메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2013, Pages

Specificity and sensitivity of transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: Prospective cohort study in 196 patients

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IOFLUPANE I 123;

EID: 84877707641     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002613     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (58)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 77649131463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiating vascular parkinsonism from idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A systematic review
    • Kalra S, Grosset DG, Benamer HT. Differentiating vascular parkinsonism from idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Mov Disord 2010;25:149-56.
    • (2010) Mov Disord , vol.25 , pp. 149-156
    • Kalra, S.1    Grosset, D.G.2    Benamer, H.T.3
  • 2
    • 77949268317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging in drug-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease
    • Diaz-Corrales FJ, Sanz-Viedma S, Garcia-Solis D, et al. Clinical features and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging in drug-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010;37:556-64.
    • (2010) Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging , vol.37 , pp. 556-564
    • Diaz-Corrales, F.J.1    Sanz-Viedma, S.2    Garcia-Solis, D.3
  • 6
    • 38949141597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many faces of corticobasal degeneration
    • DOI 10.1016/S1353-8020(08)70027-0, PII S1353802008700270
    • Wadia PM, Lang AE. The many faces of corticobasal degeneration. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007;13(Suppl 3):S336-40. (Pubitemid 351215265)
    • (2007) Parkinsonism and Related Disorders , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Wadia, P.M.1    Lang, A.E.2
  • 8
  • 9
    • 0026514953 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases
    • Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, et al. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:181-4.
    • (1992) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 181-184
    • Hughes, A.J.1    Daniel, S.E.2    Kilford, L.3
  • 10
    • 77951880521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differential diagnoses of parkinsonism: Findings from a cohort of 1528 patients and a 10 years comparison in tertiary movement disorders clinics
    • Munhoz RP, Werneck LC, Teive HA. The differential diagnoses of parkinsonism: findings from a cohort of 1528 patients and a 10 years comparison in tertiary movement disorders clinics. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010;112:431-5.
    • (2010) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.112 , pp. 431-435
    • Munhoz, R.P.1    Werneck, L.C.2    Teive, H.A.3
  • 11
    • 73949149476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of Parkinson's disease diagnosis in 610 general practice patients in the West of Scotland
    • Newman EJ, Breen K, Patterson J, et al. Accuracy of Parkinson's disease diagnosis in 610 general practice patients in the West of Scotland. Mov Disord 2009;24:2379-85.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 2379-2385
    • Newman, E.J.1    Breen, K.2    Patterson, J.3
  • 12
    • 0027279832 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease [5]
    • Rajput DR. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:938-9. (Pubitemid 23246166)
    • (1993) Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.56 , Issue.8 , pp. 938-939
    • Rajput, D.R.1
  • 13
    • 0033795896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism
    • Ahlskog JE. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2000;7:63-70.
    • (2000) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.7 , pp. 63-70
    • Ahlskog, J.E.1
  • 14
    • 55249085855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in diagnosis with follow-up in an incident cohort of patients with parkinsonism
    • Caslake R, Moore JN, Gordon JC, et al. Changes in diagnosis with follow-up in an incident cohort of patients with parkinsonism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008;79:1202-7.
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.79 , pp. 1202-1207
    • Caslake, R.1    Moore, J.N.2    Gordon, J.C.3
  • 15
    • 67651151386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease is overdiagnosed clinically at baseline in diagnostically uncertain cases: A 3-year European multicenter study with repeat [123I] FP-CIT SPECT
    • Marshall VL, Reininger CB, Marquardt M, et al. Parkinson's disease is overdiagnosed clinically at baseline in diagnostically uncertain cases: a 3-year European multicenter study with repeat [123I] FP-CIT SPECT. Mov Disord 2009;24:500-8.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 500-508
    • Marshall, V.L.1    Reininger, C.B.2    Marquardt, M.3
  • 16
    • 37349044314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sniffing out Parkinson disease: Can olfactory testing differentiate parkinsonian disorders?
    • DOI 10.1097/NRL.0b013e31815a351a, PII 0012789320071100000008
    • McKinnon JH, Demaerschalk BK, Caviness JN, et al. Sniffing out Parkinson disease: can olfactory testing differentiate parkinsonian disorders? Neurologist 2007;13:382-5. (Pubitemid 350307683)
    • (2007) Neurologist , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 382-385
    • McKinnon, J.H.1    Demaerschalk, B.M.2    Caviness, J.N.3    Wellik, K.E.4    Adler, C.H.5    Wingerchuk, D.M.6
  • 17
    • 4043098888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfaction and Parkinson's syndromes: Its role in differential diagnosis
    • DOI 10.1097/01.wco.0000137531.76491.c2
    • Katzenschlager R, Lees AJ. Olfaction and Parkinson's syndromes: its role in differential diagnosis. Curr Opin Neurol 2004;17:417-23. (Pubitemid 39071417)
    • (2004) Current Opinion in Neurology , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 417-423
    • Katzenschlager, R.1    Lees, A.J.2
  • 18
    • 77950931868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging approaches to Parkinson disease
    • Brooks DJ. Imaging approaches to Parkinson disease. J Nucl Med 2010;51:596-609.
    • (2010) J Nucl Med , vol.51 , pp. 596-609
    • Brooks, D.J.1
  • 19
    • 35948961138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of the literature on diagnostic accuracy of SPECT in parkinsonian syndromes
    • Vlaar AM, van Kroonenburgh MJ, Kessels AG, et al. Meta-analysis of the literature on diagnostic accuracy of SPECT in parkinsonian syndromes. BMC Neurol 2007;7:27.
    • (2007) BMC Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 27
    • Vlaar, A.M.1    Van Kroonenburgh, M.J.2    Kessels, A.G.3
  • 20
    • 1942488906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional brain imaging in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00736-7, PII S1474442204007367
    • Piccini P, Whone A. Functional brain imaging in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 2004;3:284-90. (Pubitemid 38510199)
    • (2004) Lancet Neurology , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 284-290
    • Piccini, P.1    Whone, A.2
  • 21
    • 0036189212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantia nigra echogenicity is normal in non-extrapyramidal cerebral disorders but increased in Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1007/s007020200015
    • Walter U, Wittstock M, Benecke R, et al. Substantia nigra echogenicity is normal in non-extrapyramidal cerebral disorders but increased in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm 2002;109:191-6. (Pubitemid 34185665)
    • (2002) Journal of Neural Transmission , vol.109 , Issue.2 , pp. 191-196
    • Walter, U.1    Wittstock, M.2    Benecke, R.3    Dressler, D.4
  • 22
    • 0034935922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease and its relation to clinical findings
    • DOI 10.1007/s004150170114
    • Berg D, Siefker C, Becker G. Echogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease and its relation to clinical findings. J Neurol 2001; 248: 684-9. (Pubitemid 32695865)
    • (2001) Journal of Neurology , vol.248 , Issue.8 , pp. 684-689
    • Berg, D.1    Siefker, C.2    Becker, G.3
  • 23
    • 34247276648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2007.00114.x
    • Ressner P, Skoloudík D, Hlustík P, et al. Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroimaging 2007;17:164-7. (Pubitemid 46624157)
    • (2007) Journal of Neuroimaging , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 164-167
    • Ressner, P.1    Skoloudik, D.2    Hlustik, P.3    Kanovsky, P.4
  • 24
    • 34247194127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial imaging of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in a Taiwanese cohort of Parkinson's disease
    • Huang YW, Jeng JS, Tsai CF, et al. Transcranial imaging of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in a Taiwanese cohort of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2007;22:550-5.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , pp. 550-555
    • Huang, Y.W.1    Jeng, J.S.2    Tsai, C.F.3
  • 25
    • 33646242771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial sonography and [123I]FP-CIT SPECT disclose complementary aspects of Parkinson's disease
    • Spiegel J, Hellwig D, Möllers MO, et al. Transcranial sonography and [123I]FP-CIT SPECT disclose complementary aspects of Parkinson's disease. Brain 2006;129(Pt 5):1188-93.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1188-1193
    • Spiegel, J.1    Hellwig, D.2    Möllers, M.O.3
  • 26
    • 0028869760 scopus 로고
    • Degeneration of substantia nigra in chronic Parkinson's disease visualized by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography
    • Becker G, Seufert J, Bogdahn U, et al. Degeneration of substantia nigra in chronic Parkinson's disease visualized by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography. Neurology 1995;45:182-4.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 182-184
    • Becker, G.1    Seufert, J.2    Bogdahn, U.3
  • 29
    • 36248970053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midbrain transcranial sonography in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Kim JY, Kim ST, Jeon SH, et al. Midbrain transcranial sonography in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2007;22:1922-6.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , pp. 1922-1926
    • Kim, J.Y.1    Kim, S.T.2    Jeon, S.H.3
  • 30
    • 41949137200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The specificity and sensitivity of transcranial ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: A prospective blinded study
    • Gaenslen A, Unmuth B, Godau J, et al. The specificity and sensitivity of transcranial ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: a prospective blinded study. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:417-24.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 417-424
    • Gaenslen, A.1    Unmuth, B.2    Godau, J.3
  • 31
    • 18144397394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-year follow-up study of hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1002/mds.20311
    • Berg D, Merz B, Reiners K, et al. Five-year follow-up study of hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2005; 20: 383-5. (Pubitemid 40613305)
    • (2005) Movement Disorders , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-385
    • Berg, D.1    Merz, B.2    Reiners, K.3    Naumann, M.4    Becker, G.5
  • 32
    • 33847725806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial brain sonography findings in clinical subgroups of idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1002/mds.21197
    • Walter U, Dressler D, Wolters A, et al. Transcranial brain sonography findings in clinical subgroups of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2007;22:48-54. (Pubitemid 46382672)
    • (2007) Movement Disorders , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-54
    • Walter, U.1    Dressler, D.2    Wolters, A.3    Wittstock, M.4    Benecke, R.5
  • 33
    • 74149083311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial sonography findings related to non-motor features of Parkinson's disease
    • Walter U, Skoloudik D, Berg D. Transcranial sonography findings related to non-motor features of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2010;289:123-7.
    • (2010) J Neurol Sci , vol.289 , pp. 123-127
    • Walter, U.1    Skoloudik, D.2    Berg, D.3
  • 34
    • 33244497832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity as a marker of predisposition and slower progression in Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1002/mds.20669
    • Schweitzer KJ, Hilker R, Walter U, et al. Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity as a marker of predisposition and slower progression in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2006;21:94-8. (Pubitemid 43273759)
    • (2006) Movement Disorders , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-98
    • Schweitzer, K.J.1    Hilker, R.2    Walter, U.3    Berg, D.4
  • 35
    • 69949175994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantia nigra echogenicity: A structural correlate of functional impairment of the dopaminergic striatal projection in Parkinson's disease
    • Weise D, Lorenz R, Schliesser M, et al. Substantia nigra echogenicity: a structural correlate of functional impairment of the dopaminergic striatal projection in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2009;24:1669-75.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 1669-1675
    • Weise, D.1    Lorenz, R.2    Schliesser, M.3
  • 36
    • 33751011877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of transcranial sonography in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1002/mds.21054
    • Prestel J, Schweitzer KJ, Hofer A, et al. Predictive value of transcranial sonography in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2006;21:1763-5. (Pubitemid 44742216)
    • (2006) Movement Disorders , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 1763-1765
    • Prestel, J.1    Schweitzer, K.J.2    Hofer, A.3    Gasser, T.4    Berg, D.5
  • 38
    • 76949094278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial sonography for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
    • Mehnert S, Reuter I, Schepp K, et al. Transcranial sonography for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2010;10:9.
    • (2010) BMC Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 9
    • Mehnert, S.1    Reuter, I.2    Schepp, K.3
  • 39
    • 0037435514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain parenchyma sonography discriminates Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes
    • Walter U, Niehaus L, Probst T, et al. Brain parenchyma sonography discriminates Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Neurology 2003;60:74-7. (Pubitemid 36070647)
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 74-77
    • Walter, U.1    Niehaus, L.2    Probst, T.3    Benecke, R.4    Meyer, B.U.5    Dressler, D.6
  • 41
    • 14544302671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes by transcranial ultrasound
    • DOI 10.1136/jnnp.2004.049221
    • Behnke S, Berg D, Naumann M, et al. Differentiation of Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes by transcranial ultrasound. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:423-5. (Pubitemid 40299138)
    • (2005) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.76 , Issue.3 , pp. 423-425
    • Behnke, S.1    Berg, D.2    Naumann, M.3    Becker, G.4
  • 42
    • 34948825473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease or atypical Parkinsonism: Clinical potential and limitations
    • DOI 10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0271
    • Okawa M, Miwa H, Kajimoto Y, et al. Transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease or atypical parkinsonism: clinical potential and limitations. Intern Med 2007;46:1527-31. (Pubitemid 47521048)
    • (2007) Internal Medicine , vol.46 , Issue.18 , pp. 1527-1531
    • Okawa, M.1    Miwa, H.2    Kajimoto, Y.3    Hama, K.4    Morita, S.5    Nakanishi, I.6    Kondo, T.7
  • 43
    • 77951827776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantia nigra echogenicity in progressive supranuclear palsy
    • Ebentheuer J, Canelo M, Trautmann E, et al. Substantia nigra echogenicity in progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord 2010;25:765-8.
    • (2010) Mov Disord , vol.25 , pp. 765-768
    • Ebentheuer, J.1    Canelo, M.2    Trautmann, E.3
  • 44
    • 84859428783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity of transcranial sonography in parkinson spectrum disorders in comparison to degenerative cognitive syndromes
    • Lauckaite K, Rastenyte D, Šurkiene D, et al. Specificity of transcranial sonography in parkinson spectrum disorders in comparison to degenerative cognitive syndromes. BMC Neurol 2012;12:12.
    • (2012) BMC Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 12
    • Lauckaite, K.1    Rastenyte, D.2    Šurkiene, D.3
  • 45
    • 34249075719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial color-coded sonography helps differentiation between idiopathic Parkinson's disease and vascular parkinsonism
    • Tsai CF, Wu RM, Huang YW, et al. Transcranial color-coded sonography helps differentiation between idiopathic Parkinson's disease and vascular parkinsonism. J Neurol 2007;254:501-7.
    • (2007) J Neurol , vol.254 , pp. 501-507
    • Tsai, C.F.1    Wu, R.M.2    Huang, Y.W.3
  • 46
    • 43049178497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain parenchyma sonography and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor
    • Doepp F, Plotkin M, Siegel L, et al. Brain parenchyma sonography and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Mov Disord 2008;23:405-10.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 405-410
    • Doepp, F.1    Plotkin, M.2    Siegel, L.3
  • 47
    • 58149191621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing Parkinson's disease and essential tremor with transcranial sonography
    • Budisic M, Trkanjec Z, Bosnjak J, et al. Distinguishing Parkinson's disease and essential tremor with transcranial sonography. Acta Neurol Scand 2009;119:17-21.
    • (2009) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.119 , pp. 17-21
    • Budisic, M.1    Trkanjec, Z.2    Bosnjak, J.3
  • 49
    • 33745642481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonographic discrimination of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia
    • DOI 10.1007/s00415-005-0023-9
    • Walter U, Dressler D, Wolters A, et al. Sonographic discrimination of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia. J Neurol 2006;253:448-54. (Pubitemid 43965609)
    • (2006) Journal of Neurology , vol.253 , Issue.4 , pp. 448-454
    • Walter, U.1    Dressler, D.2    Wolters, A.3    Wittstock, M.4    Greim, B.5    Benecke, R.6
  • 50
    • 3543098625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonographic discrimination of corticobasal degeneration vs proggressive supranuclear palsy
    • Walter U, Dressler D, Wolters A, et al. Sonographic discrimination of corticobasal degeneration vs progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology 2004;63:504-9. (Pubitemid 39031381)
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 504-509
    • Walter, U.1    Dressler, D.2    Wolters, A.3    Probst, T.4    Grossmann, A.5    Benecke, R.6
  • 51
    • 77955351608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial sonography for the discrimination of idiopathic Parkinson's disease from the atypical parkinsonian syndromes
    • Bouwmans AE, Vlaar AM, Srulijes K, et al. Transcranial sonography for the discrimination of idiopathic Parkinson's disease from the atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Int Rev Neurobiol 2010;90:121-46.
    • (2010) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.90 , pp. 121-146
    • Bouwmans, A.E.1    Vlaar, A.M.2    Srulijes, K.3
  • 52
    • 35448975236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol of a prospective study on the diagnostic value of transcranial duplex scanning of the substantia nigra in patients with parkinsonian symptoms
    • Vlaar AM, Bouwmans AE, van Kroonenburgh MJ, et al. Protocol of a prospective study on the diagnostic value of transcranial duplex scanning of the substantia nigra in patients with parkinsonian symptoms. BMC Neurol 2007;7:28.
    • (2007) BMC Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 28
    • Vlaar, A.M.1    Bouwmans, A.E.2    Van Kroonenburgh, M.J.3
  • 53
    • 53649086350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial sonography in movement disorders
    • Berg D, Godau J, Walter U. Transcranial sonography in movement disorders. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 1044-55.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 1044-1055
    • Berg, D.1    Godau, J.2    Walter, U.3
  • 54
    • 78751471222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reliability of transcranial duplex scanning in parkinsonian patients: Comparison of different observers and ultrasound systems
    • Vlaar A, Tromp SC, Weber WE, et al. The reliability of transcranial duplex scanning in parkinsonian patients: comparison of different observers and ultrasound systems. Ultraschall Med 2011; 32:S83-8.
    • (2011) Ultraschall Med , vol.32
    • Vlaar, A.1    Tromp, S.C.2    Weber, W.E.3
  • 55
    • 0042591659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): Status and recommendations
    • Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson's Disease.
    • Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson's Disease. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): status and recommendations. Mov Disord 2003;18:738-50.
    • (2003) Mov Disord , vol.18 , pp. 738-750
  • 56
    • 52449086856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy
    • Gilman S, Wenning GK, Low PA, et al. Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Neurology 2008;71:670-6.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 670-676
    • Gilman, S.1    Wenning, G.K.2    Low, P.A.3
  • 60
    • 58749088232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predictive value of transcranial duplex sonography for the clinical diagnosis in undiagnosed parkinsonian syndromes: Comparison with SPECT scans
    • Vlaar AM, de Nijs T, van Kroonenburgh MJ, et al. The predictive value of transcranial duplex sonography for the clinical diagnosis in undiagnosed parkinsonian syndromes: comparison with SPECT scans. BMC Neurol 2008;8:42.
    • (2008) BMC Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 42
    • Vlaar, A.M.1    De Nijs, T.2    Van Kroonenburgh, M.J.3
  • 61
    • 60549115445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariable adjustments counteract spectrum and test review bias in accuracy studies
    • Bachmann LM, ter Riet G, Weber WE, et al. Multivariable adjustments counteract spectrum and test review bias in accuracy studies. J Clin Epidemiol 2009;62:357-361 e2.
    • (2009) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.62
    • Bachmann, L.M.1    Ter Riet, G.2    Weber, W.E.3
  • 62
    • 77958125674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra sonography for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
    • van de Loo S, Walter U, Behnke S, et al. Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra sonography for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:1087-92.
    • (2010) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.81 , pp. 1087-1092
    • Van De Loo, S.1    Walter, U.2    Behnke, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.