Vitamin D insufficiency and bone mineral status in a population of newcomer children in Canada

Nutrients

Volumn 5, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1561-1572

  Vatanparast, Hassanali ^a   Nisbet, Christine ^a   Gushulak, Brian ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^b Migration Health Consultants   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bone mineral status; Newcomer immigrant children; Vitamin D

Indexed keywords

25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D; VITAMIN D;

ARTICLE; BODY HEIGHT; BONE MINERAL; CALCIUM INTAKE; CANADA; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; IMMIGRANT; MALE; NEWCOMER IMMIGRANT CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; REFUGEE; SCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE; TOTAL BODY BONE MINERAL CONTENT; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY; VITAMIN INTAKE;

EID: 84877850262     PISSN: 20726643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/nu5051561     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Wacker, M.; Holick, M.F. Vitamin D-effects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need for supplementation. Nutrients 2013, 5, 111-148.
2. Whiting, S.J.; Langlois, K.A.; Vatanparast, H.; Greene-Finestone, L.S. The vitamin D status of Canadians relative to the 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes: An examination in children and adults with and without supplement use. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011, 94, 128-135.
3. Grant, W.B.; Holick, M.F. Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: A review. Altern. Med. Rev. 2005, 10, 94-111.
4. Hintzpeter, B.; Scheidt-Nave, C.; Muller, M.J.; Schenk, L.; Mensink, G.B. Higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is associated with immigrant background among children and adolescents in Germany. J. Nutr. 2008, 138, 1482-1490.
5. Mithal, A.; Wahl, D.A.; Bonjour, J.P.; Burckhardt, P.; Dawson-Hughes, B.; Eisman, J.A.; El-Haji Fuleihan, G.; Josse, R.G.; Lips, P.; Morales-Torres, J. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporos. Int. 2009, 20, 1807-1820.
6. Van der Meer, I.M.; Karamali, N.S.; Boeke, A.J.; Lips, P.; Middelkoop, B.J.; Verhoeven, I.; Wuister, J.D. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant non-Western women in The Hague, Netherlands. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006, 84, 350-353.
7. Ward, L.M.; Gaboury, I.; Ladhani, M.; Zlotkin, S. Vitamin D-decifiency rickets among children in Canada. CMAJ 2007, 177, 161-166.
8. Roth, D.E. Bones and beyond: An update on the role of vitamin D in child and adolescent health in Canada. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2007, 32, 770-777.
9. Statistics Canada. Canadian Health Measures Survey (Detailed information for Spring 2007 to Spring 2009 (Cycle 1)), 2010. Available online: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=5071&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2 (accessed on 30 August 2012).
10. Health Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2, Nutrition (2004)-A Guide to Accessing and Interpreting the Data. Available online: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnan/alt_formats/hpfb-dgpsa/pdf/surveill/cchs-guide-escc-eng.pdf (accessed on 25 August 2012).
11. Immigration. In Canadian Oxford Dictionary; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 2011. Available online: http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/SEARCH_RESULTS.html?y=14&q=immigrate&category=t150&x=4&ssid=865872107&scope=book&time=0.830259983485593 (accessed on 15 August 2012).
12. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees Article, 1951. Available online: http://www2.ohchr.org/English/law/refugees.htm#wp1037003 (accessed on 15 August 2012).
13. Statistics Canada. Master and share files derived variables documentation, 2008. Available online: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/imdb-bmdi/document/5049_D11_T9_V1-eng.pdf (accessed on 27 August 2012).
14. Health Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition (2004)-Income-related household food security in Canada. Ottawa (ON): Office of Nutrition Policy and Promotion Health Products and Food Branch, 2007. Available online: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/alt_formats/hpfb-dgpsa/pdf/surveill/income_food_sec-sec_alim-eng.pdf (accessed on 19 July 2012).
15. World Health Organization. Growth reference 5-19 years, 2007. Available online: http://www.who.int/growthref/en/ (accessed on 19 July 2012).
16. Health Canada. Eating well with Canada's food guide, 2007. Available online: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/food-guide-aliment/index-eng.php (accessed on 11 June 2012).
17. Garriguet, D. Diet quality in Canada. Health Rep. 2009, 20, 41-52.
18. Eyles, D.; Anderson, C.; Ko, P.; Jones, A.; Thomas, A.; Burne, T.; Mortensen, P.B.; Norgaard-Pedersen, B.; Hougaard, D.M.; McGrath, J. A sensitive LC/MS/MS assay of 25OH vitamin D3 and 25OH vitamin D2 in dried blood spots. Clin. Chim. Acta 2009, 403, 145-151.
19. Newman, M.S.; Brandon, T.R.; Groves, M.N.; Gregory, W.L.; Kapur, S.; Zava, D.T. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of 25-hydroxi vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in dried blood spots: A potential adjunct to diabetes and cardiometabolic risk screening. J. Diabetes Sci. Technol. 2009, 3, 156-162.
20. Hollis, B.W. Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: Challenges and needs. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008, 88, 507S-510S.
21. Larkin, E.K.; Gebretsadik, T.; Koestner, N.; Newman, M.S.; Liu, Z.; Carroll, K.N.; Minton, P.; Woodward, K.; Hartert, T.V. Agreement of blood spot card measurements of vitamin D levels with serum, whole blood specimen types and a dietary recall instrument. PLoS One 2011, 6, e16602.
22. Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D; The National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2010. Available online: http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D.aspx (accessed on 27 August 2012).
23. Fewtrell, M.S. Bone densitometry in children assessed by dual X ray absorptiometry: Uses and pitfalls. Arch. Dis. Child. 2003, 88, 795-798.
24. Baxter-Jones, A.D.; Burrows, M.; Bachrach, L.K.; Lloyd, T.; Petit, M.; Macdonald, H.; Mirwald, R.L.; Bailey, D.; McKay, H. International longitudinal pediatric reference standards for bone mineral content. Bone 2009, 46, 208-216.
25. Government of Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Statistical Immigration Report 2009, 2008. Available online http://aeel.gov.sk.ca/sk-immigration-statistical-report-2009 (accessed on 23 August 2012).
26. Citizenship and Immigration Canada facts and figures 2011. Available online: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/pdf/research-stats/facts2011.pdf (accessed on 23 August 2012).
27. Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Communique, March Newsletter. Available online: http://www.csep.ca/english/view.asp?x=804 (accessed on 27 August 2012).
28. Nellen, J.F.; Smulders, Y.M.; Frissen, P.H.; Slaats, E.H.; Silberusch, J. Hypovitaminosis D in immigrant women: Slow to be diagnosed. BMJ 1996, 312, 570-572.
29. Wimalawansa, S.J. Vitamin D in the new millennium. Curr. Osteoporos. Rep. 2012, 10, 4-15.
30. Caradonna, P.; Rigante, D. Bone health as a primary target in the pediatric age. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2009, 13, 117-128.
31. Nichols, D.L.; Sanborn, C.F.; Essery, E.V.; Clark, R.A.; Letendre, J.D. Impact of curriculum-based bone loading and nutrition education program on bone accrual in children. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 2008, 20, 411-425.
32. Vatanparast, H.; Baxter-Jones, A.; Faulkner, R.A.; Bailey, D.A.; Whiting, S.J. Positive effects of vegetable and fruit consumption and calcium intake on bone mineral accrual in boys during growth from childhood to adolescence: The University of Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005, 82, 700-706.
33. Bailey, D.A.; Faulkner, R.A.; McKay, H.A. Growth, physical activity, and bone mineral acquisition. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 1996, 24, 233-266.
34. Whiting, S.J.; Calvo, M.S. Dietary recommendations for vitamin D: A critical need for functional end points to establish an estimated average requirement. J. Nutr. 2005, 135, 304-309.
35. Holick, M.F. Health benefits of vitamin D and sunlight: A D-bate. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2011, 7, 73-75.
36. Burrows, M.; Baxter-Jones, A.; Mirwald, R.; Macdonald, H.; McKay, H. Bone mineral accrual across growth in a mixed-ethnic group of children: Are Asian children disadvantaged from an early age? Calcif. Tissue Int. 2009, 84, 366-378.