Mesoscale energy spectra of moist baroclinic waves

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 70, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1242-1256

  Waite, Michael L ^a   Snyder, Chris ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Baroclinic flows; Inertia gravity waves; Mesoscale processes; Turbulence

Indexed keywords

BAROCLINIC FLOWS; INERTIA-GRAVITY WAVES; INERTIAL SUBRANGE; KINETIC ENERGY SPECTRA; KINETIC-ENERGY DECAY; MESOSCALE PROCESS; MESOSCALE SPECTRA; UPPER TROPOSPHERE;

BUOYANCY; GRAVITY WAVES; KINETICS; SPECTROSCOPY; TROPOSPHERE; TURBULENCE;

KINETIC ENERGY;

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE; BAROCLINIC MOTION; BAROCLINIC WAVE; GRAVITY WAVE; KINETIC ENERGY; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; NUMERICAL MODEL; TROPOSPHERE; TURBULENCE;

EID: 84877672583     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0347.1     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Babin, A., A. Mahalov, B. Nicolaenko, and Y. Zhou, 1997: On the asymptotic regimes and the strongly stratified limit of rotating Boussinesq equations. Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 9, 223-251.
2. Bartello, P., 1995: Geostrophic adjustment and inverse cascades in rotating stratified turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4410-4428.
3. Bartello, P., 2010: Quasigeostrophic and stratified turbulence in the atmosphere. Proc. IUTAM Symp. on Turbulence in the Atmosphere and Oceans, Cambridge, United Kingdom, IUTAM, 117-130.
4. Betts, A. K., and M. J. Miller, 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX,ATEX and arctic airmass data sets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693-709.
5. Charney, J. G., 1971: Geostrophic turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1087-1095.
6. Cho, J. Y. N., and Coauthors, 1999a: Horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, temperature, and trace gases during the Pacific Exploratory Missions: 1. Climatology. J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D5), 5697-5716.
7. Cho, J. Y. N., and Coauthors, 1999b: Horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, temperature, and trace gases duringthe Pacific Exploratory Missions: 2. Gravity waves, quasi-twodimensional turbulence, and vortical modes. J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D13), 16 297-16 308.
8. Davidson, P. A., 2004: Turbulence: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers. Oxford University Press, 678 pp.
9. Davis, C. A., 2010: Simulations of subtropical cyclones in a baroclinic channel model. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2871-2892.
10. Dewan, E. M., 1979: Stratospheric wave spectra resembling turbulence. Science, 204, 832-835.
11. Done, J., C. A. Davis, and M. Weisman, 2004: The next generation of NWP: Explicit forecasts of convection using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 5, 110-117.
12. Gage, K. S., 1979: Evidence for a k25/3 law inertial range in mesoscale two-dimensional turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1950-1954.
13. Gkioulekas, E., and K. K. Tung, 2005a: On the double cascades of energy and enstrophy in two dimensional turbulence. Part 1. Theoretical formulation. Discrete Contin.Dyn. Syst., 5B, 79-102.
14. Gkioulekas, E., and K. K. Tung, 2005b: On the double cascades of energy and enstrophy in two dimensional turbulence. Part 2. Approach to the KLB limit and interpretation of experimental evidence. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 5B, 103-124.
15. Gutowski, W. J., L. E. Branscome, and D. A. Stewart, 1992: Life cycles of moist baroclinic eddies. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 306-319.
16. Hamilton, K., Y. O. Takahashi, and W. Ohfuchi, 2008: The mesoscale spectrum of atmospheric motions investigated in a very fine resolution global general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D18110, doi:10.1029/2008JD009785.
17. Holloway, G., 1988: The buoyancy flux from internal gravity wave breaking. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 12, 107-125.
18. Hong, S.-Y., J. Dudhia, and S.-H. Chen, 2004: A revised approach to ice microphysical processes for the bulk parameterization of clouds and precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 103-120.
19. Janjić, Z. I., 1994: The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927-945.
20. Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1990: A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784-2802.
21. Kessler, E., 1969: On the Distribution and Continuity of Water Substance in the Atmosphere Circulations. Meteor. Monogr., No. 32, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 246 pp.
22. Kitamura, Y., and Y. Matsuda, 2010: Energy cascade processes in rotating stratified turbulence with application to the atmospheric mesoscale. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D11104, doi:10.1029/2009JD012368.
23. Klemp, J. B., J. Dudhia, and A. D. Hassiotis, 2008: An upper gravity-wave absorbing layer for NWP applications. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 3987-4004.
24. Kolmogorov, A. N., 1941: The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds number. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 30, 301-305.
25. Koshyk, J. N., and K. Hamilton, 2001: The horizontal kinetic energy spectrum and spectral budget simulated by a high-resolution troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 329-348.
26. Kraichnan, R. H., 1967: Inertial ranges in two-dimensional turbulence. Phys. Fluids, 10, 1417-1423.
27. Lelong, M.-P., and J. J. Riley, 1991: Internal wave-vortical mode interactions in strongly stratified flows. J. FluidMech., 232, 1-19.
28. Lilly, D. K., 1983: Stratified turbulence and the mesoscale variability of the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 749-761.
29. Lindborg, E., 1999: Can the atmospheric kinetic energy spectrum be explained by two-dimensional turbulence? J. Fluid Mech., 388, 259-288.
30. Lindborg, E., 2006: The energy cascade in a strongly stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech., 550, 207-242.
31. Lindborg, E., 2007: Horizontal wavenumber spectra of vertical vorticity and horizontal divergence in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1017-1025.
32. Lindborg, E., and J. Y. N. Cho, 2001: Horizontal velocity structure functions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. 2. Theoretical considerations. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D10), 10 233-10 241.
33. Nastrom, G. D., and K. S. Gage, 1985: A climatology of atmospheric wavenumber spectra observed by commercial aircraft. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 950-960.
34. Noh, Y., W. G. Cheon, S.-Y. Hong, and S. Raasch, 2003: Improvement of the K-profile model for the planetary boundary layer based on large eddy simulation data. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 107, 401-427.
35. O'Sullivan, D., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1995: Generation of inertia-gravity waves in a simulated life cycle of baroclinic instability. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3695-3716.
36. Plougonven, R., and C. Snyder, 2005: Gravity waves excited by jets: Propagation versus generation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18802, doi:10.1029/2005GL023730.
37. Plougonven, R., and C. Snyder, 2007: Inertia-gravity waves spontaneously generated by jets and fronts. Part I: Different baroclinic life cycles. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2502-2520.
38. Rotunno, R., W. C. Skamarock, and C. Snyder, 1994: An analysis of frontogenesis in numerical simulations of baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3373-3398.
39. Skamarock, W. C., 2004: Evaluating mesoscale NWP models using kinetic energy spectra. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 3019-3032.
40. Skamarock, W. C., and J. B. Klemp, 2008: A time-split nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather research and forecasting applications. J. Comput. Phys., 227, 3465-3485.
41. Skamarock, W. C., and Coauthors, 2008: A description of the Advanced Research WRF version 3. NCAR Tech. Note 4751STR, 113 pp.
42. Snyder, C., and R. S. Lindzen, 1991: Quasigeostrophic wave-CISK in an unbounded baroclinic shear. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 76-86.
43. Snyder, C., W. C. Skamarock, and R. Rotunno, 1991: A comparison of primitive-equation and semigeostrophic simulations of baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2179-2194.
44. Takahashi, Y. O., K. Hamilton, and W. Ohfuchi, 2006: Explicit global simulations of the mesoscale spectrum of atmospheric motions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12812, doi:10.1029/2006GL026429.
45. Thorpe, A. J., and K. A. Emanuel, 1985: Frontogenesis in the presence of small stability to slantwise convection. J. Atmos.Sci., 42, 1809-1824.
46. Tulloch, R., and K. S. Smith, 2009: Quasigeostrophic turbulence with explicit surface dynamics: Application to the atmospheric energy spectrum. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 450-467.
47. Tung, K. K., and W. W. Orlando, 2003: The k23 and k25/3 energy spectrum of atmospheric turbulence: Quasigeostrophic twolevel model simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 824-835.
48. VanZandt, T. E., 1982: A universal spectrum of buoyancy waves in the atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 575-578.
49. Waite, M. L., and P. Bartello, 2004: Stratified turbulence dominated by vortical motion. J. Fluid Mech., 517, 281-308.
50. Waite, M. L., and C. Snyder, 2009: The mesoscale kinetic energy spectrum of a baroclinic life cycle. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 883-901.
51. Whitaker, J. S., and C. A. Davis, 1994: Cyclogenesis in a saturated environment. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 889-907.