메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 76, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 396-411

A fresh perspective on comparing the FDA and the CHMP/EMA: Approval of antineoplastic tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Author keywords

Accelerated approval; Conditional approval; EMA; FDA; Priority review; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Indexed keywords

AXITINIB; BOSUTINIB; CRIZOTINIB; DASATINIB; ERLOTINIB; GEFITINIB; IMATINIB; LAPATINIB; PAZOPANIB; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; REGORAFENIB; RUXOLITINIB; SORAFENIB; SUNITINIB; VANDETANIB; VEMURAFENIB;

EID: 84877137384     PISSN: 03065251     EISSN: 13652125     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12085     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (56)
  • 2
    • 84866385857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of novel therapeutics by three regulatory agencies
    • Downing NS, Ross JS. Review of novel therapeutics by three regulatory agencies. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 1166-1167.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 1166-1167
    • Downing, N.S.1    Ross, J.S.2
  • 3
    • 79957965504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of oncology drugs at the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration: when differences have an impact on clinical practice
    • Trotta F, Leufkens HG, Schellens JH, Laing R, Tafuri G. Evaluation of oncology drugs at the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration: when differences have an impact on clinical practice. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 2266-2272.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 2266-2272
    • Trotta, F.1    Leufkens, H.G.2    Schellens, J.H.3    Laing, R.4    Tafuri, G.5
  • 4
    • 79960238308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Despite criticism of the FDA review process, new cancer drugs reach patients sooner in the United States than in Europe
    • Roberts SA, Allen JD, Sigal EV. Despite criticism of the FDA review process, new cancer drugs reach patients sooner in the United States than in Europe. Health Aff (Millwood) 2011; 30: 1375-1381.
    • (2011) Health Aff (Millwood) , vol.30 , pp. 1375-1381
    • Roberts, S.A.1    Allen, J.D.2    Sigal, E.V.3
  • 5
    • 84882664503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development. U.S. offers patients faster, greater access to cancer drugs than Europe. July/August, Summary. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development. U.S. offers patients faster, greater access to cancer drugs than Europe. July/August 2012, Vol. 14(4). Summary. Available at http://csdd.tufts.edu/files/uploads/08_-_july_10, _2012_-_cancer_drugs.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2012) , vol.14 , Issue.4
  • 6
    • 84882653188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development. Onocology drugs get faster approvals than non-oncology drugs in U.S. September/October, Summary. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development. Onocology drugs get faster approvals than non-oncology drugs in U.S. September/October 2012, Vol. 14(5). Summary. Available at http://csdd.tufts.edu/files/uploads/09_-_sept_5, _2012_-_oncology_drugs.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2012) , vol.14 , Issue.5
  • 7
    • 77957578232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procedures for marketing authorisation
    • European Commission. EudraLex - Volume 2A - Chapter 6. Decision making procedure for the adoption of Commission Decisions (November ). Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • European Commission. Procedures for marketing authorisation. EudraLex - Volume 2A - Chapter 6. Decision making procedure for the adoption of Commission Decisions (November 2005). Available at http://ec.europa.eu/health/files/eudralex/vol-2/a/vol2a_chap6_2005-11_en.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2005)
  • 8
    • 84882680583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. The CDER Handbook. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. The CDER Handbook. 1998. Available at http://druganddevicelaw.net/CDER_handbook.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (1998)
  • 9
    • 84882567160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Performance report to the President and the Congress for the Prescription Drug User Fee Act. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. Performance report to the President and the Congress for the Prescription Drug User Fee Act. 2005. Available at http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/ReportsManualsForms/Reports/UserFeeReports/PerformanceReports/PDUFA/ucm095108.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2005)
  • 10
    • 84882608020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. PDUFA reauthorization performance goals and procedures. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. PDUFA reauthorization performance goals and procedures. Available at http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForIndustry/UserFees/PrescriptionDrugUserFee/UCM270412.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
  • 11
    • 84882634644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for the Public and FDA Staff on Convening Advisory Committee Meetings. Draft dated. August . Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for the Public and FDA Staff on Convening Advisory Committee Meetings. Draft dated. August 2008. Available at http://www.fda.gov/downloads/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM125651.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2008)
  • 12
    • 17144391455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The US Food and Drug Administration Cardiorenal Advisory Panel and the drug approval process
    • Roden DM, Temple R. The US Food and Drug Administration Cardiorenal Advisory Panel and the drug approval process. Circulation 2005; 111: 1697-1702.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 1697-1702
    • Roden, D.M.1    Temple, R.2
  • 13
    • 84882619292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical Legislation Notice to applicants and regulatory guidelines medicinal products for human use
    • European Commission. EudraLex - Volume 2 - Chapter 1. Procedures for Marketing Authorisation (November ). Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • European Commission. Pharmaceutical Legislation Notice to applicants and regulatory guidelines medicinal products for human use. EudraLex - Volume 2 - Chapter 1. Procedures for Marketing Authorisation (November 2005). Available at http://ec.europa.eu/health/files/eudralex/vol-2/a/vol2a_chap1_2005-11_en.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2005)
  • 14
    • 84882575640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical Legislation Notice to applicants and regulatory guidelines medicinal products for human use
    • European Commission. EudraLex - Volume 2 - Chapter 4. Centralised Procedure (April ). Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • European Commission. Pharmaceutical Legislation Notice to applicants and regulatory guidelines medicinal products for human use. EudraLex - Volume 2 - Chapter 4. Centralised Procedure (April 2006). Available at http://ec.europa.eu/health/files/eudralex/vol-2/a/chap4rev200604_en.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2006)
  • 15
    • 84882643560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical Legislation Notice to applicants and regulatory guidelines medicinal products for human use
    • European Commission. EudraLex - Volume 2 - Chapter 2. Mutual recognition procedure and decentralised procedure (February ). Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • European Commission. Pharmaceutical Legislation Notice to applicants and regulatory guidelines medicinal products for human use. EudraLex - Volume 2 - Chapter 2. Mutual recognition procedure and decentralised procedure (February 2007). Available at http://ec.europa.eu/health/files/eudralex/vol-2/a/vol2a_chap2_2007-02_en.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2007)
  • 16
    • 23444460612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • REGULATION (EC) No 726/2004 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 31 March 2004 laying down Community procedures for the authorisation and supervision of medicinal products for human and veterinary use and establishing a European Medicines Agency
    • L136, European Commission. Consolidated version. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • European Commission. REGULATION (EC) No 726/2004 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 31 March 2004 laying down Community procedures for the authorisation and supervision of medicinal products for human and veterinary use and establishing a European Medicines Agency. Official Journal of the European Union 2004; L136: 1-33. Consolidated version. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/health/files/eudralex/vol-1/reg_2004_726/reg_2004_726_cons_en.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2004) Official Journal of the European Union , pp. 1-33
  • 17
    • 84864448803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. London: European Medicines Agency, Available at (last accessed 2 September 2012)
    • European Medicines Agency. Annual Report 2011. London: European Medicines Agency, 2012. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Annual_report/2012/06/WC500128162.pdf (last accessed 2 September 2012).
    • (2012) Annual Report 2011
  • 18
    • 34248168167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 507/2006 of 29 March 2006 on the conditional marketing authorisation for medicinal products for human use falling within the scope of Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council
    • L/92, European Commission. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • European Commission. COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 507/2006 of 29 March 2006 on the conditional marketing authorisation for medicinal products for human use falling within the scope of Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union 2006; L/92: 6-9. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/health/files/eudralex/vol-1/reg_2006_507/reg_2006_507_en.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2006) Official Journal of the European Union , pp. 6-9
  • 21
    • 32444431722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Union centralised procedure for marketing authorisation of oncology drugs: an in-depth review of its efficiency
    • Netzer T. European Union centralised procedure for marketing authorisation of oncology drugs: an in-depth review of its efficiency. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42: 446-455.
    • (2006) Eur J Cancer , vol.42 , pp. 446-455
    • Netzer, T.1
  • 22
    • 84882675894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Gefitinib: administrative documents - part 1. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. Gefitinib: administrative documents - part 1. Available at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2003/21-399_IRESSA_Admindocs_P1.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
  • 23
    • 84882578611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Gefitinib: approval letter. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. Gefitinib: approval letter. Available at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2003/21-399_IRESSA_Approv.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
  • 24
    • 84882613570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AstraZeneca Global. Press release (11 February ): AstraZeneca submits IRESSA (gefitinib, ZD1839) for approval in Europe for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • AstraZeneca Global. Press release (11 February 2003): AstraZeneca submits IRESSA (gefitinib, ZD1839) for approval in Europe for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Available at http://www.astrazeneca.com/Media/Press-releases/2003 (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2003)
  • 25
    • 84882623588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AstraZeneca Global. Press release (4 January ): Gefitinib (IRESSA) marketing authorisation application withdrawn in EU. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • AstraZeneca Global. Press release (4 January 2005): Gefitinib (IRESSA) marketing authorisation application withdrawn in EU. Available at http://www.astrazeneca.com/Media/Press-releases/2005 (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2005)
  • 26
    • 84882710669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AstraZeneca Global. IRESSA (ZD1839, gefitinib) Tablets Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) meeting briefing document. March 4, Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • AstraZeneca Global. IRESSA (ZD1839, gefitinib) Tablets Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) meeting briefing document. March 4, 2005. Available at http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/05/briefing/2005-4095B2_01_01-AstraZeneca-Iressa.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2005)
  • 27
    • 84882641730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Assessment Report for IRESSA (Procedure No EMEA/H/C/001016). Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • European Medicines Agency. Assessment Report for IRESSA (Procedure No EMEA/H/C/001016). Available at http://www.emea.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/001016/WC500036361.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
  • 28
    • 84882652243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. TYKERB (lapatinib) Label (13 March ). Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. TYKERB (lapatinib) Label (13 March 2007). Available at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/022059lbl.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2007)
  • 29
    • 84882734136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Assessment Report for TYVERB (Procedure No EMEA/H/C/795). Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • European Medicines Agency. Assessment Report for TYVERB (Procedure No EMEA/H/C/795). Available at http://www.emea.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/000795/WC500044960.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
  • 30
    • 84882622979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Summary of product characteristics for TYVERB. Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • European Medicines Agency. Summary of product characteristics for TYVERB. Available at http://www.emea.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000795/WC500044957.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
  • 31
    • 84882663714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. TYKERB (lapatinib) Label (7 July ). Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. TYKERB (lapatinib) Label (7 July 2008). Available at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/022059s004lbl.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2008)
  • 32
    • 84882688453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Tyverb: procedural steps taken and scientific information after the authorisation. Available at (last accessed 10 September)
    • European Medicines Agency. Tyverb: procedural steps taken and scientific information after the authorisation. Available at http://www.emea.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Procedural_steps_taken_and_scientific_information_after_authorisation/human/000795/WC500044961.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2012)
  • 33
    • 78449288140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional approval and approval under exceptional circumstances as regulatory instruments for stimulating responsible drug innovation in Europe
    • Boon WP, Moors EH, Meijer A, Schellekens H. Conditional approval and approval under exceptional circumstances as regulatory instruments for stimulating responsible drug innovation in Europe. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 88: 848-853.
    • (2010) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.88 , pp. 848-853
    • Boon, W.P.1    Moors, E.H.2    Meijer, A.3    Schellekens, H.4
  • 35
    • 41449104685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-review deadlines and safety problems
    • Carpenter D, Zucker EJ, Avorn J. Drug-review deadlines and safety problems. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1354-1361.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1354-1361
    • Carpenter, D.1    Zucker, E.J.2    Avorn, J.3
  • 36
    • 69049105433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the relationship between oncology drug labeling revision frequency and FDA product categorization
    • Berlin RJ. Examination of the relationship between oncology drug labeling revision frequency and FDA product categorization. Am J Public Health 2009; 99: 1693-1698.
    • (2009) Am J Public Health , vol.99 , pp. 1693-1698
    • Berlin, R.J.1
  • 38
    • 84882734107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Summary Minutes of the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting. February 8, Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. Summary Minutes of the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting. February 8, 2011. Available at http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/OncologicDrugsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM250472.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2011)
  • 39
    • 34547760765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient access to pharmaceuticals: an international comparison
    • Cohen J, Faden L, Predaris S, Young B. Patient access to pharmaceuticals: an international comparison. Eur J Health Econ 2007; 8: 253-266.
    • (2007) Eur J Health Econ , vol.8 , pp. 253-266
    • Cohen, J.1    Faden, L.2    Predaris, S.3    Young, B.4
  • 41
    • 84855184974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Americans' access to prescription drugs stabilizes, 2007-2010
    • Boukus ER, Carrier ER. Americans' access to prescription drugs stabilizes, 2007-2010. Track Rep 2011; 27: 1-5.
    • (2011) Track Rep , vol.27 , pp. 1-5
    • Boukus, E.R.1    Carrier, E.R.2
  • 42
    • 84855952924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer drug access for Canadians
    • Canadian Cancer Society. September . Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Canadian Cancer Society. Cancer drug access for Canadians. September 2009. Available at http://www.cancer.ca/canada-wide/about%20us/media%20centre/cw-media%20releases/cw-2009/~/media/CCS/Canada%20wide/Files%20List/English%20files%20heading/pdf%20not%20in%20publications%20section/CANCER%20DRUG%20ACCESS%20FINAL%20-%20English.ashx (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2009)
  • 44
    • 84857389424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of cost on adherence to prescription medications in Canada
    • Law MR, Cheng L, Dhalla IA, Heard D, Morgan SG. The effect of cost on adherence to prescription medications in Canada. CMAJ 2012; 184: 297-302.
    • (2012) CMAJ , vol.184 , pp. 297-302
    • Law, M.R.1    Cheng, L.2    Dhalla, I.A.3    Heard, D.4    Morgan, S.G.5
  • 45
    • 0043224720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug research and price controls
    • Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Vernon JA. Drug research and price controls. Regulation 2002; 25: 22-25. Available at http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv25n4/v25n4.html (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2002) Regulation , vol.25 , pp. 22-25
    • Vernon, J.A.1
  • 46
    • 77954974851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical policies in European countries
    • Barros PP. Pharmaceutical policies in European countries. Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res 2010; 22: 3-27.
    • (2010) Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res , vol.22 , pp. 3-27
    • Barros, P.P.1
  • 47
    • 77956019928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annexe K: international survey of pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement schemes
    • Office of Trade Trading. The Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme' (Product code: OFT885), February (Crown Copyright 2007). Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Office of Trade Trading. Annexe K: international survey of pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement schemes. The Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme' (Product code: OFT885), February 2007 (Crown Copyright 2007). Available at http://www.oft.gov.uk/OFTwork/markets-work/pprs#named5 (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2007)
  • 48
    • 70349616353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparator report on patient access to cancer drugs in Europe
    • Comparator Reports. 15 February . Available at(last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Wilking N, Jönsson B, Högberg D, Justo N. Comparator report on patient access to cancer drugs in Europe. Comparator Reports. 15 February 2009. Available at http://www.comparatorreports.se/ (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2009)
    • Wilking, N.1    Jönsson, B.2    Högberg, D.3    Justo, N.4
  • 49
    • 77954707651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of anticancer drug coverage decisions in the United States and United Kingdom: does the evidence support the rhetoric?
    • Mason A, Drummond M, Ramsey S, Campbell J, Raisch D. Comparison of anticancer drug coverage decisions in the United States and United Kingdom: does the evidence support the rhetoric? J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 3234-3238.
    • (2010) J Clin Oncol , vol.28 , pp. 3234-3238
    • Mason, A.1    Drummond, M.2    Ramsey, S.3    Campbell, J.4    Raisch, D.5
  • 50
    • 84859438079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hurdles in anticancer drug development from a regulatory perspective
    • Jonsson B, Bergh J. Hurdles in anticancer drug development from a regulatory perspective. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2012; 9: 236-243.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Clin Oncol. , vol.9 , pp. 236-243
    • Jonsson, B.1    Bergh, J.2
  • 51
    • 84877773278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: their on-target toxicities as potential indicators of efficacy
    • Shah DR, Shah RR, Morganroth J. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: their on-target toxicities as potential indicators of efficacy. Drug Saf 2013; (in press).
    • (2013) Drug Saf
    • Shah, D.R.1    Shah, R.R.2    Morganroth, J.3
  • 52
    • 84865165918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The price we pay for progress: a meta-analysis of harms of newly approved anticancer drugs
    • Niraula S, Seruga B, Ocana A, Shao T, Goldstein R, Tannock IF, Amir E. The price we pay for progress: a meta-analysis of harms of newly approved anticancer drugs. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 3012-3019.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30 , pp. 3012-3019
    • Niraula, S.1    Seruga, B.2    Ocana, A.3    Shao, T.4    Goldstein, R.5    Tannock, I.F.6    Amir, E.7
  • 54
    • 84882616276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Transcript of the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee meeting of 8 November. . Available at (last accessed 10 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. Transcript of the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee meeting of 8 November. 2005. Available at http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/05/transcripts/2005-4191T1.pdf (last accessed 10 September 2012).
    • (2005)
  • 55
    • 84882582670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Presentation by Eichler H-G. Adaptive Licensing: a useful approach for drug licensing in the EU? Available at (last accessed 16 January 2013)
    • European Medicines Agency. Presentation by Eichler H-G. Adaptive Licensing: a useful approach for drug licensing in the EU? Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Presentation/2012/04/WC500124930.pdf (last accessed 16 January 2013).
  • 56
    • 84882636656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. New drug review 2009 updates. Presentation by Jenkins JK. FDA/CMS Summit, 3 December . Available at (last accessed 2 September 2012)
    • Food and Drug Administration. New drug review 2009 updates. Presentation by Jenkins JK. FDA/CMS Summit, 3 December 2009. Available at http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/CDER/UCM192786.pdf (last accessed 2 September 2012).
    • (2009)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.