Aerobic exercise and strength training effects on cardiovascular sympathetic function in healthy adults: A randomized controlled trial

Psychosomatic Medicine

Volumn 75, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 375-381

  Alex, Christian ^a   Lindgren, Martin ^a   Shapiro, Peter A ^b   McKinley, Paula S ^b   Brondolo, Elizabeth N ^c   Myers, Michael M ^b   Zhao, Yihong ^d   Sloan, Richard P ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^b Department of Medicine   (United States)

^c ST JOHN'S UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

aerobic exercise; low frequency blood pressure variability; preejection period; randomized controlled trial; sympathetic nervous system

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AEROBIC CAPACITY; AEROBIC EXERCISE; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY; CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT; CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEART PREEJECTION PERIOD; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; IMPEDANCE CARDIOGRAPHY; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESISTANCE TRAINING; REST; SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE; SYMPATHETIC FUNCTION;

EID: 84877585470     PISSN: 00333174     EISSN: 15347796     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182906810     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Malpas SC. Sympathetic nervous system overactivity and its role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Physiol Reviews 2010; 90: 513-57.
2. Julius S, Nesbitt S. Sympathetic overactivity in hypertension. A moving target. Am J Hypertens 1996; 9: 113SY20S.
3. Schlaich MP, Lambert E, Kaye DM, Krozowski Z, Campbell DJ, Lambert G, Hastings J, Aggarwal A, Esler MD. Sympathetic augmentation in hypertension: role of nerve firing, norepinephrine reuptake, and angiotensin neuromodulation. Hypertension 2004; 43: 169-75.
4. Zipes DP. Heart-brain interactions in cardiac arrhythmias: role of the autonomic nervous system. Cleve Clinic J Med 2008; 75(Suppl 2): S94-6.
5. Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT, Garberg V, Lura D, Francis GS, Simon AB, Rector T. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 819-23.
6. Ryden L, Standl E, Bartnik M, Van den Berghe G, Betteridge J, de Boer MJ, Cosentino F, Jonsson B, Laakso M, Malmberg K, Priori S, Ostergren J, Tuomilehto J, Thrainsdottir I, Vanhorebeek I, Stramba-Badiale M, Lindgren P, Qiao Q, Priori SG, Blanc JJ, Budaj A, Camm J, Dean V, Deckers J, Dickstein K, Lekakis J, McGregor K, Metra M, Morais J, Osterspey A, Tamargo J, Zamorano JL, Deckers JW, Bertrand M, Charbonnel B, Erdmann E, Ferrannini E, Flyvbjerg A, Gohlke H, Juanatey JR, Graham I, Monteiro PF, Parhofer K, Pyorala K, Raz I, Schernthaner G, Volpe M, Wood D, Task Force on D, Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of C, European Association for the Study of D. Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: executive summary. The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 88-136.
7. Scheuer J, Tipton CM. Cardiovascular adaptations to physical training. Annu Rev Physiol 1977; 39: 221-51.
8. Sloan RP, Shapiro PA, DeMeersman RE, Bagiella E, Brondolo EN, McKinley PS, Crowley O, Zhao Y, Schwartz JE, Myers MM. Impact of aerobic training on cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from challenge. Psychosom Med 2011; 73: 134-41.
9. Carter JB, Banister EW, Blaber AP. The effect of age and gender on heart rate variability after endurance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1333-40.
10. Hautala AJ, Makikallio TH, Kiviniemi A, Laukkanen RT, Nissila S, Huikuri HV, Tulppo MP. Heart rate dynamics after controlled training followed by a home-based exercise program. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 92: 289-97.
11. Okazaki K, Iwasaki K, Prasad A, Palmer MD, Martini ER, Fu Q, Arbab-Zadeh A, Zhang R, Levine BD. Dose-response relationship of endurance training for autonomic circulatory control in healthy seniors. J Appl Physiol. 2005; 99: 1041-9.
12. Tulppo MP, Hautala AJ, Makikallio TH, Laukkanen RT, Nissila S, Hughson RL, Huikuri HV. Effects of aerobic training on heart rate dynamics in sedentary subjects. J Appl Physiol 2003; 95: 364-72.
13. Bertagnolli M, Schenkel PC, Campos C, Mostarda CT, Casarini DE, Bello-Klein A, Irigoyen MC, Rigatto K. Exercise training reduces sympathetic modulation on cardiovascular system and cardiac oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2008; 21: 1188-93.
14. DiCarlo SE, Collins HL, Rodenbaugh DW, Smitha MR, Berger RD, Yeragani VK. Daily exercise reduces measures of heart rate and blood pressure variability in hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2002; 24: 221-34.
15. Fraga R, Franco FG, Roveda F, de Matos LN, Braga AM, Rondon MU, Rotta DR, Brum PC, Barretto AC, Middlekauff HR, Negrao CE. Exercise training reduces sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure patients treated with carvedilol. Eur J Heart Fail 2007; 9: 630-6.
16. Roveda F, Middlekauff HR, Rondon MU, Reis SF, Souza M, Nastari L, Barretto AC, Krieger EM, Negrao CE. The effects of exercise training on sympathetic neural activation in advanced heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 854-60.
17. Mimura J, Yuasa F, Yuyama R, Kawamura A, Iwasaki M, Sugiura T, Iwasaka T. The effect of residential exercise training on baroreflex control of heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest 2005; 127: 1108-15.
18. Ray CA, Hume KM. Sympathetic neural adaptations to exercise training in humans: insights from microneurography. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30: 387-91.
19. Cornelissen VA, Fagard RH. Effects of endurance training on blood pressure, blood pressure-regulating mechanisms, and cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension 2005; 46: 667-75.
20. Kelsey RM, Alpert BS, Patterson SM, Barnard M. Racial differences in hemodynamic responses to environmental thermal stress among adolescents. Circulation 2000; 101: 2284-9.
21. Richter M, Baeriswyl E, Roets A. Personality effects on cardiovascular reactivity: need for closure moderates the impact of task difficulty on engagement-related myocardial beta-adrenergic activity. Psychophysiology 2012; 49: 704-7.
22. Sherwood A, Allen MT, Fahrenberg J, Kelsey RM, Lovallo WR, van Doornen LJ. Methodological guidelines for impedance cardiography. Psychophysiology 1990; 27: 1-23.
23. Mezzacappa ES, Kelsey RM, Katkin ES. The effects of epinephrine administration on impedance cardiographic measures of cardiovascular function. Int J Psychophysiol 1999; 31: 189-96.
24. Schachinger H, Weinbacher M, Kiss A, Ritz R, Langewitz W. Cardiovascular indices of peripheral and central sympathetic activation. Psychosom Med 2001; 63: 788-96.
25. Benschop RJ, Nieuwenhuis EE, Tromp EA, Godaert GL, Ballieux RE, van Doornen LJ. Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on immunologic and cardiovascular changes induced by mental stress. Circulation 1994; 89: 762-9.
26. Obrist PA, Light KC, James SA, Strogatz DS. Cardiovascular responses to stress: I. Measures of myocardial response and relationship to high resting systolic pressure and parental hypertension. Psychophysiology 1987; 24: 65-78.
27. Cevese A, Grasso R, Poltronieri R, Schena F. Vascular resistance and arterial pressure low-frequency oscillations in the anesthetized dog. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: H7-16.
28. Ditor DS, Kamath MV, Macdonald MJ, Bugaresti J, McCartney N, Hicks AL. Reproducibility of heart rate variability and blood pressure variability in individuals with spinal cord injury. Clin Auton Res 2005; 15: 387-93.
29. Montano N, Lombardi F, Gnecchi Ruscone T, Contini M, Finocchiaro ML, Baselli G, Porta A, Cerutti S, Malliani A. Spectral analysis of sympathetic discharge, R-R interval and systolic arterial pressure in decerebrate cats. J Auton Nerv Syst 1992; 40: 21-31.
30. Stafford RW, Harris WS, Weissler AM. Left ventricular systolic time intervals as indices of postural circulatory stress in man. Circulation 1970; 41: 485-92.
31. Cevese A, Grasso R, Poltronieri R, Schena F. Vascular resistance and arterial pressure low-frequency oscillations in the anesthetized dog. Am J Physiol 1995; 37: H7-16.
32. Montano N, Lombardi F, Ruscone TG, Contini M, Finocchiaro ML, Baselli G, Porta A, Cerutti S, Malliani A. Spectral analysis of sympathetic discharge, R-R interval and systolic arterial pressure in decerebrate cats. J Auton Nerv Syst 1992; 40: 21-32.
33. Cooke WH, Hoag JB, Crossman AA, Kuusela TA, Tahvanainen KU, Eckberg DL. Human responses to upright tilt: a window on central autonomic integration. J Physiol 1999; 517(pt 2): 617-28.
34. Mukai S, Hayano J. Heart rate and blood pressure variabilities during graded head-up tilt. J Appl Physiol 1995; 78: 212-6.
35. Sloan RP, Shapiro PA, DeMeersman RE, Bagiella E, Brondolo EN, McKinley PS, Slavov I, Fang Y, Myers MM. The effect of aerobic training and cardiac autonomic regulation in young adults. Am J Public Health 2009; 99: 921-8.
36. deBoer RW, Karemaker JM, Strackee J. Comparing spectra of a series of point events, particularly for heart rate variability spectra. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1984; BME-31: 384-7.
37. Harris FJ. On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete Fourier transform. Proc IEEE 1978; 66: 51-83.
38. Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans Automatic Control 1974; AC19: 716-23.
39. Sloan RP, Shapiro PA, DeMeersman RE, Bagiella E, Brondolo EN, McKinley PS, Slavov I, Fang Y, Myers MM. The effect of aerobic training and cardiac autonomic regulation in young adults. Am J Public Health 2009; 99: 921-8.
40. Pearson TA, Bazzarre TL, Daniels SR, Fair JM, Fortmann SP, Franklin BA, Goldstein LB, Hong Y, Mensah GA, Sallis JF Jr, Smith S Jr, Stone NJ, Taubert KA, American Heart Association Expert Panel on P, Prevention S. American Heart Association guide for improving cardiovascular health at the community level: a statement for public health practitioners, healthcare providers, and health policy makers from the American Heart Association Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science. Circulation 2003; 107: 645-51.
41. Pearson TA, Blair SN, Daniels SR, Eckel RH, Fair JM, Fortmann SP, Franklin BA, Goldstein LB, Greenland P, Grundy SM, Hong Y, Miller NH, Lauer RM, Ockene IS, Sacco RL, Sallis JF Jr, Smith SC Jr, Stone NJ, Taubert KA. AHA guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke: 2002 update: consensus panel guide to comprehensive risk reduction for adult patients without coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular diseases. American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. Circulation 2002; 106: 388-91.
42. Liao D, Cai J, Rosamond WD, Barnes RW, Hutchinson RG, Whitsel EA, Rautaharju P, Heiss G. Cardiac autonomic function and incident coronary heart disease: a population-based case-cohort study. The ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145: 696-706.
43. Schwartz PJ. The autonomic nervous system and sudden death. Eur Heart J 1998; 19(Suppl F): F72-80.
44. Brook RD, Julius S. Autonomic imbalance, hypertension, and cardiovascular risk. Am J Hypertens 2000; 13: 112SY22S.
45. Kishi T. Heart failure as an autonomic nervous system dysfunction. J Cardiol 2012; 59: 117-22.
46. Izdebska E, Cybulska I, Izdebskir J, Makowiecka-Ciesla M, Trzebski A. Effects of moderate physical training on blood pressure variability and hemodynamic pattern in mildly hypertensive subjects. J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 55: 713-24.
47. Laterza MC, de Matos LD, Trombetta IC, Braga AM, Roveda F, Alves MJ, Krieger EM, Negrao CE, Rondon MU. Exercise training restores baroreflex sensitivity in never-treated hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2007; 49: 1298-306.
48. de Mello Franco FG, Santos AC, Rondon MU, Trombetta IC, Strunz C, Braga AM, Middlekauff H, Negrao CE, Pereira Barretto AC. Effects of home-based exercise training on neurovascular control in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2006; 8: 851-5.
49. De Geus EJC, van Doornen LJP, de Visser DC, Orlebeke JF. Existing and training induced differences in aerobic fitness: their relationship to physiological response patterns during different types of stress. Psychophysiology 1990; 27: 457-77.
50. de Geus EJ, van Doornen LJ, Orlebeke JF. Regular exercise and aerobic fitness in relation to psychological make-up and physiological stress reactivity. Psychosom Med 1993; 55: 347-63.
51. Meredith IT, Friberg P, Jennings GL, Dewar EM, Fazio VA, Lambert GW, Esler MD. Exercise training lowers resting renal but not cardiac sympathetic activity in humans. Hypertension 1991; 18: 575-82.
52. Young CN, Deo SH, Kim A, Horiuchi M, Mikus CR, Uptergrove GM, Thyfault JP, Fadel PJ. Influence of endurance training on central sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle in response to a mixed meal. JAppl Physiol 2010; 108: 882-90.
53. Ray CA, Carter JR. Effects of aerobic exercise training on sympathetic and renal responses to mental stress in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298: H229-34.
54. Goedhart AD, de Vries M, Kreft J, Bakker FC, de Geus EJC. No effect of training state on ambulatory measures of cardiac autonomic control. J Psychophysiol 2008; 22: 130-40.
55. Svedenhag J, Martinsson A, Ekblom B, Hjemdahl P. Altered cardiovascular responsiveness to adrenaline in endurance-trained subjects. Acta Physiol Scand 1986; 126: 539-50.
56. Perini R, Tironi A, Cautero M, Di Nino A, Tam E, Capelli C. Seasonal training and heart rate and blood pressure variabilities in young swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 97: 395-403.
57. Shin K, Minamitani H, Onishi S, Yamazaki H, Lee M. Autonomic differences between athletes and nonathletes: spectral analysis approach. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29: 1482-90.
58. Uusitalo AL, Laitinen T, Vaisanen SB, Lansimies E, Rauramaa R. Physical training and heart rate and blood pressure variability: a 5-yr randomized trial. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 286: H1821-6.
59. Newlin DB, Levenson RW. Pre-ejection period: measuring beta-adrenergic influences upon the heart. Psychophysiology 1979; 16: 546-53.
60. McFetridge J, Sherwood A. Impedance cardiography for noninvasive measurement of cardiovascular hemodynamics. Nurs Res 1999; 48: 109-13.
61. Bertram D, Barres C, Cuisinaud G, Julien C. The arterial baroreceptor reflex of the rat exhibits positive feedback properties at the frequency of Mayer waves. J Physiol (Lond) 1998; 513: 251-61.
62. Cerutti C, Barres C, Paultre C. Baroreflex modulation of blood pressure and heart rate variabilities in rats: assessment by spectral analysis. Am J Physiol 1994; 266: H1993-2000.
63. van de Borne P, RahnamaM,Mezzetti S,Montano N, Porta A, Degaute JP, Somers VK. Contrasting effects of phentolamine and nitroprusside on neural and cardiovascular variability. Am J Physiol 2001; 281: H559-65.