Affirmative action in higher education over the next twenty-five years a need for study and action

The Next Twenty-five Years: Affirmative Action in Higher Education in the United States and South Africa

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 58-73

  O'Connor, Sandra Day ^a   Schwab, Stewart J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b MIT Sloan School of Management   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84877960982     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (27)

1. Antonin Scalia, "The Disease as Cure", Washington University Law Quarterly (1979):147, 148.
2. Guido Calabresi, "Bakke as Pseudo-Tragedy", Catholic University Law Review 28(1979):427-44.
3. U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, Status and Trends in the Education of Blacks, NCES 2003-034 42 (September 2003).
4. U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Educational Achievement and Black-White Inequality, NCES 2001-061 32-42 (July 2001).
5. U. S. Department of Education, Black-White Inequality, 32-42.
6. U. S. Department of Education, Status and Trends, 56-61
7. U. S. Department of Education, Black-White Inequality, 6-7.
8. G. Farkas, "How Educational Inequality Develops", in The Colors of Poverty: Why Racial and Ethnic Disparities Exist, ed. A. Chih Lin and D. R. Harris (New York: Russell Sage, 2008).
9. U. S. Department of Education, Status and Trends, 28.
10. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2005 (Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 2005).
11. U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2004, NCJ 208801 11 (April 2005).
12. T. Bonczar, Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U. S. Population, 1974-2001, U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report NCJ 197976 (August 2003).
13. B. Western, "Retrenching Civil Rights: Mass Imprisonment in America", in this volume (reporting that "recent birth cohorts of black men are more likely to have prison records [22.4 percent] than military records [17.4 percent] or bachelor's degrees [12.5 percent]").
14. D. Wheelock and C. Uggen, "Race, Poverty and Punishment: The Impact of Criminal Sanctions on Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Inequality", in Chih Lin and Harris, The Colors of Poverty.
15. U. S. Department of Justice, Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2004 (showing the number of inmates in state or federal prison or local jails per 100, 000 residents to be 4, 919 for black men, 717 for white men, 359 for black women, and 81 for white women).
16. Bureau of the Census, "Table 1. United States-Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990", http://www.census.gov/population/documentation/ twps0056/tab01.pdf, 2002 (visited on May 16, 2007).
17. Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey Data Profile Highlights, available at http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?-submenuId= factsheet-1&-sse=on, 2005 (visited on May 16, 2007).
18. Chih Lin, A. and D. Harris, "Why is American Poverty Still Colored in the 21st Century?" in Chih Lin and Harris, The Colors of Poverty.
19. R. D. Putnam, "E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century, The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture", Scandinavian Political Studies 30(2007):137.
20. University of California, Application, Admissions, and Enrollment of California Resident Freshmen for Fall 1995 through 2005, available at http://www.ucop.edu/news/factsheets/Flowfrc-9505.pdf (last visited March 21, 2007).
21. R. C. Atkinson and P. A. Pelfrey, "Opportunity in a Democratic Society: A National Agenda", paper presented at the conference Futuring Diversity: Creating a National Agenda, Ann Arbor, MI, May 18, 2005.
22. University of California, Distribution of Statement of Intent to Register (SIRs) for Admitted Freshmen, Fall 1997 through 2006, table 2, available at http://www.ucop.edu/new/factsheets/2006/froshsirs-table2.pdf (last visited March 21, 2007).
23. R. L. McCormick, "Advancing Diversity in a Post-Affirmative Action State: Implications for the Future", speech to the Association of American Colleges and Universities, Washington, DC, January 20, 2000, available at http://www.washington.edu/president/articles/AACU.html (last visited March 25, 2007).
24. C. L. Horn and S. M. Flores, Percent Plans in College Admissions: A Comparative Analysis of Three States' Experiences (Cambridge: Civil Rights Project at Harvard University, 2003).
25. University of Texas at Austin Office of Institutional Research, 2005-6 and 2006-7 Statistical Handbooks, table S4A, "Fall Enrollment by Level and Ethnicity", available at http://www.utexas.edu/academic/oir/statistical- handbook/05-06/pdf/0506students.pdf (last visited January 23, 2000).
26. M. Tienda, K. Leicht, T. Sullivan, M. Maltese, and K. Lloyd, Closing the Gap? Admissions and Enrollments at the Texas Public Flagships before and after Affirmative Action (Princeton, NJ: Texas Top 10% Project, 2003).
27. McCormick, "Advancing Diversity"