Experimental 4D-var assimilation of SYNOP rain gauge data at ECMWF

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 141, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1527-1544

  Lopez, Philippe ^a  

^a EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC LEVELS; CONTROL EXPERIMENTS; FOUR-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; LOWER RESOLUTION; OBSERVATION ERRORS; SURFACE PRECIPITATION; SURFACE PRESSURES; TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION;

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; DATA PROCESSING; EXPERIMENTS; FORECASTING; GAGES; HUMIDITY CONTROL; VALUE ENGINEERING;

RAIN GAGES;

AIR TEMPERATURE; CLOUD; DATA ASSIMILATION; GEOPOTENTIAL; HUMIDITY; INFRARED IMAGERY; METEOSAT; PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; RAINGAUGE; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY; WEATHER FORECASTING; WIND;

EID: 84878194625     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: 15200493     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00024.1     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Andersson, E., and H. Järvinen, 1999: Variational quality control. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 697-722.
2. Bauer, P., A. J. Geer, P. Lopez, and D. Salmond, 2010: Direct 4DVar assimilation of all-sky radiances. Part I: Implementation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 1868-1885.
3. Benedetti, A., and M. Janisková , 2008: Assimilation of MODIS cloud optical depths in the ECMWF model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 1727-1746.
4. Benedetti, A., P. Lopez, P. Bauer, and E. Moreau, 2005: Experimental use of TRMM precipitation radar observations in 1D14D-Var assimilation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2473-2495.
5. Bras, R. L., and I. Rodríguez-Iturbe, 1993: Random Functions and Hydrology. Dover Publications, 559 pp.
6. Caumont, O., V. Ducrocq, E.Wattrelot, G. Jaubert, and S. Pradier-Vabre, 2010: 1D13D-Var assimilation of radar reflectivity data: A proof of concept. Tellus, 62A, 173-187.
7. Caya, A., J. Sun, and C. Snyder, 2005: A comparison between the 4DVAR and the ensemble Kalman filter techniques for radar data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3081-3094.
8. Ciach, G. J., 2003: Local random errors in tipping-bucket rain gauge measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 752-759.
9. Courtier, P., J.-N. Thépaut, and A. Hollingsworth, 1994:Astrategy for operational implementation of 4D-Var using an incremental approach. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 1367- 1388.
10. Dee, D. P., and S. Uppala, 2009: Variational bias correction of satellite radiance data in the ERA-Interim reanalysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 1830-1841.
11. Ducrocq, V., D. Ricard, J.-P. Lafore, and F. Orain, 2002: Stormscale numerical rainfall prediction for five precipitating events over France: On the importance of the initial humidity field. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 1236-1256.
12. Fisher, M., 2004: Generalized frames on the sphere, with application to the background error covariance modelling. Proc. ECMWF Seminar on Recent Developments in Numerical Methods for Atmospheric and Ocean Modelling, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 87-102.
13. Folland, C. K., 1988: Numerical models of the raingauge exposure problem, field experiments and an improved collector design. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 1485-1516.
14. Geer, A. J., and P. Bauer, 2011: Observation errors in all-sky data assimilation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 2024-2037.
15. Geer, A. J., and P. Bauer, and P. Lopez, 2010: Direct 4D-Var assimilation of allsky radiances. Part II: Assessment. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 1886-1905.
16. Ide, K., P. Courtier, M. Ghil, and A. C. Lorenc, 1997: Unified notation for data assimilation: Operational, sequential and variational. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 75, 181-189.
17. Janisková , M., J.-F. Mahfouf, J.-J. Morcrette, and F. Chevallier, 2002: Linearized radiation and cloud schemes in the ECMWF model: Development and evaluation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 1505-1527.
18. Janisková , M., P. Lopez, and P. Bauer, 2012: Experimental 1D14D-Var assimilation of CloudSat observations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 138, 1196-1220, doi:10.1002/qj.988.
19. Kelly, G. A., P. Bauer, A. J. Geer, P. Lopez, and J.-N. Thépaut, 2008: Impact of SSM/I observations sensitive to moisture, clouds, and precipitation on global NWP forecast skill. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 2713-2726.
20. Lin, X., S. Q. Zhang, and A. Y. Hou, 2007: Variational assimilation of global microwave rainfall retrievals: Physical and dynamical impact on GEOS analyses. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2931-2957.
21. Lopez, P., 2011: Direct 4D-Var assimilation of NCEP stage IV radar and gauge precipitation data at ECMWF. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 2098-2116.
22. Lopez, P., and E. Moreau, 2005: A convection scheme for data assimilation: Description and initial tests. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 409-436.
23. Lopez, P., and P. Bauer, 2007: "1D+4D-Var" assimilation of NCEP stage IV radar and gauge hourly precipitation data at ECMWF. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2506-2524.
24. Lopez, P., G.-H. Ryu, B.-J. Sohn, L. Davies, C. Jakob, and P. Bauer, 2011: Specification of rain gauge representativity error for data assimilation. Tech. Rep. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 647, ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, 22 pp.
25. Macpherson, B., 2001: Operational experience with assimilation of rainfall data in the Met.Office mesoscale model. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 76, 3-8.
26. Mahfouf, J.-F., 1999: Influence of physical processes on the tangentlinear approximation. Tellus, 51A, 147-166.
27. Mahfouf, J.-F., B. Brasnett, and S. Gagnon, 2007: A Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPa) Project: Description and preliminary results. Atmos.-Ocean, 45, 1-17.
28. Marécal, V., and J.-F. Mahfouf, 2003: Experiments on 4D-Var assimilation of rainfall data using an incremental formulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 3137-3160.
29. Matricardi, M., 2005: The inclusion of aerosols and clouds in RTIASI, the ECMWF fast radiative transfer model for the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer. Tech. Rep. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 474, ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, 53 pp.
30. Matricardi, M., F. Chevallier,G. Kelly, and J.-N. Thépaut, 2004:An improved general fast radiative transfer model for the assimilation of radiance observations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 153-173.
31. Nešpor, V., and B. Sevruk, 1999: Estimation of wind-induced error of rainfall gauge measurements using a numerical simulation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 450-464.
32. Orr, A., P. Bechtold, J. Scinoccia, M. Ern, and M. Janisková , 2010: Improved middle atmosphere climate and analysis in the ECMWF forecasting system through a nonorographic gravity wave parametrization. J. Climate, 23, 5905-5926.
33. Rabier, F., 2005: Overview of global data assimilation developments in numerical weather prediction centres. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 3215-3233.
34. Sevruk, B., 1974a: Evaporation losses from containers of Hellmann precipitation gauges. Hydrol. Sci. Bull., XIX, 231-236.
35. Sevruk, B., 1974b: Correction for the wetting loss of a Hellmann precipitation gauge. Hydrol. Sci. Bull., XIX, 549-559.
36. Sevruk, B., and S. Klemm, 1989: Catalogue of national standard precipitation gauges. Tech. Rep. WMO, Instruments and Observing Methods, Rep. 39, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland, 50 pp.
37. Tompkins,A. M., and M. Janisková , 2004:Acloud scheme for data assimilation: Description and initial tests. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 2495-2518.
38. Tong, M., and M. Xue, 2005: Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of Doppler radar data with a compressible nonhydrostatic model: OSS experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 1789-1807.
39. Treadon, R. E., H.-L. Pan, W.-S. Wu, Y. Lin, W. S. Olson, and R. J. Kuligowski, 2002: Global and regional moisture analyses at NCEP. Proc. ECMWF Workshop on Humidity Analysis, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 33-47.
40. Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 Re-Analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012.
41. Vukicevic, T., M. Sengupta, A. S. Jones, and T. V. Haar, 2006: Cloud-resolving satellite data assimilation: Information content of IR window observations and uncertainties in estimation. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 901-919.
42. Yang, D., B. E. Goodison, J. R. Metcalfe, V. S. Golubev, R. Bates, T. Pangburn, and C. L. Hanson, 1998: Accuracy of NWS 8" standard nonrecording precipitation gauge: Results and application of WMO intercomparison. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 54-68.
43. Zou, X., and Y.-H. Kuo, 1996: Rainfall assimilation through an optimal control of initial and boundary conditions in a limitedarea mesoscale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2859-2882.
44. Zupanski, D., and F. Mesinger, 1995: Four-dimensional variational data assimilation of precipitation data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1112-1127.