메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 294-305

Occupational outcome in bipolar disorder is not predicted by premorbid functioning and intelligence

Author keywords

Bipolar disorder; Educational achievement; Intelligence quotient; Occupational functioning; Premorbid functioning

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIPOLAR I DISORDER; BIPOLAR II DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE; PREMORBID ADJUSTMENT SCALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT; SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; STRUCTURED CLINICAL INTERVIEW FOR DSM DISORDERS; WORK DISABILITY; YOUNG MANIA RATING SCALE;

EID: 84877322201     PISSN: 13985647     EISSN: 13995618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12056     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (67)
  • 2
    • 0035722908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network. II. Demographics and illness characteristics of the first 261 patients
    • Suppes T, Leverich GS, Keck PE et al. The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network. II. Demographics and illness characteristics of the first 261 patients. J Affect Disord 2001; 67: 45-59.
    • (2001) J Affect Disord , vol.67 , pp. 45-59
    • Suppes, T.1    Leverich, G.S.2    Keck, P.E.3
  • 3
    • 9444246970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GAMIAN-Europe/BEAM survey II: cross-national analysis of unemployment, family history, treatment satisfaction and impact of the bipolar disorder on life style
    • Morselli PL, Elgie R, Cesana BM. GAMIAN-Europe/BEAM survey II: cross-national analysis of unemployment, family history, treatment satisfaction and impact of the bipolar disorder on life style. Bipolar Disord 2004; 6: 487-497.
    • (2004) Bipolar Disord , vol.6 , pp. 487-497
    • Morselli, P.L.1    Elgie, R.2    Cesana, B.M.3
  • 5
    • 0041647134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The McLean-Harvard First-Episode Mania Study: prediction of recovery and first recurrence
    • Tohen M, Zarate CA Jr, Hennen J et al. The McLean-Harvard First-Episode Mania Study: prediction of recovery and first recurrence. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 2099-2107.
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 2099-2107
    • Tohen, M.1    Zarate Jr, C.A.2    Hennen, J.3
  • 6
    • 34547691639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life course determinants for early disability pension: a follow-up of Norwegian men and women born 1967-1976
    • Gravseth HM, Bjerkedal T, Irgens LM, Aalen OO, Selmer R, Kristensen P. Life course determinants for early disability pension: a follow-up of Norwegian men and women born 1967-1976. Eur J Epidemiol 2007; 22: 533-543.
    • (2007) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.22 , pp. 533-543
    • Gravseth, H.M.1    Bjerkedal, T.2    Irgens, L.M.3    Aalen, O.O.4    Selmer, R.5    Kristensen, P.6
  • 7
    • 78649239944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education and disability pension: a stronger association than previously found
    • Bruusgaard D, Smeby L, Claussen B. Education and disability pension: a stronger association than previously found. Scand J Public Health 2010; 38: 686-690.
    • (2010) Scand J Public Health , vol.38 , pp. 686-690
    • Bruusgaard, D.1    Smeby, L.2    Claussen, B.3
  • 8
    • 0036123817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Workforce participation by persons with disabilities: the National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplement, 1994 to 1995
    • Zwerling C, Whitten PS, Sprince NL et al. Workforce participation by persons with disabilities: the National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplement, 1994 to 1995. J Occup Environ Med 2002; 44: 358-364.
    • (2002) J Occup Environ Med , vol.44 , pp. 358-364
    • Zwerling, C.1    Whitten, P.S.2    Sprince, N.L.3
  • 9
    • 79851515238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bipolar disorder patients have similar levels of education but lower socio-economic status than the general population
    • Schoeyen HK, Birkenaes AB, Vaaler AE et al. Bipolar disorder patients have similar levels of education but lower socio-economic status than the general population. J Affect Disord 2011; 129: 68-74.
    • (2011) J Affect Disord , vol.129 , pp. 68-74
    • Schoeyen, H.K.1    Birkenaes, A.B.2    Vaaler, A.E.3
  • 10
    • 1042291224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review evaluating health-related quality of life, work impairment, and healthcare costs and utilization in bipolar disorder
    • Dean BB, Gerner D, Gerner RH. A systematic review evaluating health-related quality of life, work impairment, and healthcare costs and utilization in bipolar disorder. Curr Med Res Opin 2004; 20: 139-154.
    • (2004) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.20 , pp. 139-154
    • Dean, B.B.1    Gerner, D.2    Gerner, R.H.3
  • 11
    • 79953059572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 15-year prospective follow-up of bipolar affective disorders: comparisons with unipolar nonpsychotic depression
    • Goldberg JF, Harrow M. A 15-year prospective follow-up of bipolar affective disorders: comparisons with unipolar nonpsychotic depression. Bipolar Disord 2011; 13: 155-163.
    • (2011) Bipolar Disord , vol.13 , pp. 155-163
    • Goldberg, J.F.1    Harrow, M.2
  • 12
    • 78650077510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional impairment and disability across mood states in bipolar disorder
    • Rosa AR, Reinares M, Michalak EE et al. Functional impairment and disability across mood states in bipolar disorder. Value Health 2010; 13: 984-988.
    • (2010) Value Health , vol.13 , pp. 984-988
    • Rosa, A.R.1    Reinares, M.2    Michalak, E.E.3
  • 13
    • 65549093086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical predictors of functional outcome of bipolar patients in remission
    • Rosa AR, Reinares M, Franco C et al. Clinical predictors of functional outcome of bipolar patients in remission. Bipolar Disord 2009; 11: 401-409.
    • (2009) Bipolar Disord , vol.11 , pp. 401-409
    • Rosa, A.R.1    Reinares, M.2    Franco, C.3
  • 14
    • 16544373873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of depressive symptoms compared with manic symptoms in bipolar disorder: results of a U.S. community-based sample
    • Calabrese JR, Hirschfeld RM, Frye MA, Reed ML. Impact of depressive symptoms compared with manic symptoms in bipolar disorder: results of a U.S. community-based sample. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65: 1499-1504.
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 1499-1504
    • Calabrese, J.R.1    Hirschfeld, R.M.2    Frye, M.A.3    Reed, M.L.4
  • 15
    • 28544451011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial disability in the course of bipolar I and II disorders: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal study
    • Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Schettler PJ et al. Psychosocial disability in the course of bipolar I and II disorders: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 1322-1330.
    • (2005) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 1322-1330
    • Judd, L.L.1    Akiskal, H.S.2    Schettler, P.J.3
  • 17
    • 84876474300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational disability in bipolar disorder: analysis of predictors of being on severe disablement benefit (PREBIS study data)
    • doi:10.1111/acps.12003.
    • Grande I, Goikolea JM, de Dios C et al. Occupational disability in bipolar disorder: analysis of predictors of being on severe disablement benefit (PREBIS study data). Acta Psychiatr Scand 2012; 1-9. doi:10.1111/acps.12003.
    • (2012) Acta Psychiatr Scand , pp. 1-9
    • Grande, I.1    Goikolea, J.M.2    de Dios, C.3
  • 18
    • 79952364309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with work, social life and family life disability in bipolar disorder patients
    • Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Jurado D, Gurpegui M. Factors associated with work, social life and family life disability in bipolar disorder patients. Psychiatry Res 2011; 186: 254-260.
    • (2011) Psychiatry Res , vol.186 , pp. 254-260
    • Gutiérrez-Rojas, L.1    Jurado, D.2    Gurpegui, M.3
  • 19
    • 34247627406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employment functioning and disability among community residents with bipolar affective disorder: results from an Australian community survey
    • Waghorn G, Chant D, Jaeger J. Employment functioning and disability among community residents with bipolar affective disorder: results from an Australian community survey. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9: 166-182.
    • (2007) Bipolar Disord , vol.9 , pp. 166-182
    • Waghorn, G.1    Chant, D.2    Jaeger, J.3
  • 20
    • 34247589733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working, receiving disability benefits, and access to mental health care in individuals with bipolar disorder
    • Elinson L, Houck P, Pincus HA. Working, receiving disability benefits, and access to mental health care in individuals with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9: 158-165.
    • (2007) Bipolar Disord , vol.9 , pp. 158-165
    • Elinson, L.1    Houck, P.2    Pincus, H.A.3
  • 21
    • 33644833228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related quality of life and functioning of middle-aged and elderly adults with bipolar disorder
    • Depp CA, Davis CE, Mittal D, Patterson TL, Jeste DV. Health-related quality of life and functioning of middle-aged and elderly adults with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 215-221.
    • (2006) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.67 , pp. 215-221
    • Depp, C.A.1    Davis, C.E.2    Mittal, D.3    Patterson, T.L.4    Jeste, D.V.5
  • 22
    • 0033961747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-year syndromal and functional recovery in 219 cases of first-episode major affective disorder with psychotic features
    • Tohen M, Hennen J, Zarate CM Jr et al. Two-year syndromal and functional recovery in 219 cases of first-episode major affective disorder with psychotic features. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 220-228.
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 220-228
    • Tohen, M.1    Hennen, J.2    Zarate Jr, C.M.3
  • 23
    • 77349097371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excessive substance use in bipolar disorder is associated with impaired functioning rather than clinical characteristics, a descriptive study
    • Lagerberg TV, Andreassen OA, Ringen PA et al. Excessive substance use in bipolar disorder is associated with impaired functioning rather than clinical characteristics, a descriptive study. BMC Psychiatry 2010; 10: 9.
    • (2010) BMC Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 9
    • Lagerberg, T.V.1    Andreassen, O.A.2    Ringen, P.A.3
  • 24
    • 0034541274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The correlates of community functioning in patients with bipolar disorder
    • Kusznir A, Cooke RG, Young LT. The correlates of community functioning in patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2000; 61: 81-85.
    • (2000) J Affect Disord , vol.61 , pp. 81-85
    • Kusznir, A.1    Cooke, R.G.2    Young, L.T.3
  • 25
    • 20344401107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical correlates of current level of functioning in primary care-treated bipolar patients
    • Hajek T, Slaney C, Garnham J, Ruzickova M, Passmore M, Alda M. Clinical correlates of current level of functioning in primary care-treated bipolar patients. Bipolar Disord 2005; 7: 286-291.
    • (2005) Bipolar Disord , vol.7 , pp. 286-291
    • Hajek, T.1    Slaney, C.2    Garnham, J.3    Ruzickova, M.4    Passmore, M.5    Alda, M.6
  • 27
    • 34247597344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional outcome in bipolar disorder: the role of clinical and cognitive factors
    • Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E, Torrent C et al. Functional outcome in bipolar disorder: the role of clinical and cognitive factors. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9: 103-113.
    • (2007) Bipolar Disord , vol.9 , pp. 103-113
    • Martinez-Aran, A.1    Vieta, E.2    Torrent, C.3
  • 28
    • 79451473459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial function in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relationship to neurocognition and clinical symptoms
    • Simonsen C, Sundet K, Vaskinn A et al. Psychosocial function in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relationship to neurocognition and clinical symptoms. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2010; 16: 771-783.
    • (2010) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.16 , pp. 771-783
    • Simonsen, C.1    Sundet, K.2    Vaskinn, A.3
  • 29
    • 34247620292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive test performance predicts functional recovery from acute exacerbation leading to hospitalization in bipolar disorder
    • Jaeger J, Berns S, Loftus S, Gonzalez C, Czobor P. Neurocognitive test performance predicts functional recovery from acute exacerbation leading to hospitalization in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9: 93-102.
    • (2007) Bipolar Disord , vol.9 , pp. 93-102
    • Jaeger, J.1    Berns, S.2    Loftus, S.3    Gonzalez, C.4    Czobor, P.5
  • 30
    • 45949110910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive and clinical predictors of functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder at one-year follow-up
    • Tabares-Seisdedos R, Balanza-Martinez V, Sanchez-Moreno J et al. Neurocognitive and clinical predictors of functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder at one-year follow-up. J Affect Disord 2008; 109: 286-299.
    • (2008) J Affect Disord , vol.109 , pp. 286-299
    • Tabares-Seisdedos, R.1    Balanza-Martinez, V.2    Sanchez-Moreno, J.3
  • 31
    • 34249947914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults with bipolar disorder: comparison to schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects
    • Depp CA, Moore DJ, Sitzer D et al. Neurocognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults with bipolar disorder: comparison to schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects. J Affect Disord 2007; 101: 201-209.
    • (2007) J Affect Disord , vol.101 , pp. 201-209
    • Depp, C.A.1    Moore, D.J.2    Sitzer, D.3
  • 32
    • 36749069053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive function and employment status among veterans with bipolar disorder
    • Altshuler L, Tekell J, Biswas K et al. Executive function and employment status among veterans with bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Serv 2007; 58: 1441-1447.
    • (2007) Psychiatr Serv , vol.58 , pp. 1441-1447
    • Altshuler, L.1    Tekell, J.2    Biswas, K.3
  • 33
    • 78149386498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive dysfunction and psychosocial outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder at 15-year follow-up
    • Burdick KE, Goldberg JF, Harrow M. Neurocognitive dysfunction and psychosocial outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder at 15-year follow-up. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010; 122: 499-506.
    • (2010) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.122 , pp. 499-506
    • Burdick, K.E.1    Goldberg, J.F.2    Harrow, M.3
  • 34
    • 49049120797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Less unique variance than meets the eye: overlap among traditional neuropsychological dimensions in schizophrenia
    • Dickinson D, Gold JM. Less unique variance than meets the eye: overlap among traditional neuropsychological dimensions in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34: 423-434.
    • (2008) Schizophr Bull , vol.34 , pp. 423-434
    • Dickinson, D.1    Gold, J.M.2
  • 35
    • 65349113335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic hypotheses for generalized cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a new take on an old problem
    • Dickinson D, Harvey PD. Systemic hypotheses for generalized cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a new take on an old problem. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35: 403-414.
    • (2009) Schizophr Bull , vol.35 , pp. 403-414
    • Dickinson, D.1    Harvey, P.D.2
  • 36
    • 79955628979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of general intellectual ability and white matter volume on the functional outcome of patients with bipolar disorder and their relatives
    • Forcada I, Papachristou E, Mur M et al. The impact of general intellectual ability and white matter volume on the functional outcome of patients with bipolar disorder and their relatives. J Affect Disord 2011; 130: 413-420.
    • (2011) J Affect Disord , vol.130 , pp. 413-420
    • Forcada, I.1    Papachristou, E.2    Mur, M.3
  • 38
    • 0036894433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population-based cohort study of premorbid intellectual, language, and behavioral functioning in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder
    • Reichenberg A, Weiser M, Rabinowitz J et al. A population-based cohort study of premorbid intellectual, language, and behavioral functioning in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 2027-2035.
    • (2002) Am J Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 2027-2035
    • Reichenberg, A.1    Weiser, M.2    Rabinowitz, J.3
  • 39
    • 26444546871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premorbid intellectual functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: results from a cohort study of male conscripts
    • Tiihonen J, Haukka J, Henriksson M et al. Premorbid intellectual functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: results from a cohort study of male conscripts. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 1904-1910.
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 1904-1910
    • Tiihonen, J.1    Haukka, J.2    Henriksson, M.3
  • 41
    • 72649103782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and neurocognitive predictors of functional outcome in bipolar euthymic patients: a long-term, follow-up study
    • Bonnin CM, Martinez-Aran A, Torrent C et al. Clinical and neurocognitive predictors of functional outcome in bipolar euthymic patients: a long-term, follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2010; 121: 156-160.
    • (2010) J Affect Disord , vol.121 , pp. 156-160
    • Bonnin, C.M.1    Martinez-Aran, A.2    Torrent, C.3
  • 42
    • 34147171503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia - an important aspect of phenotypic definition
    • Schmael C, Georgi A, Krumm B et al. Premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia - an important aspect of phenotypic definition. Schizophr Res 2007; 92: 50-62.
    • (2007) Schizophr Res , vol.92 , pp. 50-62
    • Schmael, C.1    Georgi, A.2    Krumm, B.3
  • 43
    • 0022576161 scopus 로고
    • The prediction of outcome in chronic schizophrenia. IV. The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study
    • McGlashan T. The prediction of outcome in chronic schizophrenia. IV. The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986; 43: 167-176.
    • (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 167-176
    • McGlashan, T.1
  • 44
    • 33750069733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of premorbid functioning to illness course in schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders during two years following first hospitalization
    • Haim R, Rabinowitz J, Bromet E. The relationship of premorbid functioning to illness course in schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders during two years following first hospitalization. J Nerv Ment Dis 2006; 194: 791-795.
    • (2006) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.194 , pp. 791-795
    • Haim, R.1    Rabinowitz, J.2    Bromet, E.3
  • 45
    • 0030862263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premorbid social functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: similarities and differences
    • Cannon M, Jones P, Gilvarry C et al. Premorbid social functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: similarities and differences. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154: 1544-1550.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 1544-1550
    • Cannon, M.1    Jones, P.2    Gilvarry, C.3
  • 46
    • 33748764921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premorbid adjustment in bipolar disorder: comparison with schizophrenia
    • Uzelac S, Jaeger J, Berns S, Gonzales C. Premorbid adjustment in bipolar disorder: comparison with schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 2006; 194: 654-658.
    • (2006) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.194 , pp. 654-658
    • Uzelac, S.1    Jaeger, J.2    Berns, S.3    Gonzales, C.4
  • 47
    • 64749108994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premorbid adjustment: a phenotype highlighting a distinction rather than an overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
    • Rietschel M, Georgi A, Schmael C et al. Premorbid adjustment: a phenotype highlighting a distinction rather than an overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 2009; 110: 33-39.
    • (2009) Schizophr Res , vol.110 , pp. 33-39
    • Rietschel, M.1    Georgi, A.2    Schmael, C.3
  • 48
    • 0020402913 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of premorbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia
    • Cannon-Spoor HE, Potkin SG, Wyatt RJ. Measurement of premorbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1982; 8: 470-484.
    • (1982) Schizophr Bull , vol.8 , pp. 470-484
    • Cannon-Spoor, H.E.1    Potkin, S.G.2    Wyatt, R.J.3
  • 49
    • 84870465485 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association., 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
    • (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV
  • 52
    • 48749090547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in prevalence and patterns of substance use in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
    • Ringen PA, Lagerberg TV, Birkenaes AB et al. Differences in prevalence and patterns of substance use in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2008; 38: 1241-1249.
    • (2008) Psychol Med , vol.38 , pp. 1241-1249
    • Ringen, P.A.1    Lagerberg, T.V.2    Birkenaes, A.B.3
  • 53
    • 0023606101 scopus 로고
    • The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia
    • Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987; 13: 261-276.
    • (1987) Schizophr Bull , vol.13 , pp. 261-276
    • Kay, S.R.1    Fiszbein, A.2    Opler, L.A.3
  • 54
    • 48249153186 scopus 로고
    • Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability
    • Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull 1979; 86: 420-428.
    • (1979) Psychol Bull , vol.86 , pp. 420-428
    • Shrout, P.E.1    Fleiss, J.L.2
  • 56
    • 0018175277 scopus 로고
    • A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity
    • Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry 1978; 133: 429-435.
    • (1978) Br J Psychiatry , vol.133 , pp. 429-435
    • Young, R.C.1    Biggs, J.T.2    Ziegler, V.E.3    Meyer, D.A.4
  • 57
    • 2042480470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). . May 2006, Re-edition. ISBN 92-9189-035-9; UIS/TD/06-01; ©UNESCO-UIS 2006; Available from: [accessed December 2009].
    • International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 1997. May 2006, Re-edition. ISBN 92-9189-035-9; UIS/TD/06-01; ©UNESCO-UIS 2006; Available from: www.uis.unesco.org [accessed December 2009].
    • (1997) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  • 59
    • 77957847997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating premorbid IQ (in Norwegian with English abstract)
    • Sundet K, Vaskinn A. Estimating premorbid IQ (in Norwegian with English abstract). J Norwegian Psychological Ass 2008; 45: 1108-1115.
    • (2008) J Norwegian Psychological Ass , vol.45 , pp. 1108-1115
    • Sundet, K.1    Vaskinn, A.2
  • 60
    • 4043177626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premorbid adjustment in first-episode non-affective psychosis: distinct patterns of pre-onset course
    • Larsen TK, Friis S, Haahr U et al. Premorbid adjustment in first-episode non-affective psychosis: distinct patterns of pre-onset course. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 185: 108-115.
    • (2004) Br J Psychiatry , vol.185 , pp. 108-115
    • Larsen, T.K.1    Friis, S.2    Haahr, U.3
  • 61
    • 33751228411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subsyndromal depressive symptoms are associated with functional impairment in patients with bipolar disorder: results of a large, multisite study
    • Altshuler LL, Post RM, Black DO et al. Subsyndromal depressive symptoms are associated with functional impairment in patients with bipolar disorder: results of a large, multisite study. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 1551-1560.
    • (2006) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.67 , pp. 1551-1560
    • Altshuler, L.L.1    Post, R.M.2    Black, D.O.3
  • 62
    • 2942683585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive episodes and symptoms dominate the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder
    • Judd LL, Akiskal HS. Depressive episodes and symptoms dominate the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2003; 5: 417-418.
    • (2003) Curr Psychiatry Rep , vol.5 , pp. 417-418
    • Judd, L.L.1    Akiskal, H.S.2
  • 63
    • 34548562556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mood symptoms, functional impairment, and disability in people with bipolar disorder: specific effects of mania and depression
    • Simon GE, Bauer MS, Ludman EJ, Operskalski BH, Unutzer J. Mood symptoms, functional impairment, and disability in people with bipolar disorder: specific effects of mania and depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 68: 1237-1245.
    • (2007) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 1237-1245
    • Simon, G.E.1    Bauer, M.S.2    Ludman, E.J.3    Operskalski, B.H.4    Unutzer, J.5
  • 64
    • 34247605501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of bipolar disorder upon work functioning: a qualitative analysis
    • Michalak EE, Yatham LN, Maxwell V, Hale S, Lam RW. The impact of bipolar disorder upon work functioning: a qualitative analysis. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9: 126-143.
    • (2007) Bipolar Disord , vol.9 , pp. 126-143
    • Michalak, E.E.1    Yatham, L.N.2    Maxwell, V.3    Hale, S.4    Lam, R.W.5
  • 65
    • 23044462497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of bipolar disorder: sociodemographic, disability and service utilization data from the Australian National Study of Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders
    • Morgan VA, Mitchell PB, Jablensky AV. The epidemiology of bipolar disorder: sociodemographic, disability and service utilization data from the Australian National Study of Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders. Bipolar Disord 2005; 7: 326-337.
    • (2005) Bipolar Disord , vol.7 , pp. 326-337
    • Morgan, V.A.1    Mitchell, P.B.2    Jablensky, A.V.3
  • 67
    • 0015440353 scopus 로고
    • The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. I. Characteristics of outcome
    • Strauss JS, Carpenter WT. The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. I. Characteristics of outcome. Arch Gen Psychaitry 1972; 27: 739-746.
    • (1972) Arch Gen Psychaitry , vol.27 , pp. 739-746
    • Strauss, J.S.1    Carpenter, W.T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.