Ambulatory blood pressure in stroke and cognitive dysfunction

Current Hypertension Reports

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 150-159

  Coca, Antonio ^a   Camafort, Miguel ^a   Doménech, Mónica ^a   Sierra, Cristina ^a  

^a INSTITUT D INVESTIGACIONS BIOMÈDIQUES AUGUST PI I SUNYER IDIBAPS   (Spain)

Author keywords

ABPM; Ambulatory blood pressure; Brain disease; Cognitive decline; Dipping patterns; Hypertension; Lacunar infarcts; Morning surge; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT;

ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY; BRAIN DAMAGE; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESPONSE; LACUNAR STROKE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROGNOSIS; PULSE PRESSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WHITE COAT HYPERTENSION; WHITE MATTER LESION;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING, AMBULATORY; COGNITION DISORDERS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; STROKE;

EID: 84877817908     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: 15343111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-013-0346-3     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. James GD, Pickering TG, Yees LS, et al. The reproducibility of average ambulatory, home and clinic pressures. Hypertension. 1988;11:545-9.
2. Pickering TG. The clinical significance of diurnal blood pressure variations: dippers and nondippers. Circulation. 1990;81:700-2.
3. Pickering TG, Shimbo D, Haas D. Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2368-74.
4. • Bliziotis IA, Destounis A, Stergiou GS. Home versus ambulatory and office blood pressure in predicting target organ damage in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2012;30:1289-99. This is the recently and more completed review of the actual evidence about the role of out-office blood pressure values (home or ambulatory) in predicting target organ damage.
5. Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R, et al. Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. JAMA. 1999;282:539-46.
6. Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, et al. Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin outcome study. Hypertension. 2005;46:156-61.
7. Conen D, Bamberg F. Noninvasive 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2008;26:1290-9.
8. Fagard RH, Celis H, Thijs L, et al. Daytime and nighttime blood pressure as predictors of death and cause-specific cardiovascular events in hypertension. Hypertension. 2008;51:55-61.
9. Fagard RH, Thijs L, Staessen JA, et al. Prognostic significance of ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients with history of cardiovascular disease. Blood Press Monit. 2008;13:325-32.
10. Hansen TW, Li Y, Boggia J, et al. Predictive role of the nighttime blood pressure. Hypertension. 2011;57:3-10.
11. Kario K, Pickering TG, Matsuo T, et al. Stroke prognosis and abnormal nocturnal blood pressure falls in older hypertensives. Hypertension. 2001;38:852-7.
12. Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Nagai K, et al. Prediction of stroke by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring versus screening blood pressure measurements in a general population: the Ohasama Study. J Hypertens. 2000;18:847-54.
13. Staessen JA, Gasowski J, Wang JG, et al. Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolichypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet. 2000;355:865-72.
14. Inoue R, Ohkubo T, Kikuya M, et al. Risk in systolic and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension determined using ambulatory blood pressure the Ohasama Study. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:1125-31.
15. Pickering T, Schwartz J, Verdecchia P, et al. Prediction of strokes versus cardiac events by ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure: results from an international database. Blood Press Monit. 2007;12:397-9.
16. Kobrin I, Oigman W, Kumar A, et al. Diurnal variation of blood pressure in elderly patients with essential hypertension. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1984;2:896-9.
17. Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K, et al. Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension. J Hypertens. 1992;10:875-8.
18. Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure: an independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1994;24:793-801.
19. Ohkubo T, Imai Y, Tsuji I, et al. Relation between nocturnal decline in blood pressure and mortality. Ohasama Study. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10:1201-7.
20. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, et al. Altered circadian blood profile and prognosis. Blood Press Monit. 1997;2:347-52.
21. Kario K, Matsuo T, Kobayashi H, et al. Relation between nocturnal fall of blood pressure and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly hypertensives: advanced silent cerebrovascular damage in extreme-dippers. Hypertension. 1996;27:130-5.
22. • Metoki H, Ohkubo T, Imai Y. Diurnal blood pressure variation and cardiovascular prognosis in a community-based study of Ohasama, Japan. Hypertens Res. 2010;33:652-6. The Ohasama study was one of the first epidemiological studies that reinforced the role of nocturnal hypertension in target organ damage and cardiovascular prognosis. This article shows the importance of nocturnal hypertension, particularly in stroke.
23. Maa JK, Sun JL, Zhao J, et al. Relationship between nocturnal blood pressure variation and silent cerebral infarction in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Neurol Sci. 2010;294:67-9.
24. Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, et al. Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation. 2003;107:1401-6.
25. Gosse P, Lasserre R, Minifié C, et al. Blood pressure surge on rising. J Hypertens. 2004;22:1113-8.
26. Metoki H, Ohkubo T, Kikuya M, et al. Prognostic significance for stroke of a morning pressor surge and a nocturnal blood pressure decline: the Ohasama Study. Hypertension. 2006;47:149-54.
27. Ohkubo T, Metoki H, Imai Y. Prognostic significance of morning surge in blood pressure: which definition, which outcome? Blood Press Monit. 2008;13:161-2.
28. Staessen JA, Thijs L, O'Brien ET, et al. Ambulatory pulse pressure as predictor outcome in older patients with systolic hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2002;15:835-43.
29. • Aznaouridis K, Vlachopoulos C, Protogerou A, et al. Ambulatory systolic-diastolic pressure regression index as a predictor of clinical events: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Stroke. 2012;43:733-9. This is an interesting and recent meta-analysis of new markers of arterial stiffness measured by ambulatory systolic and diastolic values and the relevance of this data as a predictor of cardiovascular events.
30. Emelianov D, Thijs L, Staessen JA, et al. Conventional and ambulatory measurements of blood pressure in old patients with isolated systolic hypertension: baseline observations in the Syst-Eur trial. Blood Press Monit. 1998;3:173-80.
31. Fagard R, Staessen JA, Thijs L, et al. Response to antihypertensive therapy in older patients with sustained and nonsustained systolic hypertension. Circulation. 2000;102:1139-44.
32. Bulpitt CJ, Beckett N, Peters R, et al. Does white coat hypertension require treatment over age 80? Results of the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial Ambulatory Blood Pressure Side Project. Hypertension. 2013;61:89-94.
33. Vemmos KN, Tsivgoulis G, Spengos K, Zakopoulos N, Synetos A, Kotsis V, et al. Association between 24-h blood pressure monitoring variables and brain oedema in patients with hyperacute stroke. J Hypertens. 2003;21:2167-73.
34. • Tomii Y, Toyoda K, Suzuki R, Naganuma M, Fujinami J, Yokota CH, et al. Effects of 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate recorded with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on recovery from acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2011;42:3511-7. This article shows the correlation between high BP values by ABPM at the acute phase of stroke and outcomes, demonstrating that high BP values are correlated to worse outcomes.
35. Yamamoto Y, Akiguchi I, Oiwa K, Hayashi M, Kimura J. Adverse effect of nighttime blood pressure on the outcome of lacunar infarct patients. Stroke. 1998;29:570-6.
36. Yamamoto Y, Akiguchi I, Oiwa K, Hayashi M, Kasai T, Ozasa K. Twenty-four-hour blood pressure and MRI as predictive factors for different outcomes in patients with lacunar infarct. Stroke. 2002;33:297-305.
37. Chamorro A, Pujol J, Saiz A, Vila N, Vilanova JC, Alday M, et al. Periventricular white matter lucencies in patients with lacunar stroke. A marker of too high or too low blood pressure. Arch Neurol. 1997;54:1284-8.
38. • Zakopoulos N, Spengos K, Tsivgoulis G, Zis V, Manios E, Vemmos K. Assessment of blood pressure control in hypertensive stroke survivors: an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring study. Blood Press Monit. 2006;11:235-41. In this article the authors tried to find how frequent masked hypertension is present in stroke and which are the determinants of this clinical situation.
39. Nakamura K, Oita J, Yamaguchi T. Nocturnal blood pressure dip in stroke survivors: a pilot study. Stroke. 1995;26:1373-8.
40. Castilla-Guerra L, Fernández-Moreno MC, Espino-Montoro A, López-Chozas JM. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in stroke survivors: do we really control our patients? Eur J Int Med. 2009;20:760-3.
41. Phillips RA, Sheinart KF, Godbold JA, Mahboob R, Tuhrim S. The association of blunted nocturnal blood pressure dip and stroke in a multiethnic population. Am J Hypertens. 2000;13:1250-5.
42. Phillips RA, Butkevich A, Sheinart KF, Tuhrim S. Dipping is superior to cusums analysis in assessment of the risk of stroke in a case-control study. Am J Hypertens. 2001;14:649-52.
43. Schrader J, Lüders S, Kulschewski A, Hammersen F, Plate K, Berger J, et al. Morbidity and mortality after stroke, eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke. 2005;36:1218-26.
44. • Sierra C, Doménech M, Camafort M, Coca A. Hypertension and mild cognitive impairment. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2012;14:548-55. Recent review about the role of high blood pressure in developing cognitive impairment.
45. Novak V, Hajjar I. The relationship between blood pressure and cognitive function. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2010;7:686-98.
46. • Pantoni L. Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:689-701. Most complete review about cerebral WML with relation to pathogenesis and clinical characteristics.
47. • Gorelick PB, Scuteri A, Black SE, et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42:2672-713. A review summarizing the evidence about the association between vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment/dementia.
48. Van Boxtel MP, Henskens LH, Kroon AA, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure, asymptomatic cerebrovascular damage and cognitive function in essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2006;20:5-13.
49. Kanemaru A, Kanemaru K, Kuwajima I. The effects of short-term blood pressure variability and nighttime blood pressure levels on cognitive function. Hypertens Res. 2001;24:19-24.
50. Bellelli G, Frisoni GB, Lucchi E, et al. Blunted reduction in night-time blood pressure is associated with cognitive deterioration in subjects with long-standing hypertension. Blood Press Monit. 2004;9:71-6.
51. Sakakura K, Ishikawa J, Okuno M, et al. Exaggerated ambulatory blood pressure variability is associated with cognitive dysfunction in the very elderly and quality of life in the younger elderly. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:720-7.
52. Axelsson J, Reinprecht F, Siennicki-Lantz A, Elmståhl S. Low ambulatory blood pressure is associated with lower cognitive function in healthy elderly men. Blood Press Monit. 2008;13:269-75.
53. • Birns J, Morris R, Jarosz J, Markus H, Kalra L. The structural and functional consequences of diurnal variations in blood pressure in treated patients with hypertensive cerebrovascular disease. J Hypertens. 2009;27:1042-8. One of the first studies showing that treated hypertensive patients with excessive nocturnal BP fall and silent cerebrovascular disease have greater structural and functional lesions.