Experimental 1D + 4D-Var assimilation of CloudSat observations

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 138, Issue 666, 2012, Pages 1196-1220

  Janiskova M ^a   Lopez, P ^a   Bauer, P ^a  

^a EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cloud radar; Observation operator; Variational technique

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE INSTRUMENTS; CALIPSO; CLOUD RADAR; CLOUDSAT; DATA ASSIMILATION; EARTHCARE; NEW SATELLITES; OBSERVATION OPERATOR; PARAMETRIZATIONS; SPACE-BORNE; SPECIFIC HUMIDITY; THREE-DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION; TWO-STEP APPROACH; VAR ANALYSIS;

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; CLOUDS; DATA PROCESSING; VARIATIONAL TECHNIQUES;

VALUE ENGINEERING;

CALIPSO; CLOUD; CLOUDSAT; DATA ASSIMILATION; HUMIDITY; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; TEMPERATURE PROFILE;

EID: 84864282318     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: 1477870X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.988     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Baldwin ME, Mitchell KE. 1996. 'The NCEP hourly multi-sensor US precipitation analysis'. In Preprints 11th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Norfolk, VA (USA), 19-23 August 1996, Amer. Meteor. Soc. J. 95-J96.
2. Bauer P, Lopez P, Benedetti A, Salmond D, Moreau E. 2006. Implementation of 1D + 4D-Var assimilation of precipitation-affected microwave radiances at ECMWF. I: 1D-Var. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 132: 2277-2306.
3. Bauer P, Lopez P, Salmond D, Benedetti A, Saarinen S, Bonazzola M. 2006. Implementation of 1D + 4D-Var assimilation of precipitation-affected microwave radiances at ECMWF. II: 4D-Var. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 132: 2307-2332.
4. Bauer P, Geer AJ, Lopez P, Salmond D. 2010. Direct 4D-Var assimilation of all-sky radiances. I: Implementation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 136: 1868-1885.
5. Bayler GM, Aune RM, Raymond WH. 2000. NWP cloud initialization using GOES sounder data and improved modeling of nonprecipitating clouds. Mon. Weather Rev. 128: 3911-3920.
6. Benedetti A, Janisková M. 2004. In Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation, Bologna, Italy, 2004; International Commission on Clouds and Precipitation, Volume 3, 1461-1464.
7. Benedetti A, Janisková M. 2008. Assimilation of MODIS cloud optical depths in the ECMWF model. Mon. Weather Rev. 136: 1727-1746.
8. Benedetti A, Stephens GL, Vukićević T. 2003a. Variational assimilation of radar reflectivities in a cirrus model. Part I: Model description and adjoint sensitivity studies. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 129: 277-300.
9. Benedetti A, Stephens GL, Vukićević T. 2003b. Variational assimilation of radar reflectivities in a cirrus model. Part II: Optimal initialization and model bias estimation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 129 301-319.
10. Benedetti A, Lopez P, Bauer P, Moreau E. 2006. Experimental use of TRMM precipitation radar observations in 1D + 4D-Var assimilation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 131: 2473-2495.
11. Chevallier F, Lopez P, Tompkins AM, Janisková M, Moreau E. 2004. The capability of 4D-Var systems to assimilate cloud-affected satellite infrared radiances. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 130: 917-932.
12. Courtier P, Thépaut JN, Hollingsworth A. 1994. A strategy for operational implementation of 4D-Var, using an incremental approach. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 120: 1367-1387.
13. Di Michele S, Stiller O, Forbes R. 2009. 'Forward operator developments-Errors and biases in representativity', Contract report to the European Space Agency on Project QuARL (Quantitative Assessment of the Operational Value of Space-Borne Radar and Lidar Measurements of Cloud and Aerosol Profile, 21613/08/NL/CB; ECMWF: Reading, UK, 57pp.
14. Eyre JR, Kelly GA, McNally AP, Andersson E, Persson A. 1993. Assimilation of TOVS radiance information through one-dimensional variational analysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 119: 1427-1463.
15. Fisher M. 2004. 'Generalized frames on the sphere, with application to the background-error covariance modelling'. In Proceedings of the ECMWF Seminar on recent developments in numerical methods for atmospheric and ocean modelling, 6-10 September 2004. ECMWF: Reading, UK; pp 87-102.
16. Fulton RA, Breidenbach JP, Seo DJ, Miller DA, O'Bannon T. 1998. The WSR-88D rainfall algorithm. Weather and Forecasting 13 377-395.
17. Gauthier P, Thépaut J-N. 2001. Impact of the digital filters as a weak constraint in the preoperational 4D-Var assimilation system of Météo-France. Mon. Weather Rev. 129: 2089-2102.
18. Gérard E, Saunders RW. 1999. Four-dimensional assimilation of Special Sensor Microwave/Imager total column water vapor in the ECMWF model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 125: 3077-3101.
19. Gilbert J-C, Lemaréchal C. 1989. Some numerical experiments with variable-storage quasi-Newton algorithms. Math. Programming 45: 407-435.
20. Janisková M. 2004. 'Impact of EarthCARE products on Numerical Weather Prediction', Contract report to the European Space Agency 15740/01/NL/GS; ECMWF: Reading, UK, 59pp.
21. Janisková M. 2010. 'Experimental assimilation of radar measurements', Contract report to the European Space Agency 21613/08/NL/CB; ECMWF: Reading, UK, 36pp.
22. Janisková M, Stiller O. 2010. 'Development of strategies for radar and lidar data assimilation', Contract report to the European Space Agency 21613/08/NL/CB; ECMWF: Reading, UK, 61pp.
23. Janisková M, Mahfouf J-F, Morcrette J-J, Chevallier F. 2002a. Linearized radiation and cloud schemes in the ECMWF model: Development and evaluation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 128: 1505-1527.
24. Janisková M, Mahfouf J-F, Morcrette J-J. 2002b. Preliminary studies on the variational assimilation of cloud-radiation observations. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 128: 2713-2736.
25. Lipton AE, Modica GD. 1999. Assimilation of visible-band satellite data for mesoscale forecasting in cloudy conditions. Mon. Weather Rev. 127: 265-278.
26. Lopez P, Bauer P. 2007. '1D+4D-Var' assimilation of NCEP Stage IV radar and gauge hourly precipitation data at ECMWF. Mon. Weather Rev. 135: 2506-2524.
27. Lopez P, Moreau E. 2005. A convection scheme for data assimilation: Description and initial tests. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 131: 409-436.
28. Lopez P, Benedetti A, Bauer P, Janisková M, Köhler M. 2006. Experimental 2D-Var assimilation of ARM cloud and precipitation observations. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 132: 1325-1347.
29. Macpherson B, Wright BJ, Hand WH, Maycock AJ. 1996. The impact of MOPS moisture data in the UK Meteorological Office mesoscale data assimilation scheme. Mon. Weather Rev. 124: 1746-1766.
30. Mahfouf J-F. 1999. Influence of physical processes on the tangent-linear approximation. Tellus 51: 147-166.
31. Mahfouf J-F, Rabier F. 2000. The ECMWF operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. Part II: Experimental results with improved physics. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 126: 1171-1190.
32. Marécal V, Mahfouf J-F. 2000. Variational retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles from TRMM precipitation data. Mon. Weather Rev. 128: 3853-3866.
33. Marécal V, Mahfouf J-F. 2002. Four-dimensional variational assimilation of total column water vapour in rainy areas. Mon. Weather Rev. 130: 43-58.
34. Moreau E, Lopez P, Bauer P, Tompkins AM, Janisková M, Chevallier F. 2004. Variational retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles using rain rates versus microwave brightness temperatures. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 130: 827-852.
35. Phalippou L. 1996. Variational retrieval of humidity profile, wind speed and cloud liquid-water path with the SSM/I: Potential for numerical weather prediction. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 131: 409-436.
36. Rabier F, McNally A, Andersson E, Courtier P, Unden P, Eyre J, Hollingsworth A, Bouttier F. 1998. The ECMWF implementation of the three dimensional variational assimilation (3D-Var). Part II: Structure functions. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 124: 1809-1829.
37. Rabier F, Järvinen H, Klinker E, Mahfouf J-F, Simmons A. 2000. The ECMWF operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. Part I: Experimental results with simplified physics. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 126: 1143-1170.
38. Rodgers CD. 2000. Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding. Theory and practice. Series on Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Vol. 2. World Scientific: Singapore; 238pp.
39. Storto A, Tveter FT. 2009. Assimilating humidity pseudo-observations derived from the cloud profiling radar aboard CloudSat in ALADIN 3D-Var. Meteorol. Appl. 16: 461-479.
40. Tompkins AM, Janisková M. 2004. A cloud scheme for data assimilation: Description and initial tests. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 130 2495-2517.
41. Vukićević T, Greenwald T, Županski M, Županski D, Vonder Haar T, Jones AS. 2004. Mesoscale cloud state estimation from visible and infrared satellite radiances. Mon. Weather Rev. 132: 3066-3077.