A trajectory-based approach to understand the factors associated with persistent depressive symptoms in primary care

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 148, Issue 2-3, 2013, Pages 338-346

  Gunn, Jane ^a   Elliott, Peter ^a   Densley, Konstancja ^a   Middleton, Aves ^a   Ambresin, Gilles ^a,e   Dowrick, Christopher ^a,b   Herrman, Helen ^a   Hegarty, Kelsey ^a   Gilchrist, Gail ^a,c   Griffiths, Frances ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Adults; Depression; Growth mixture model; Longitudinal; Primary care; Trajectories

Indexed keywords

ABUSE; ADULT; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; CENTER FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES DEPRESSION SCALE; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; DISABILITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; ILLNESS TRAJECTORY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MARRIAGE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; MORBIDITY; PARTNER VIOLENCE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; SELF REPORT; SOCIAL PARTICIPATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; TREATMENT DURATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AUSTRALIA; BAYES THEOREM; CHRONIC DISEASE; COHORT STUDIES; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MIDDLE AGED; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; RISK FACTORS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84877694452     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: 15732517     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.12.021     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. J.E. Aikens, K. Kroenke, D.E. Nease, J.R. Klinkman, M. S,; and A. Sen Trajectories of improvement for six depression-related outcomes General Hospital Psychiatry 30 2008 26 31
2. H. Akaike A new look at the statistical model identification IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 19 1974 716 723
3. T. Armstrong, A. Bauman, and J. Davies Physical Activity Patterns of Australian Adults: Results of the 1999 National Physical Activity Survey 2000 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Canberra
4. F.E. Baum, R.A. Bush, C.C. Modra, C.J. Murray, E.M. Cox, K.M. Alexander, and R.C. Potter Epidemiology of participation: an Australian community study Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 54 2000 414 423
5. J.R. Beard, M. Tracy, D. Vlahov, and S. Galea Trajectory and socioeconomic predictors of depression in a prospective study of residents of New York City Annals of Epidemiology 18 2008 235 243
6. F. Boardman, F. Griffiths, R. Kokanovic, M. Potiriadis, C. Dowrick, and J. Gunn Resilience as a response to the stigma of depression: a mixed methods analysis Journal of Affective Disorders 135 2011 267 276
7. M. Brendgen, V. Lamarche, B. Wanner, and F. Vitaro Links between friendship relations and early adolescents' trajectories of depressed mood Developmental Psychology 46 2010 491 501
8. M. Brendgen, B. Wanner, A.J.S. Morin, and F. Vitaro Relations with parents and with peers, temperament, and trajectories of depressed mood during early adolescence Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 33 2005 579 594
9. T. Brown, and D. Barlow A proposal for a dimensional classification system based on the shared features of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: implications for assessment and treatment Psychological Assessment 21 2009 256 271
10. D.P. Chapman, C.L. Whitfield, V.J. Felitti, S.R. Dube, V.J. Edwards, and R.F. Anda Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood Journal of Affective Disorders 82 2004 217 225
11. C.-M. Chen, J. Mullan, D. Griffiths, I.A. Kreis, T.-Y. Lan, and H.-C. Chiu Trajectories of depression and their relationship with health status and social service use Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 53 2011 e118 e124
12. I. Colman, K. Naicker, Y.Y. Zeng, A. Ataullahjan, A. Senthilselvan, and S.B. Patten Predictors of long-term prognosis of depression Canadian Medical Association Journal 183 2011 1969 1976
13. I. Colman, G.B. Ploubidis, M.E.J. Wadsworth, P.B. Jones, and T.J. Croudace A longitudinal typology of symptoms of depression and anxiety over the life course Biological Psychiatry 62 2007 1265 1271
14. D.M. Costello, J. Swendsen, J.S. Rose, and L.C. Dierker Risk and protective factors associated with trajectories of depressed mood from adolescence to early adulthood Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 76 2008 173 183
15. J.C. Coyne, R. Thompson, M.S. Klinkman, D.E. Nease, and JR. Emotional disorders in primary care Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70 2002 798 809
16. X. Cui, J.M. Lyness, W. Tang, X. Tu, and Y. Conwell Outcomes and predictors of late-life depression trajectories in older primary care patients American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 16 2008 406 415
17. J. Das-Munshi, D. Goldberg, P.E. Bebbington, D.K. Bhugra, T.S. Brugha, M.E. Dewey, R. Jenkins, R. Stewart, and M. Prince Public health significance of mixed anxiety and depression: beyond current classification British Journal of Psychiatry 192 2008 171 177
18. M.C. Dekker, R.F. Ferdinand, N.D.J. Van Lang, I.L. Bongers, J. Van Der Ende, and F.C. Verhulst Developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence: gender differences and adult outcome Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 48 2007 657 666
19. C. Dowrick, P. Casey, O. Dalgard, C. Hosman, V. Lehtinen, J.L. Vazquez-Barquero, and G. Wilkinson Outcomes of Depression International Network (ODIN). Background, methods and field trials. ODIN Group British Journal of Psychiatry 172 1998 359 363
20. H. Dumesnil, and P. Verger Public awareness campaigns about depression and suicide: a review Psychiatric Services 60 2009 1203 1213
21. Dunion, L,; Gordon, L,; 2005. Tackling the attitude problem. The achievements to date of Scotland's 'see me' anti-stigma campaign. Mental Health Today, 22-25.
22. L. Dunn, B. Cooper, J. Neuhaus, C. West, S. Paul, B. Aouizerat, G. Abrams, J. Edrington, D. Hamolsky, and C. Miaskowski Identification of distinct depressive symptom trajectories in women following surgery for breast cancer Health Psychology 30 2011 683 692
23. P. Elliott, D. Biddle, G. Hawthorne, D. Forbes, and M. Creamer Patterns of treatment response in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an application of latent growth mixture modeling Journal of Traumatic Stress 18 2005 303 311
24. G. Gilchrist, and J. Gunn Observational studies of depression in primary care: what do we know? BMC Family Practice 8 2007 28
25. J. Gunn, D. Ayton, K. Densley, J. Pallant, P. Chondros, H. Herrman, and C. Dowrick The association between chronic illness, multimorbidity and depressive symptoms in an Australian primary care cohort Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 47 2012 175 184
26. J. Gunn, V. Palmer, C. Dowrick, H. Herrman, F. Griffiths, R. Kokanovic, G.A. Blashki, K. Hegarty, C. Johnson, M. Potiriadis, and C. MAY Embedding effective depression care: using theory for primary care organisational and systems change Implementation Science 5 2010 62 76
27. J.M. Gunn, G.P. Gilchrist, P. Chondros, M. Ramp, K.L. Hegarty, G.A. Blashki, D.C. Pond, M. Kyrios, and H.E. Herrman Who is identified when screening for depression is undertaken in general practice? Baseline findings from the Diagnosis, Management and Outcomes of Depression in Primary Care (diamond) longitudinal study Medical Journal of Australia 188 2008 S119 S125
28. K. Hegarty, J. Gunn, G. Blashki, F. Griffiths, T. Dowell, and T. Kendrick How could depression guidelines be made more relevant and applicable to primary care? A quantitative and qualitative review of national guidelines British Journal of General Practice 59 2009 e149 e156
29. K. Hegarty, M. Sheehan, and C. Schonfeld A multidimensional definition of partner abuse: development and preliminary validation of the Composite Abuse Scale Journal of Family Violence 14 1999 399 415
30. J.E. Helzer, H.C. Kraemer, and R.F. Krueger The feasibility and need for dimensional psychiatric diagnoses Psychological Medicine 36 2006 1671 1680
31. H. Herrman, D.L. Patrick, P. Diehr, M.L. Martin, M. Fleck, G.E. Simon, and D.P. Buesching Longitudinal investigation of depression outcomes in primary care in six countries: the LIDO study. Functional status, health service use and treatment of people with depressive symptoms Psychological Medicine 32 2002 889 902
32. S.-I. Hong, L. Hasche, and S. Bowland Structural relationships between social activities and longitudinal trajectories of depression among older adults The Gerontologist 49 2009 1 11
33. A.V. Horwitz, and J.C. Wakefield The Loss of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow Into Depressive Disorder 2007 Oxford University Press New York
34. J.-F. Huang, R.-H. Wong, C.-C. Chen, I.F. Mao, C.-C. Huang, W.-H. Chang, and L. Wang Trajectory of depression symptoms and related factors in later life: a population based study Journal of Affective Disorders 133 2011 499 508
35. T.R. Insel Translating scientific opportunity into public health impact: a strategic plan for research on mental illness Archives of General Psychiatry 66 2009 128 133
36. A. Interian, A. Ang, M.A. Gara, M.A. Rodriguez, and W.A. Vega The long-term trajectory of depression among Latinos in primary care and its relationship to depression care disparities General Hospital Psychiatry 33 2011 94 101
37. A.F. Jorm, H. Christensen, and K.M. Griffiths The impact of beyondblue: the national depression initiative on the Australian public's recognition of depression and beliefs about treatments Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39 2005 248 254
38. R.E. Kass, and A.E. Raftery Bayes factors Journal of the American Statistical Association 90 1995 773 795
39. D.A. Katerndahl, A.C. Larme, R.F. Palmer, and N. Amodei Reflections on DSM classification and its utility in primary care: case studies in Mental Disorders Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 7 2005 91 99
40. T. Kendrick, C. Dowrick, A. Mcbride, A. Howe, P. Clarke, S. Maisey, M. Moore, and P.W. Smith Management of depression in UK general practice in relation to scores on depression severity questionnaires: analysis of medical record data British Medical Journal 338 2009 b750
41. D. Kessler, D. Sharp, and G. Lewis Screening for depression in primary care British Journal of General Practice 55 2005 659 660
42. D.N. Klein Classification of depressive disorders in the DSM-V: proposal for a two-dimension system Journal of Abnormal Psychology 117 2008 552 560
43. D.N. Klein, S.A. Shankman, and S. Rose Dysthymic disorder and double depression: Prediction of 10-year course trajectories and outcomes Journal of Psychiatric Research 42 2008 408 415
44. M.N. Kuchibhatla, and G.G. Fillenbaum Trajectory classes of depression in a randomized depression trial of heart failure patients: a reanalysis of the SADHART-CHF Trial American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy 9 2011 483 494
45. F. Lamers, D.E. Jonge, P. Nolen, W.A. Smit, J.H. Zitman, F.G. Beekman, A.T.F,; and B. Penninx Identifying depressive subtypes in a large cohort study: results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 71 2010 1582 1589
46. K.D. Lincoln, and D.T. Takeuchi Variation in the trajectories of depressive symptoms: results from the Americans' Changing Lives Study Biodemography and Social Biology 56 2010 24 41
47. P. Lockhart, and B. Guthrie Trends in primary care antidepressant prescribing 1995-2007: a longitudinal population database analysis British Journal of General Practice 61 2011 e565 e572
48. H.L. Macmillan, J.E. Fleming, N. Trocme, M.H. Boyle, M. Wong, Y.A. Racine, W.R. Beardslee, and D.R. Offord Prevalence of child physical and sexual abuse in the community. Results from the Ontario Health Supplement JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 278 1997 131 135
49. Magpie Research Group, 2005. The effectiveness of case-finding for mental health problems in primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 55
50. Magpie Research Group, J. Bushnell, D. Mcleod, A. Dowell, C. Salmond, S. Ramage, S. Collings, P. Ellis, M. Kljakovic, and L. Mcbain The treatment of common mental health problems in general practice Family Practice 23 2006 53 59
51. S.C. Marcus, and M. Olfson National trends in the treatment for depression from 1998 to 2007 Archives of General Psychiatry 67 2010 1265 1273
52. K.R. Merikangas, H. Zhang, S. Avenevoli, S. Acharyya, M. Neuenschwander, and J. Angst Longitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety in a prospective community study: the Zurich Cohort Study Archives of General Psychiatry 60 2003 993 1000
53. M. Moore, H.M. Yuen, N. Dunn, M.A. Mullee, J. Maskell, and T. Kendrick Explaining the rise in antidepressant prescribing: a descriptive study using the general practice research database British Medical Journa 339 2009 b3999
54. P.A. Mora, I.M. Bennett, I.T. Elo, L. Mathew, J.C. Coyne, and J.F. Culhane Distinct trajectories of perinatal depressive symptomatology: evidence from growth mixture modeling American Journal of Epidemiology 169 2009 24 32
55. B. Muthen, T. Asparouhov, A.M. Hunter, and A.F. Leuchter Growth modeling with nonignorable dropout: alternative analyses of the STARD antidepressant trial Psychological Methods 16 2011 17 33
56. B.O. Muthén, and L.K. Muthén Integrating person-centered and variable centered analyses: growth mixture modelling with latent trajectory classes Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 24 2000 882 891
57. L. Muthen, and B. Muthen Mplus 6th ed. 2010 Muthén & Muthén Los Angeles, CA
58. D. Nagin Analyzing developmental trajectories: a semiparametric, group-based approach Psychological Methods 4 1999 139 157
59. J.S. Norbeck Modification of life event questionnaires for use with female respondents Research in Nursing and Health 7 1984 61 71
60. P. Ööpik, A. Aluoja, R. Kalda, and H.-I. Maaroos Screening for depression in primary care Family Practice 23 2006 693 698
61. V. Palmer, J. Gunn, R. Kokanovic, F. Griffiths, B. Shrimpton, R. Hurworth, H. Herrman, C. Johnson, K. Hegarty, G. Blashki, E. Butler, K. Johnston-Ata'ata, and C. Dowrick Diverse voices, simple desires: a conceptual design for primary care to respond to depression and related disorders Family Practice 27 2010 447 458
62. R.A. Parslow, and A.F. Jorm Who uses mental health services in Australia? An analysis of data from the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34 2000 997 1008
63. M. Potiriadis, P. Chondros, G. Gilchrist, K. Hegarty, G. Blashki, and J.M. Gunn How do Australian patients rate their general practitioner? A descriptive study using the General Practice Assessment Questionnaire Medical Journal of Australia 189 2008 215 219
64. M. Prins, G. Meadows, I. Bobevski, A. Graham, P. Verhaak, K. Van der meer, B. Penninx, and J. Bensing Perceived need for mental health care and barriers to care in the Netherlands and Australia Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 46 2011 1033 1044
65. L.S. Radloff The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population Applied Psychological Measurement 1 1977 385 401
66. D.A. Regier, W.E. Narrow, E.A.K.P. D,; and D.J. Kupfer The Conceptual Evolution of DSM-5 2010 American Psychiatric Publishing Arlington
67. D. Rhebergen, F. Lamers, J. Spijker, Graaf De, Beekman R,; A.T.F,; and B.W.J.H. Penninx Course trajectories of unipolar depressive disorders identified by latent class growth analysis Psychological Medicine 42 2012 1383 1396
68. S. Rix, E.S. Paykel, P. Lelliott, A. Tylee, P. Freeling, L. Gask, and D. Hart Impact of a national campaign on GP education: an evaluation of the Defeat Depression Campaign British Journal of General Practice 49 1999 99 102
69. K.M. Rost, N. Duan, L.V. Rubenstein, D.E. Ford, C.D. Sherbourne, L.S. Meredith, and K.B. Wells The quality improvement for depression collaboration: general analytic strategies for a coordinated study of quality improvement in depression care General Hospital Psychiatry 23 2001 239 253
70. I.G. Sarason, J.H. Johnson, and J.M. Siegel Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the Life Experiences Survey Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 46 1978 932 946
71. I.G. Sarason, B. Sarason, E. Shearin, and G. Pierce A brief measure of social support: practical and theoretical implications Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 4 1987 497
72. S.M. Skevington, M. Lotfy, and K.A. O'connell The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group Quality of Life Research 13 2004 299 310
73. A. Skipstein, H. Janson, M. Stoolmiller, and K. Mathiesen Trajectories of maternal symptoms of anxiety and depression. A 13-year longitudinal study of a population-based sample BMC Public Health 10 2010 589 600
74. R.L. Spitzer, K. Kroenke, and J.B. Williams Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. Patient health questionnaire JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 282 1999 1737 1744
75. StataCorp Stata Statistical Software 12th ed. 2011 StateCorp LP College Station, TX
76. M. Stoolmiller, H.K. Kim, and D.M. Capaldi The course of depressive symptoms in men from early adolescence to young adulthood: identifying latent trajectories and early predictors Journal of Abnormal Psychology 114 2005 331 345
77. C. Thompson, K. Ostler, R. Peveler, N. Baker, and A. Kinmonth Dimensional perspective on the recognition of depressive symptoms in primary care: The Hampshire Depression Project 3 British Journal of Psychiatry 179 2001 317 323
78. K. Tomey, M.R. Sowers, S. Harlow, M. Jannausch, H. Zheng, and J. Bromberger Physical functioning among mid-life women: associations with trajectory of depressive symptoms Social Science and Medicine 71 2010 1259 1267
79. U.S. Preventive services Task Force Screening for depression in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Annals of Internal Medicine 151 2009 784-W256
80. E. Van Weel-Baumgarten, H. Schers, W.J. Van Den Bosch, H. Van Den Hoogen, and F.G. Zitman Long-term follow-up of depression among patients in the community and in family practice settings: a systematic review Journal of Family Practice 49 2000 1113 1120
81. E.M. Van Weel-Baumgarten, W.J. Van Den Bosch, H.J. Van Den Hoogen, and F.G. Zitman Ten year follow-up of depression after diagnosis in general practice British Journal of General Practice 48 1998 1643 1646
82. G. Vaughan, and C. Hansen 'Like Minds, Like Mine': a New Zealand project to counter the stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness Australasian Psychiatry 12 2004 113 117
83. M. Vuorilehto, T. Melartin, Auml Isomets, and Erkki Depressive disorders in primary care: recurrent, chronic, and co-morbid Psychological Medicine 35 2005 673 682
84. J. Ware, M. Kosinski, and S.D. Keller A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity Medical Care 34 1996 220 233
85. World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-Auto), Version 2.1 1997 World Health Organization Geneva
86. Yaroslavsky, I,; Pettit, J.W,; Lewinsohn, P.M,; Seeley, J.R,; Roberts, R.E,; Heterogeneous trajectories of depressive symptoms: adolescent predictors and adult outcomes. Journal of Affective Disorder, 10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.028, this issue.