Mimics of cutaneous lymphoma report of the 2011 society for hematopathology/European association for haematopathology workshop

American Journal of Clinical Pathology

Volumn 139, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 536-551

  Sarantopoulos, George P ^a   Palla, Beth ^a   Said, Jonathan ^a   Kinney, Marsha C ^b   Swerdlow, Steven M ^c   Willemze, Rein ^d   Binder, Scott W ^a  

^a UCLA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cutaneous; Histopathology; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphoma; Mimic; Pseudolymphoma

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ATENOLOL; CARBAMAZEPINE; CYCLOSPORIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FLUOXETINE; GRISEOFULVIN; IMATINIB; LEVOFLOXACIN; PHENYTOIN; SERTRALINE; VALPROIC ACID;

ARTICLE; BENIGN TUMOR; CUTANEOUS LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DRUG ASSOCIATED PSEUDOLYMPHOMA; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; FOLLOW UP; HISTOPATHOLOGIC SKIN REACTION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; KIKUCHI DISEASE; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; LICHENOID ERUPTION; LUPUS ASSOCIATED PANNICULITIS; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; MEASLES LIKE RASH; PANNICULITIS; PARAPSORIASIS LICHENOIDES; PARAPSORIASIS VARIOLIFORMIS ACUTA; PIGMENTED PURPURIC DERMATOSIS; PITYRIASIS LICHENOIDES; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RASH; SKIN BIOPSY; SKIN LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; SKIN LYMPHOMA; SKIN MANIFESTATION; TRAUMATIC ULCERATIVE GRANULOMA WITH STROMAL EOSINOPHILS; WORKSHOP; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; CUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMA; SKIN DISEASE; SKIN TUMOR;

DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, CUTANEOUS; SKIN DISEASES; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84877268570     PISSN: 00029173     EISSN: 19437722     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1309/AJCPX4BXTP2QBRKO     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Willemze R, Dreyling M. Primary cutaneous lymphomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(suppl 5):177-180.
2. Willemze R, Jaffe ES, Burg G, et al. WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Blood. 2005;105:3768-3785.
3. Burg G, Kempf W, Cozzio A, et al. WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas 2005: histological and molecular aspects. J Cutan Pathol. 2005;32:647-674.
4. Pham-Ledard A, Vergier B, Doutre MS, et al. Disseminated cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia of 12 years' duration triggered by vaccination. Dermatology. 2010;220:176-179.
5. Kluger N, Vermeulen C, Moguelet P, et al. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) in tattoos: a case series of seven patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24:208-213.
6. Smolle J, Cerroni L, Kerl H. Multiple pseudolymphomas caused by Hirudo medicinalis therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43(pt 1):867-869.
7. Bergman R, Khamaysi K, Khamaysi Z, et al. A study of histologic and immunophenotypical staining patterns in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:112-124.
8. Baldassano MF, Bailey EM, Ferry JA, et al. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia and cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma: comparison of morphologic and immunophenotypic features. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999;23:88-96.
9. Arai E, Shimizu M, Hirose T. A review of 55 cases of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia: reassessment of the histopathologic findings leading to reclassification of 4 lesions as cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma and 19 as pseudolymphomatous folliculitis. Hum Pathol. 2005;36:505-511.
10. Leinweber B, Colli C, Chott A, et al. Differential diagnosis of cutaneous infiltrates of B lymphocytes with follicular growth pattern. Am J Dermatopathol. 2004;26:4-13.
11. Gilliam AC, Wood GS. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2000;19:133-141.
12. Petrella T, Maubec E, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, et al. Indolent CD8-positive lymphoid proliferation of the ear: a distinct primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma? Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1887-1892.
13. Quintanilla-Martinez L, Jansen PM, Kinney MC, et al. Non-mycosis fungoides cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: report of the 2011 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop. Am J Clin Pathol. 2013;139:491-514.
14. Wood GS, Ngan BY, Tung R, et al. Clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes and progression to B cell lymphoma in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Am J Pathol. 1989;135:13-19.
15. Gomes ER, Demoly P. Epidemiology of hypersensitivity drug reactions. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;5:309-316.
16. Albrecht J, Fine LA, Piette W. Drug-Associated lymphoma and pseudolymphoma: recognition and management. Dermatol Clin. 2007;25:233-244, vii.
17. Justiniano H, Berlingeri-Ramos AC, Sanchez JL. Pattern analysis of drug-induced skin diseases. Am J Dermatopathol. 2008;30:352-369.
18. Bigby M. Rates of cutaneous reactions to drugs. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137:765-770.
19. Fiszenson-Albala F, Auzerie V, Mahe E, et al. A 6-month prospective survey of cutaneous drug reactions in a hospital setting. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149:1018-1022.
20. Ramdial PK, Naidoo DK. Drug-induced cutaneous pathology. J Clin Pathol. 2009;62:493-504.
21. Horn T, Lehmkuhle MA, Gore S, et al. Systemic cytokine administration alters the histology of the eruption of lymphocyte recovery. J Cutan Pathol. 1996;23:242-246.
22. Werner B, Massone C, Kerl H, et al. Large CD30-positive cells in benign, atypical lymphoid infiltrates of the skin. J Cutan Pathol. 2008;35:1100-1107.
23. Kempf W. CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders: histopathology, differential diagnosis, new variants, and simulators. J Cutan Pathol. 2006;33(suppl 1):58-70.
24. Duvic M. CD30+ neoplasms of the skin. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2011;6:245-250.
25. Kempf W, Levi E, Kamarashev J, et al. Fascin expression in CD30-positive cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. J Cutan Pathol. 2002;29:295-300.
26. Trevino J, Prieto VG, Hearne R, et al. Atypical lymphocytic reaction with epidermotropism and lymphocytic vasculopathic reaction (lymphocytic vasculitis) after treatment with imiquimod. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(suppl):S123-S125.
27. Magro CM, Crowson AN, Kovatich AJ, et al. Drug-induced reversible lymphoid dyscrasia: a clonal lymphomatoid dermatitis of memory and activated T cells. Hum Pathol. 2003;34:119-129.
28. Ploysangam T, Breneman DL, Mutasim DF. Cutaneous pseudolymphomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38(pt 1):877-895.
29. Harris DW, Ostlere L, Buckley C, et al. Phenytoin-induced pseudolymphoma: a report of a case and review of the literature. Br J Dermatol. 1992;127:403-406.
30. Katzin WE, Julius CJ, Tubbs RR, et al. Lymphoproliferative disorders associated with carbamazepine. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1990;114:1244-1248.
31. Brady SP, Magro CM, Diaz-Cano SJ, et al. Analysis of clonality of atypical cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates associated with drug therapy by PCR/DGGE. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:130-136.
32. Magro CM, Crowson AN. Drug-induced immune dysregulation as a cause of atypical cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates: a hypothesis. Hum Pathol. 1996;27:125-132.
33. Breza TS Jr., Zheng P, Porcu P, et al. Cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in the setting of fluoxetine therapy: a hypothesis regarding pathogenesis based on in vitro suppression of T-cell-proliferative response. J Cutan Pathol. 2006;33:522-528.
34. Crowson AN, Magro CM. Antidepressant therapy: a possible cause of atypical cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:925-929.
35. Orbaneja JG, Diez LI, Lozano JL, et al. Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis: a syndrome produced by epicutaneous hypersensitivity with clinical features and a histopathologic picture similar to that of mycosis fungoides. Contact Dermatitis. 1976;2:139-143.
36. Martinez-Moran C, Sanz-Muñoz C, Morales-Callaghan AM, et al. Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2009;60:53-55.
37. Danese P, Bertazzoni MG. Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis due to nickel. Contact Dermatitis. 1995;33:268-269.
38. Fleming C, Burden D, Fallowfield M, et al. Lymphomatoid contact reaction to gold earrings. Contact Dermatitis. 1997;37:298-299.
39. Braun RP, French LE, Feldmann R, et al. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma, lymphomatoid contact dermatitis type, as an unusual cause of symmetrical upper eyelid nodules. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143:411-414.
40. Fairhurst D, Wilkinson M. Independent sensitization to polidocanol and trometamol or glycerol within same product. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;56:179.
41. Ezzedine K, Rafii N, Heenen M. Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis to an exotic wood: a very harmful toilet seat. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57:128-130.
42. Mendese G, Beckford A, Demierre MF. Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis to baby wipes. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146:934-935.
43. Simonsen AB, Deleuran M, Johansen JD, et al. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in children -A review of current data. Contact Dermatitis. 2011;65:254-265.
44. Magro CM, Crowson AN, Kovatich AJ, et al. Lupus profundus, indeterminate lymphocytic lobular panniculitis and subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a spectrum of subcuticular T-cell lymphoid dyscrasia. J Cutan Pathol. 2001;28:235-247.
45. Crowson AN, Magro C. The cutaneous pathology of lupus erythematosus: a review. J Cutan Pathol. 2001;28:1-23.
46. Parveen Z, Thompson K. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: redefinition of diagnostic criteria in the recent World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009;133:303-308.
47. Massone C, Kodama K, Salmhofer W, et al. Lupus erythematosus panniculitis (lupus profundus): clinical, histopathological, and molecular analysis of nine cases. J Cutan Pathol. 2005;32:396-404.
48. Requena L, Sanchez Yus E. Panniculitis, part II: mostly lobular panniculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45:325-361.
49. Ng PP, Tan SH, Tan T. Lupus erythematosus panniculitis: a clinicopathologic study. Int J Dermatol. 2002;41:488-490.
50. Weingartner JS, Zedek DC, Burkhart CN, et al. Lupus erythematosus panniculitis in children: report of three cases and review of previously reported cases. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012;29:169-176.
51. Pincus LB, LeBoit PE, McCalmont TH, et al. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma with overlapping clinicopathologic features of lupus erythematosus: coexistence of 2 entities? Am J Dermatopathol. 2009;31:520-526.
52. Magro CM, Crowson AN, Byrd JC, et al. Atypical lymphocytic lobular panniculitis. J Cutan Pathol. 2004;31:300-306.
53. Aguilera P, Mascaro JM Jr., Martinez A, et al. Cutaneous γ/δ T-cell lymphoma: a histopathologic mimicker of lupus erythematosus profundus (lupus panniculitis). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56:643-647.
54. Willemze R, Jansen PM, Cerroni L, et al. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: definition, classification, and prognostic factors: an EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Group study of 83 cases. Blood. 2008;111:838-845.
55. Fernandes NF, Rozdeba PJ, Schwartz RA, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta: a disease spectrum. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49:257-261.
56. Pityriasis lichenoides. BMJ. 1972;3:368-369.
57. Magro CM, Crowson AN, Morrison C, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica: stratification by molecular and phenotypic profile. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:479-490.
58. Magro C, Crowson AN, Kovatich A, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides: a clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Hum Pathol. 2002;33:788-795.
59. Fortson JS, Schroeter AL, Esterly NB. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (parapsoriasis en plaque): an association with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta in young children. Arch Dermatol. 1990;126:1449-1453.
60. Varga FJ, Vonderheid EC, Olbricht SM, et al. Immunohistochemical distinction of lymphomatoid papulosis and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. Am J Pathol. 1990;136:979-987.
61. Kempf W, Kazakov DV, Palmedo G, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta with numerous CD30+ cells: a variant mimicking lymphomatoid papulosis and other cutaneous lymphomas: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological study of 13 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36:1021-1029.
62. Vonderheid EC, Kadin ME, Gocke CD. Lymphomatoid papulosis followed by pityriasis lichenoides: a common pathogenesis? Am J Dermatopathol. 2011;33:835-840.
63. Dereure O, Levi E, Kadin ME. T-Cell clonality in pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta: a heteroduplex analysis of 20 cases. Arch Dermatol. 2000;136:1483-1486.
64. Kim JE, Yun WJ, Mun SK, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and pityriasis lichenoides chronica: comparison of lesional T-cell subsets and investigation of viral associations. J Cutan Pathol. 2011;38:649-656.
65. Jang MS, Kang DY, Park JB, et al. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in Asians. ISRN Dermatol. 2012;2012:575120.
66. Shieh S, Mikkola DL, Wood GS. Differentiation and clonality of lesional lymphocytes in pityriasis lichenoides chronica. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137:305-308.
67. Weinberg JM, Kristal L, Chooback L, et al. The clonal nature of pityriasis lichenoides. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138:1063-1067.
68. Weller PF, Bubley GJ. The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Blood. 1994;83:2759-2779.
69. Gleich GJ, Leiferman KM. The hypereosinophilic syndromes: current concepts and treatments. Br J Haematol. 2009;145:271-285.
70. Roufosse F, Cogan E, Goldman M. The hypereosinophilic syndrome revisited. Annu Rev Med. 2003;54:169-184.
71. Simon HU, Plötz SG, Dummer R, et al. Abnormal clones of T cells producing interleukin-5 in idiopathic eosinophilia. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1112-1120.
72. Bosch X, Guilabert A, Miquel R, et al. Enigmatic Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: a comprehensive review. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122:141-152.
73. Cunha BA, Mickail N, Durie N, et al. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) caused by Kikuchi's disease mimicking lymphoma. Heart Lung. 2009;38:450-456.
74. Xavier RG, Silva DR, Keiserman MW, et al. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease [in English, Portuguese]. J Bras Pneumol. 2008;34:1074-1078.
75. Paradela S, Lorenzo J, Martínez-Gómez W, et al. Interface dermatitis in skin lesions of Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease: a histopathological marker of evolution into systemic lupus erythematosus? Lupus. 2008;17:1127-1135.
76. Yen HR, Lin PY, Chuang WY, et al. Skin manifestations of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: case report and review. Eur J Pediatr. 2004;163:210-213.
77. Meys R, Skwarski KM, Goodlad JR, et al. Cutaneous Kikuchi disease-like eruption presenting as a paraneoplastic syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2012;37:207-209.
78. Pileri A, Neri I, Raone B, et al. Mycosis fungoides following pityriasis lichenoides: an exceptional event or a potential evolution. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;58:306.
79. Nomura Y, Takeuchi M, Yoshida S, et al. Phenotype for activated tissue macrophages in histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. Pathol Int. 2009;59:631-635.
80. Pileri SA, Facchetti F, Ascani S, et al. Myeloperoxidase expression by histiocytes in Kikuchi's and Kikuchi-like lymphadenopathy. Am J Pathol. 2001;159:915-924.
81. Sumiyoshi Y, Kikuchi M, Takeshita M, et al. Immunohistologic studies of Kikuchi's disease. Hum Pathol. 1993;24:1114-1119.
82. Hirshberg A, Amariglio N, Akrish S, et al. Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia: a reactive lesion of the oral mucosa. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;126:522-529.
83. Salisbury CL, Budnick SD, Li S. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement and CD30 immunoreactivity in traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia of the oral cavity. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132:722-727.
84. Sardana K, Sarkar R, Sehgal VN. Pigmented purpuric dermatoses: an overview. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:482-428.
85. Crowson AN, Magro CM, Zahorchak R. Atypical pigmentary purpura: a clinical, histopathologic, and genotypic study. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:1004-1012.
86. Toro JR, Sander CA, LeBoit PE. Persistent pigmented purpuric dermatitis and mycosis fungoides: simulant, precursor, or both? A study by light microscopy and molecular methods. Am J Dermatopathol. 1997;19:108-118.
87. Lipsker D. The pigmented and purpuric dermatitis and the many faces of mycosis fungoides. Dermatology. 2003;207:246-247.
88. Magro CM, Schaefer JT, Crowson AN, et al. Pigmented purpuric dermatosis: classification by phenotypic and molecular profiles. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;128:218-229.
89. Reddy K, Bhawan J. Histologic mimickers of mycosis fungoides: a review. J Cutan Pathol. 2007;34:519-525.
90. Fink-Puches R, Wolf P, Kerl H, et al. Lichen aureus: clinicopathologic features, natural history, and relationship to mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:1169-1173.
91. Chen M, Deng A, Crowson AN, et al. Assessment of T-cell clonality via T-cell receptor-gamma rearrangements in cutaneous T-cell-dominant infiltrates using polymerase chain reaction and single-stranded DNA conformational polymorphism assay. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2004;12:373-379.
92. Thurber SE, Zhang B, Kim YH, et al. T-cell clonality analysis in biopsy specimens from two different skin sites shows high specificity in the diagnosis of patients with suggested mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:782-790.