.H., Stanford M.S., Barratt E.S. Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. J. Clin. Psychol. 1995, 51:768-774.
84. Pessoa L., Padmala S., Kenzer A., Bauer A. Interactions between cognition and emotion during response inhibition. Emotion 2012, 12:192-197.
85. Preuss U., Rujescu D., Giegling I., Watzke S., Koller G., Zetzsche T., Meisenzahl E., Soyka M., Möller H. Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschsprachigen Version der Barratt-Impulsiveness-Skala. Nervenarzt 2008, 3:305-319.
86. Raine A., Buchsbaum M.S., Stanley J., Lottenberg S., Abel L., Stoddard J. Selective reductions in prefrontal glucose metabolism in murderers. Biol. Psychiatry 1994, 36:365-373.
87. Raine A., Meloy J.R., Bihrle S., Stoddard J., LaCasse L., Buchsbaum M.S. Reduced prefrontal and increased subcortical brain functioning assessed using positron emission tomography in predatory and affective murderers. Behav. Sci. Law 1998, 16:319-322.
88. Ramautar J., Slagter H., Kok A., Ridderinkhof R. Probability effects in the stop-signal paradigm: the insula and the significance of failed inhibition. Brain Res. 2006, 1105:143-154.
89. Reinders A.A.T.S., Glaescher J., de Jong J.R., Willemsen A.T.M., den Boer J.A., Buechel C. Detecting fearful and neutral faces: BOLD latency differences in amygdala-hippocampal junction. NeuroImage 2006, 33:805-814.
90. Reitan R.M., Wolfson D. The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery 1985, Neuropsychology Press, Tucson.
91. Rilling J.K., Glenn A.L., Jairam M.R., Pagnoni G., Goldsmith D.R., Elfenbein H.A., Lilienfeld S.O. Neural correlates of social cooperation and non-cooperation as a function of psychopathy. Biol. Psychiatry 2007, 61:1260-1271.
92. Rodriguez-Fornells A., Lorenzo-Seva U., Andre's-Pueyo A. Are high-impulsive and high risk-taking people more motor disinhibited in the presence of incentive?. Personal. Individ. Differ. 2002, 32:661-683.
93. Romeo R., Knapp M., Scott S. Economic cost of severe antisocial behaviour in children - and who pays it. Br. J. Psychiatry 2006, 188:547-553.
94. Rubia K., Smith A., Brammer M., Taylor E. Right inferior prefrontal cortex mediates response inhibition while mesial prefrontal cortex is responsible for error detection. NeuroImage 2003, 20:351-358.
95. Rubia K., Smith A.B., Taylor E., Brammer M. Linear age-correlated functional development of right inferior fronto-striato-cerebellar networks during response inhibition and anterior cingulate during error-related processes. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2007, 28:1163-1177.
96. Sagaspe P., Schwartz S., Vuilleumier P. Fear and stop: a role for the amygdala in motor inhibition by emotional signals. NeuroImage 2011, 55:1825-1835.
97. Schilling C., Kuehn S., Romanowski A., Schubert F., Kathmann N., Gallinat J. Cortical thickness correlates with impulsiveness in healthy adults. NeuroImage 2012, 59:824-830.
98. Schneider F., Habel U., Kessler C., Posse C., Grodd W., Muller-Gartner H.W. Functional imaging of conditioned aversive emotional response in antisocial personality disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2000, 42:192-201.
99. Schulz K.P., Clerkin S.M., Halperin J.M., Newcorn J.H., Tang C.Y., Fan J. Dissociable neural effects of stimulus valence and preceding context during the inhibition of responses to emotional faces. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2009, 30:2821-2833.
100. Schwartz S., Ponz A., Poryazova R., Werth E., Boesiger P., Khatami R., Bassett C.L. Abnormal activity in hypothalamus and amygdala during humor processing in human narcolepsy with cataplexy. Brain 2007, 131:514-522.
101. Schwartz D.L., Mitchell A.D., Lahna D.L., Luber H.S., Huckans M.S., Mitchell S.H., Hoffman W.F. Global and local morphometric differences in recently abstinent methamphetamine-dependent individuals. NeuroImage 2010, 59:824-830.
102. Sebastian C.L., McCrory E.J.P., Cecil C.A.M., Lockwood P.L., De Brito S.A., Fontaine N.M., Viding E. Neural responses to affective and cognitive theory of mind in children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous-unemotional traits. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2012, 69:814-822.
103. Shafritz K., Collins S., Blumberg H. The interaction of emotional and cognitive neural systems in emotionally guided response inhibition. NeuroImage 2006, 31:468-475.
104. Sharp D., Bonnellea V., De Boissezonc X., Beckmanna F., Jamesg S., Patelh M., Mehta M. Distinct frontal systems for response inhibition, attentional capture, and error processing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2010, 107:6106-6111.
105. Simmonds D.J., Pekar J.J., Mostofsky S.H. Meta-analysis of go/no-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task dependent. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46:224-232.
106. Smith P., Waterman M., Ward N. Driving aggression in forensic and nonforensic populations: relationships to self-reported levels of aggression, anger and impulsivity. Br. J. Psychol. 2006, 97:387-403.
107. Spoont M.R., Kuskowski M., Pardo J.V. Autobiographical memories of anger in violent and non-violent individuals: a script-driven imagery study. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging 2010, 183:225-229.
108. Sprengelmeyer R., Rausch M., Eysel U.T., Przuntek H. Neural structures associated with recognition of facial expressions of basic emotions. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1998, 265:1927-1931.
109. Stanford M.S., Mathias C.W., Dougherty D.M., Lake S.L., Anderson N.E., Patton J.H. Fifty years of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: an update and review. Personal. Individ. Differ. 2009, 47:385-395.
110. Strauss M.M., Makris N., Aharon I., Vangel M.G., Goodman J., Kennedy D.N., Gasic G.P., Breiter H.C. fMRI of sensitization to angry faces. NeuroImage 2005, 26:389-413.
111. Swann A., Lijffijt M., Lane S., Steinberg J., Moeller G. Trait impulsivity and response inhibition in antisocial personality disorder. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2009, 43:1057-1063.
112. Verbruggen F., Houwer J. Do emotional stimuli interfere with response inhibition? Evidence from the stop signal paradigm. Cogn. Emot. 2007, 21:391-403.
113. Verbruggen F., Logan G. Response inhibition in the stop-signal paradigm. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2008, 12:418-424.
114. Vigil-Colet A., Codorniu-Raga M. Aggression and inhibition deficits, the role of functional and dysfunctional impulsivity. Personal. Individ. Differ. 2004, 37:1431-1440.
115. Vul E., Harris C., Einkielman P., Pashler H. Puzzlingly high correlations in fMRI studies on emotion, personality, and social cognition. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 2009, 4:274-290.
116. Wang M., Yi J., Cai L., Hu M., Zhu X., Yao S., Auerbach R.P. Development and psychometric properties of the health-risk behavior inventory for Chinese adolescents. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 2012, 12:94-102.
117. Ward B. Deconvolution analysis of fMRI time series data. AFNI 3dDeconvolve Documentation, Medical College of Wisconsin 2000, (doi:http://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/doc/manual/Deconvolvem.pdf).
118. Whalen P.J., Shin L.M., McInerney S.C., Fischer H., Wright C.I., Rauch S.L. A functional MRI study of human amygdala responses to facial expressions of fear versus anger. Emotion 2001, 1:70-83.
119. Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM-IV 1997, Hogrefe, Goettingen. H.U. Wittchen, M. Zaudig, T. Fydrich (Eds.).
120. Yang Y., Raine A. Prefrontal structural and functional brain imaging findings in antisocial, violent and psychopathic individuals: a meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2009, 174:81-88.
121. Yao S., Yang H., Zhu X., Auerbach R.P., Abela J.R., Pulleyblank R.W., Tong X. An examination of the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Percept. Mot. Ski. 2007, 104:1169-1182.