Metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid atherosclerosis in hypertension: A gender-based study

Blood Pressure

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 138-143

  Cuspidi, Cesare ^a,b   Sala, Carla ^c   Lonati, Laura ^b   Negri, Francesca ^b   Rescaldani, Marta ^c   Re, Annalisa ^b   Meani, Stefano ^d   Mancia, Giuseppe ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

^b ISTITUTO AUXOLOGICO ITALIANO   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^d RHO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Gender; Metabolic syndrome; Organ damage

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; URIC ACID;

ABDOMINAL OBESITY; ADULT; AGED; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTERIAL WALL THICKNESS; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; ORGAN INJURY; PATHOGENESIS; PHENOTYPE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; URIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL;

BLOOD PRESSURE; CAROTID ARTERY DISEASES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; ITALY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 84877750947     PISSN: 08037051     EISSN: 16511999     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2012.744151     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Grundy SM, Cleeman J I, D aniels S R, D onato K A, E ckel R H, Franklin BA, et al . Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientifi c Statement. Circulation . 2005; 112 : 2735-2352
2. Alberti KGMM, E ckel R H, G rundy S M, Z immet P Z, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al . Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome . A Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation . 2009; 120 : 1640-1645
3. Essick EE, S am F. C ardiac hypertrophy and fi brosis in the metabolic syndrome: A role for aldosterone and the mineralcorticoid receptor . Int J Hypertens . 2011; 346985
4. Thethi T, K amiyama M, K obori H. T he link between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and renal injury in obesity and the metabolic syndrome . Curr Hypertens Rep. 2012; 14 : 160-169
5. Chinali M, D evereux RB, H oward BV, R oman MJ, B ella JN, Liu JE, et al . Comparison of cardiac structure and function in American Indians with and without the metabolic syndrome (The Strong Heart Study) . Am J Cardiol. 2004; 93 : 40-44
6. Ferrara LA, C ardoni O, M ancini M, Z anchetti A. M etabolic syndrome and left ventricular hypertrophy in a general population . Results from the Gubbio Study. J Hum Hypertens. 2007; 21 : 795-801
7. Cuspidi C, M eani S, F usi V, S evergnini B, V alerio C, Catini E, et al . Metabolic syndrome and target organ damage in untreated essential hypertensives . J Hypertens. 2004; 22 : 1991-1998
8. Leoncini G, R atto E, V iazzi F, V accaro V, P arodi D, P arodi A, et al . Metabolic syndrome is associated with early signs of organ damage in non-diabetic, hypertensive patients . J Intern Med. 2005; 257 : 454-460
9. Mul è; G, N ardi E, C ottone S, C usimano P, V olpe V, P iazza G . et al . Infl uence of the metabolic syndrome on hypertensionrelated target organ damage . J Intern Med. 2005 ; 257 : 503-513
10. Tzou WS, D ouglas PS, S rinivasan SR, B ond MG, T ang R, Chen W, et al . Increased subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults with metabolic syndrome . The Bogalusa Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 46 : 457-463
11. Zanchetti A, H ennig M, B aurecht H, T ang R, C uspidi C, Carugo S, Mancia G . Prevalence and incidence of the metabolic syndrome in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA) and its relation with carotid intima media thickness . J Hypertens. 2007; 25 : 2463-2470
12. Cuspidi C, M eani S, V alerio C, S ala C, F usi V, Z anchetti A, Mancia G . Age and target organ damage in essential hypertension: Role of the metabolic syndrome . Am J Hypertens. 2007; 20 : 296-303
13. Schillaci G, P irro M, P ucci G, M annarino MR, G emelli F, Siepi D, et al . Different impact of the metabolic syndrome on left ventricular structure and function in hypertensive men and women . Hypertension. 2006; 47 : 881-886
14. Iglseder B, C ip P, M alaimare L, L adurner G, P aulweber B. The metabolic syndrome is a stronger risk factor for early atherosclerosis in women than in men . Stroke. 2005; 36 : 1212-1217
15. Aijaz B, A mmar KA, L opez-Jimenez S, R edfi eld MM, Jacobsen SJ, Redeheffer RJ . Abnormal cardiac structure and function in the metabolic syndrome: A population-based study . Mayo Clin Proc. 2008; 83 : 1350-1357
16. Halldin M, F ahlstadius P, D e Faire U, V ikstrom M, H ellenius ML . The metabolic syndrome and left ventricular hypertrophy, the infl uence of gender and physical activity . Blood Press. 2012; 21 : 153-160
17. Devereux R B, R eickek N. E chocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man. Anatomic validation of the method . Circulation. 1977; 55 : 613-618
18. Pignoli P, T remoli E, P oli A, P aoletti R. I ntimal plus media thickness of the arterial wall: A direct measurement with ultrasound imaging . Circulation. 1986; 74 : 1399-1408
19. Cuspidi C, L onati L, M acca G, S ampieri L, F usi V, Michev I, et al . Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid thickening in a large selected population: Impact of different echocardiographic and ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria . Blood Press. 2001; 10 : 142-149
20. Lang RM, B ierig M, D evereux RB, F lachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, et al . Chamber Quantifi cation Writing Group; American Society of Echocardiography ' s Guidelines and Standards Committee; European Association of Echocardiography. Recommendations for chamber quantifi cation: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography ' s Guidelines and Chamber Quantifi cation Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology . J Am Soc Echocardiogr . 2005; 18 : 1440-1463
21. Cuspidi C, F acchetti R, Sala C, B ombelli M, N egri F, Carugo S, et al . Normal values of left ventricular mass: Echocardiographic fi ndings from the Pamela population . J Hypertens. 2012; 30 : 997-1003
22. Zanchetti A, B ond M G, H ennig M, N eiss A, M ancia G, Dal Pal ù; C, et al . Risk factors associated with alterations in carotid intima-media thickness in hypertension: Baseline data from the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis . J Hypertens. 1998; 16 : 949-961
23. -2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension . The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) . J Hypertens. 2007 : 25 : 1105-1187
24. Mancia G, B ombelli M, C orrao G, F acchetti R, M adotto F, Giannattasio C et al . Metabolic syndrome in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study: Daily life blood pressure, cardiac damage and prognosis . Hypertension. 2007; 49 : 40-47
25. Rutter MK, P arise H, B enjamin EJ, L evy D, L arson MG, M eigs JB, et al . Impact of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance on cardiac structure and function: Sex-related differences in the Framingham Heart Study . Circulation. 2003; 107 : 448-454
26. de Simone G. S tate of the art in the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2005; 15 : 239-241
27. Guerra F, M ancinelli L, A ngelini L, F ortunati M, R appelli S, Dess ì; -Fulgheri P, Sarzani R . The association between left ventricular hypertrophy with metabolic syndrome is dependent on body mass index in overweight or obese hypertensives. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(1) : E16630