Quasi-Lagrangian observations of the upper ocean response to wintertime forcing in the Gulf Stream

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 91, Issue , 2013, Pages 25-34

  Silverthorne, Katherine E ^a   Toole, John M ^a  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

CLIMODE; Eighteen Degree Water; Heat balance

Indexed keywords

AIR SEA INTERACTIONS; CLIMODE; EIGHTEEN DEGREE WATER; HEAT BALANCE; METEOROLOGICAL MODELS; MIXED LAYER HEAT BALANCE; PROFILING INSTRUMENT; SURFACE HEAT FLUXES;

LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS; SPECIFIC HEAT; STORMS;

OCEAN CURRENTS;

ADVECTION; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; HEAT BALANCE; HEAT FLUX; MIXED LAYER; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; UPPER OCEAN; WINTER;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF STREAM;

EID: 84878010846     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.021     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Bane J.M., Osgood K.E. Wintertime air-sea interaction processes across the Gulf Stream. J. Geophys. Res. 1989, 94:10755-10772.
2. Bradley E., Godfrey J., Coppin P., Butt J. Observations of net heat flux into the surface mixed layer of the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:22521-22532.
3. Dong S., Kelly K.A. Heat budget in the Gulf Stream region. the importance of heat storage and advection. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2004, 34:1214-1231.
4. Fairall C., Bradley E., Hare J., Grachev A., Edson J. Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes. updates and verification for the COARE algorithm. J. Climate 2003, 16:571-591.
5. Foltz G.R., McPhaden M.J. Mixed layer heat balance on intraseasonal time scales in the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate 2005, 18:4168-4184.
6. Inoue R., Gregg M., Harcourt R. Mixing rates across the Gulf Stream, part 1: on the formation of Eighteen Degree Water. J. Mar. Res. 2010, 68:643-671.
7. Kelly K.A., Qui B. Heat flux estimates for the Western North Atlantic. Part ii. the upper-ocean heat balance. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1995, 25:2361-2373.
8. Kwon, Y.-O., Riser, S.C., 2005. General circulation of the western subtropical North Atlantic observed using profiling floats. J. Geophys. Res. 110 (c10), c11012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JC002909.
9. Large W., McWilliams J., Niiler P. Upper ocean thermal response to strong autumnal forcing of the Northeast Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1986, 16:1524-1550.
10. Paduan J.D., Szoeke R.A.D., Richman J.G. Balances of heat and momentum at 33.5°N, 127°W in the upper ocean during the mixed-layer dynamics experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 1988, 93:8147-8160.
11. Price J.F., Weller R.A., Pinkel R. Diurnal cycling. observations and models of the upper ocean diurnal heating, cooling, and wind mixing. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, 91:8411-8427.
12. Richards K., Inall M., Wells N. The diurnal mixed layer and upper ocean heat budget in the Western Equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100(C4):6865-6879.
13. Sanford, T.B., Dunlap, J.H., Carlson, J.A., Webb, D.C., Girton, J.B., 2005. Autonomous velocity and density profiler: EM-APEX. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/OES Eighth Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology, p. 152.
14. Speer K., Tziperman E. Rates of water mass formation in the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1992, 22:93-104.
15. Stevenson J.W., Niiler P.P. Upper ocean heat budget during the Hawaii-to-Tahiti Shuttle Experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1983, 13:1894-1907.
16. Worthington L. The 18 degree water in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res. 1959, 5:297-305.
17. Xue H., Bane J.M. A numerical investigation of the Gulf Stream and its meanders in response to cold air outbreaks. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1997, 27:2606-2629.
18. Xue H., Bane J.M., Goodman L.M. Modification of the Gulf Stream through strong air-sea interactions in winter. observations and numerical simulations. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1994, 25:533-557.