Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Trajectories of Depressed Mood From Adolescence to Early Adulthood

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 76, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 173-183

  Costello, Darcé M ^a   Swendsen, Joel ^b   Rose, Jennifer S ^a,c   Dierker, Lisa C ^a  

^a WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CNRS   (France)

^c BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

adolescence; depressed mood trajectories; longitudinal; person centered analysis; risk and protective factors

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT HEALTH; ADOLESCENT SMOKING; ADULT; ADULTHOOD; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; ASIAN AMERICAN; CANNABIS SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FAMILY FUNCTIONING; FEMALE; HISPANIC; HUMAN; JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PARAMETER; PEER GROUP; RISK FACTOR; SCHOOL CHILD; SELF ESTEEM; SELF REPORT; SOCIAL STATUS;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEPRESSION; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SELF CONCEPT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 42049117514     PISSN: 0022006X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.173     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Allgood-Merten B., and Lewinsohn P. Sex differences in adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 99 (1990) 55-63
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. (1994), Author, Washington, DC
3. Angold A., and Costello E. Puberty and depression. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 15 (2006) 919-937
4. Angold A., Costello E., and Erkanli A. Comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40 (1999) 57-87
5. Angold A., Erkanli A., Silberg J., Eaves L., and Costello E. Depression scale scores in 8-17-year-olds: Effects of age and gender. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43 (2002) 1052-1063
6. Angold A., and Rutter M. Effects of age and pubertal status on depression in a large clinical sample. Development and Psychopathology 4 (1992) 5-28
7. Bates M. Integrating person-centered and variable-centered approaches of developmental courses and transitions in alcohol use: Introduction to the special section. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 24 (2000) 878-881
8. Brendgen M., Wanner B., Morin A., and Vitaro F. Relations with parents and with peers, temperament, and trajectories of depressed mood during early adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 33 (2005) 579-594
9. Brook J., Schuster E., and Zhang C. Cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study of adolescents and young adults. Psychological Reports 95 (2004) 159-166
10. Brown R., Lewinsohn P., Seeley J., and Wagner E. Cigarette smoking, major depression, and other psychiatric disorders among adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 35 (1996) 1602-1610
11. Cardemil E., Reivich K., and Seligman M. The prevention of depressive symptoms in low-income minority middle school students. Prevention & Treatment 5 (2002) Article 8
12. Cecchini, T. (1997). An interpersonal and cognitive-behavioral approach to childhood depression: A school-based primary prevention study. Dissertation Abstracts International, 58, 12B. (UMI No. 9820698)
13. Chantala K. Introduction to analyzing Add Health data (2003). http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/files/analyze.pdf Retrieved February 4, 2006, from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/files/analyze.pdf
14. Chantala K., and Tabor J. Strategies to perform a design-based analysis using the Add Health data (1999). http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/strategies.html Retrieved March 21, 2006, from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/strategies.html
15. Choi W., Patten C., Gillen J., Kaplan R., and Pierce J. Cigarette smoking predicts development of depressive symptoms among U.S. adolescents. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 19 (1997) 42-50
16. Cicchetti D., and Toth S. The development of depression in children and adolescents. American Psychologist 53 (1998) 221-241
17. Cohen J., Cohen P., West S., and Aiken L. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. 3rd ed. (2003), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
18. Colder C., Mehta P., Balanda K., Campbell R., Mayhew K., Stanton W., et al. Identifying trajectories of adolescent smoking: An application of latent growth mixture modeling. Health Psychology 20 (2001) 127-135
19. Cole D., Tram J., Martin J., Hoffman K., Ruiz M., Jacquez F., and Maschman T. Individual differences in the emergence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A longitudinal investigation of parent and child reports. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 111 (2002) 156-165
20. Compas B., Hinden B., and Gerhardt C. Adolescent development: Pathways and processes of risk and resilience. Annual Review of Psychology 40 (1995) 265-293
21. Costello E., Egger H., and Angold A. 10-year research update review: The epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: I. Methods and public health burden. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 44 (2005) 972-986
22. Costello E., Mustillo S., Erkanli A., Keeler G., and Angold A. Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry 60 (2003) 837-844
23. Costello E., Pine D., Hammen C., March J., Plotsky P., Weissman M., et al. Development and natural history of mood disorders. Biological Psychiatry 52 (2002) 529-542
24. Cyranowski J., Frank E., Young E., and Shear K. Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression: A theoretical model. Archives of General Psychiatry 57 (2000) 21-27
25. Galambos N., Leadbeater B., and Barker E. Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescence: A 4-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Development 28 (2004) 16-25
26. Garber J. Depression in children and adolescents: Linking risk research and prevention. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 31 Suppl. 1 (2006) S104-S125
27. Garber J., Keiley M., and Martin N. Developmental trajectories of adolescents' depressive symptoms: Predictors of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70 (2002) 79-95
28. Ge X., Conger R., and Elder G. Coming of age too early: Pubertal influences on girls' vulnerability to psychological distress. Child Development 67 (1996) 3386-3400
29. Ge X., Conger R., and Elder G. Pubertal transition, stressful life events, and the emergence of gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms. Developmental Psychology 37 (2001) 404-417
30. Ge X., Conger R., and Elder G. The relation between puberty and psychological distress in adolescent boys. Journal of Research on Adolescence 11 (2001) 49-70
31. Ge X., Kim I., Brody G., Conger R., Simons R., Gibbons F., and Cutrona C. It's about timing and change: Pubertal transition effects on symptoms of major depression among African American youths. Developmental Psychology 39 (2003) 430-439
32. Ge X., Lorenz F., Conger R., Elder G., and Simons R. Trajectories of stressful life events and depressive symptoms during adolescence. Developmental Psychology 30 (1994) 467-483
33. Ge X., Natsuaki M., and Conger R. Trajectories of depressive symptoms and stressful life events among male and female adolescents in divorced and nondivorced families. Development and Psychopathology 18 (2006) 253-273
34. Gillham J., Reivich K., Jaycox L., and Seligman M. Prevention of depressive symptoms in schoolchildren: Two-year follow-up. Psychological Science 6 (1995) 343-351
35. Goodman E., and Capitman J. Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among teens. Pediatrics 106 (2000) 748-755
36. Gutman L., and Eccles J. Stage-environment fit during adolescence: Trajectories of family relations and adolescent outcomes. Developmental Psychology 43 (2007) 522-537
37. Gutman L., and Sameroff A. Continuities of depression from adolescence to young adulthood: Contrasting ecological influences. Development and Psychopathology 16 (2004) 967-984
38. Hankin B., Abramson L., Moffitt T., Silva P., McGee R., and Angell K. Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 107 (1998) 128-140
39. Hankin B., Mermelstein R., and Roesch L. Sex differences in adolescent depression: Stress exposure and reactivity models. Child Development 78 (2007) 279-295
40. Hart D., Atkins R., and Fegley S. Personality and development in childhood: A person centered approach. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 68 (2003) 1-108
41. Horowitz J., and Garber J. The prevention of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74 (2006) 401-415
42. Jaycox L., Reivich K., Gillham J., and Seligman M. Prevention of depressive symptoms in school children. Behavior Research and Therapy 32 (1994) 801-816
43. Jones B., Nagin D., and Roeder K. A SAS procedure based on mixture models for estimating developmental trajectories. Sociological Methods and Research 29 (2001) 384-393
44. Kandel D., and Davies M. Epidemiology of depressive mood in adolescents: An empirical study. Archives of General Psychiatry 39 (1982) 1205-1212
45. Kessler R., and Walters E. Epidemiology of DSM-III-R major depression and minor depression among adolescents and young adults in the National Comorbidity Survey. Depression and Anxiety 7 (1998) 3-14
46. Koenig L., and Gladstone T. Pubertal development and school transitions: Joint influences on depressive symptoms in middle and late adolescents. Behavior Modification 22 (1998) 335-357
47. Kovacs M., Feinberg T., Crouse-Novak M., Paulauskas S., and Finkelstein R. Depressive disorders in childhood. Archives of General Psychiatry 41 (1984) 229-237
48. Lewinsohn P., Clarke G., Seeley J., and Rohde P. Major depression in community adolescents: Age at onset, episode duration, and time to recurrence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 33 (1994) 809-818
49. Lewinsohn P., Hops H., Roberts R., Seeley J., and Andrews J. Adolescent psychopathology: I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III-R disorders in high school students. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 102 (1993) 133-144
50. Lewinsohn P., Roberts R., Seeley J., Rohde P., Gotlib I., and Hops H. Adolescent psychopathology: II. Psychosocial risk factors for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103 (1994) 302-315
51. Little T., Cunningham W., and Shahar G. To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling 9 (2002) 151-173
52. Magnusson D. The logic and implications of a person-oriented approach. In: Cairns R., and Bergman L. (Eds). Methods and models for studying the individual (1998), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 33-64
53. Magnusson D. The person approach: Concepts, measurement models, and research strategy. In: Peck S.C., and Roeser R.W. (Eds). New directions for child and adolescent development: Person-centered approaches to studying development in context 101 (2003), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 3-23
54. Miyazaki Y., and Raudenbush S. Testing for linkage of multiple cohorts in an accelerated longitudinal design. Psychological Methods 5 (2000) 44-63
55. Muthén B., and Muthén L. Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analyses: Groth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 24 (2000) 882-891
56. Nagin D. Analyzing developmental trajectories: A semi-parametric group-based approach. Psychological Methods 4 (1999) 139-157
57. Nagin D. Group-based modeling of development (2005), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
58. Nagin D., and Tremblay R. What has been learned from group-based trajectory modeling? Examples from physical aggression and other problem behaviors. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 602 (2005) 82-117
59. Nolen-Hoeksema S. An interactive model for the emergence of gender differences in depression in adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence 4 (1994) 519-534
60. Nolen-Hoeksema S. Gender differences in depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science 10 (2001) 173-176
61. Nolen-Hoeksema S., and Girgus J. The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin 115 (1994) 424-443
62. Nolen-Hoeksema S., Larson J., and Grayson C. Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (1999) 1061-1072
63. Orlando M., Tucker J., Ellickson P., and Klein D. Developmental trajectories of cigarette smoking and their correlates from early adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72 (2004) 400-410
64. Perreira K., Deeb-Sossa N., Harris K., and Bollen K. What are we measuring? An evaluation of the CES-D across race/ethnicity and immigrant generation. Social Forces 83 (2005) 1567-1602
65. Radloff L. The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1 (1977) 385-401
66. Raudenbush S. Comparing personal trajectories and drawing causal inferences from longitudinal data. Annual Review of Psychology 52 (2001) 501-525
67. Reinecke M., Ryan N., and DuBois D. Cognitive-behavioral therapy of depression and depressive symptoms during adolescence: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37 (1998) 26-34
68. Repetto P., Caldwell C., and Zimmerman M. Trajectories of depressive symptoms among high risk African-American adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 35 (2004) 468-477
69. Resnick M., Bearman P., Blum R., Bauman K., Harris K., Jones J., et al. Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 278 (1997) 823-832
70. Rodriguez D., Moss H., and Audrain-McGovern J. Developmental heterogeneity in adolescent depressive symptoms: Associations with smoking behavior. Psychosomatic Medicine 67 (2005) 200-210
71. Rohde P., Lewinsohn P., and Seeley J. Comorbidity of unipolar depression: II. Comorbidity with other mental disorders in adolescents and adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100 (1991) 214-222
72. Roosa M., Gensheimer L., Short J., Ayers T., and Shell R. A preventive intervention for children in alcoholic families: Results of a pilot study. Family Relations 38 (1989) 295-300
73. Rutter M. Age changes in depressive disorders: Some developmental considerations. In: Garber J., and Dodge K. (Eds). The development of emotional regulation and dysregulation (1991), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 273-300
74. Schrier L., Harris S., Kurland M., and Knight J. Substance use problems and associated psychiatric symptoms among adolescents in primary care. Pediatrics 111 (2003) e699-e705
75. Shocet I., Dadds M., Ham D., and Montague R. School connectedness is an underemphasized parameter in adolescent mental health: Results of a community prediction study. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 35 (2006) 170-179
76. Singer J., and Willett J. Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence (2003), Oxford University Press, New York
77. Spence S., and Shortt A. Research review: Can we justify the widespread dissemination of universal, school-based interventions for the prevention of depression among children and adolescents?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 48 (2007) 526-542
78. Steinberg L. Adolescence. 7th ed. (2005), McGraw-Hill, New York
79. Stoolmiller M., Kim H., and Capaldi D. The course of depressive symptoms in men from early adolescence to young adulthood: Identifying latent trajectories and early predictors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 114 (2005) 331-334
80. Wade T., Cairney J., and Pevalin D. Emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence: National panel results from three countries. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 41 (2002) 190-198
81. Wang, V. (2006, March). Trajectories of adolescent depression and gender/racial disparity. Paper presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA.
82. Wight R., Aneshensel C., Botticello A., and Sepulveda J. A multilevel analysis of ethnic variation in depressive symptoms among adolescents in the United States. Social Science & Medicine 60 (2005) 2073-2084
83. Willett J., Singer J., and Martin N. The design and analysis of longitudinal studies of development and psychopathology in context: Statistical models and methodological recommendations. Development and Psychopathology 10 (1998) 394-426
84. Windle M. Temperament and social support in adolescence: Interrelations with depressive symptoms and delinquent behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 21 (1992) 1-21
85. World Health Organization. (n.d.). Mental health: Depression. Retrieved May 1, 2007, from http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/definition/en/