MRI and CT appearances in metabolic encephalopathies due to systemic diseases in adults

Clinical Radiology

Volumn 68, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 545-554

  Bathla, G ^a   Hegde, A N ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; BRAIN DISEASE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMAN; HYPERAMMONEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; METABOLIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; NON KETOTIC HYPERGLYCEMIA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTEMIC DISEASE; UREMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; WERNICKE ENCEPHALOPATHY;

ADULT; BRAIN; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMANS; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSTERIOR LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; WERNICKE ENCEPHALOPATHY;

EID: 84877013110     PISSN: 00099260     EISSN: 1365229X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.05.021     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. S.L. Lewis Encephalopathy K.L. Roos, Emergency neurology 2012 Springer 283 294
2. B.Y. Huang, and M. Castillo Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: imaging findings from birth to adulthood RadioGraphics 28 2008 417 439
3. B.O. Kjos, M. Brant-Zawadzki, and R.G. Young Early CT findings of global central nervous system hypoperfusion AJR Am J Roentgenol 141 1983 1227 1232
4. A.N. Hegde, S. Mohan, and N. Lath Differential diagnosis for bilateral abnormalities of the Basal Ganglia and thalamus RadioGraphics 31 2011 5 30
5. A. Arbelaez, M. Castillo, and S.K. Mukherji Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of global cerebral anoxia AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20 1999 999 1007
6. A.M. McKinney, M. Teksam, and R. Felice Diffusion-weighted imaging in the setting of diffuse cortical laminar necrosis and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25 2004 1659 1665
7. C.R. Bird, B.P. Drayer, and F.H. Gilles Pathophysiology of "reverse" edema in global cerebral ischemia AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 10 1989 95 98
8. D.C. Harwood-Nash Abuse to the pediatric central nervous system AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 13 1992 569 575
9. R. Kreis, E. Arcinue, and T. Ernst Hypoxic encephalopathy after near-drowning studied by quantitative 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolic changes and their prognostic value J Clin Invest 97 1996 1142 1154
10. D.J. Dubowitz, S. Bluml, and E. Arcinue MR of hypoxic encephalopathy in children after near drowning: correlation with quantitative proton MR spectroscopy and clinical outcome AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19 1998 1617 1627
11. R. Malouf, and J.C. Brust Hypoglycemia: causes, neurological manifestations, and outcome Ann Neurol 17 1985 421 430
12. C.C. Lim, R. Gan, and C.L. Chan Severe hypoglycemia associated with an illegal sexual enhancement product adulterated with glibenclamide: MR imaging findings Radiology 250 2009 193 201
13. E.G. Kang, S.J. Jeon, and S.S. Choi Diffusion MR imaging of hypoglycemic encephalopathy AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 31 2010 559 564
14. E.E. Beltz, and M.E. Mullins Radiological reasoning: hyperintensity of the basal ganglia and cortex on FLAIR and diffusion-weighted imaging AJR 195 Suppl. 3 2010 S1 S8
15. J.H. Kim, J.H. Roh, and S.B. Koh Reversible injury of internal capsule and splenium in a patient with transient hypoglycemic hemiparesis Cerebrovasc Dis 22 2006 282 283
16. R.N. Auer, and B.K. Siesjo Biological differences between ischemia, hypoglycemia, and epilepsy Ann Neurol 24 1988 699 707
17. M. Fujioka, K. Okuchi, and K.I. Hiramatsu Specific changes in human brain after hypoglycemic injury Stroke 28 1997 584 587
18. T. Aoki, T. Sato, and K. Hasegawa Reversible hyperintensity lesion on diffusion-weighted MRI in hypoglycemic coma Neurology 63 2004 392 393
19. Y. Hasegawa, J.E. Formato, and L.L. Latour Severe transient hypoglycemia causes reversible change in the apparent diffusion coefficient of water Stroke 27 1996 1648 1655 discussion 1655-1656
20. R.N. Auer Progress review: hypoglycaemic brain damage Stroke 17 1986 699 708
21. P.H. Lai, R.D. Tien, and M.H. Chang Chorea-ballismus with nonketotic hyperglycemia in primary diabetes mellitus AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17 1996 1057 1064
22. H.J. Kim, W.J. Moon, and J. Oh Subthalamic lesion on MR imaging in a patient with nonketotic hyperglycemia-induced hemiballism AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29 2008 526 527
23. A.L. McCall The impact of diabetes on the CNS Diabetes 41 1992 557 570
24. R. Guisado, and A.I. Arieff Neurological manifestations of diabetic coma: correlation with biochemical alterations in the brain Metabolism 24 1975 665 679
25. E.J. Lee, J.Y. Choi, and S.H. Lee Hemichorea-hemiballism in primary diabetic patients: MR correlation J Comput Assist Tomogr 26 2002 905 911
26. A. Rovira, J. Alonso, and J. Cordoba MR imaging findings in hepatic encephalopathy AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29 2008 1612 1621
27. P. Sharma, M. Eesa, and J.N. Scott Toxic and acquired metabolic encephalopathies: MRI appearance AJR Am J Roentgenol 193 2009 879 886
28. S. Mirowitz, K. Sartor, and M. Gado Focal signal-intensity variations in the posterior internal capsule: normal MR findings and distinction from pathological findings Radiology 172 1989 535 539
29. A.M. McKinney, B.D. Lohman, and B. Sarikaya Acute hepatic encephalopathy: diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery findings, and correlation with plasma ammonia level and clinical outcome AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 31 2010 1471 1479
30. G. Zuccoli, N. Siddiqui, and I. Cravo Neuroimaging findings in alcohol-related encephalopathies AJR Am J Roentgenol 195 2010 1378 1384
31. D. Rimar, and H. Bitterman Hyperammonemic coma: beyond hepatic encephalopathy South Med J 101 2008 467 468
32. J.M. U-King-Im, E. Yu, and E. Barlett Acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy in adults: imaging findings AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32 2011 413 418
33. S.W. Brusilow, and A.L. Horwich Urea cycle enzymes C.R. Scriver, A.L. Beaudet, W.S. Sly, The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease 8th ed. 2001 McGraw-Hill New York 1909 1963
34. P.S. Bindu, S. Sinha, and A.B. Taly Cranial MRI in acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy Pediatr Neurol 41 2009 139 142
35. H.F. Chou, R.C. Yang, and C.Y. Chen Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy Pediatr Neonatol 49 2008 201 204
36. J. Takanashi, A.J. Barkovich, and S.F. Cheng Brain MR imaging in acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy arising from late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 2003 390 393
37. J. Okada, K. Yoshikawa, and H. Matsuo Reversible MRI and CT findings in uremic encephalopathy Neuroradiology 33 1991 524 526
38. E.J. Lee, J.H. Park, and Y. Ihn Acute bilateral basal ganglia lesions in diabetic uraemia: diffusion-weighted MRI Neuroradiology 49 2007 1009 1013
39. H.C. Wang, and S.J. Cheng The syndrome of acute bilateral basal ganglia lesions in diabetic uremic patients J Neurol 250 2003 948 955
40. J.H. Park, H.J. Kim, and S.M. Kim Acute chorea with bilateral basal ganglia lesions in diabetic uremia Can J Neurol Sci 34 2007 248 250
41. J.D. Port, and N.J. Beauchamp Jr. Reversible intracerebral pathologic entities mediated by vascular auto-regulatory dysfunction RadioGraphics 18 1998 353 367
42. H.C. Wang, P. Brown, and A.J. Lees Acute movement disorders with bilateral basal ganglia lesions in uremia Mov Disord 13 1998 952 957
43. H. Prüss, E. Siebert, and F. Masuhr Reversible cytotoxic brain edema and facial weakness in uremic encephalopathy J Neurol 256 2009 1372 1373
44. Y.L. Sheu, S.J. Cheng, and Y.M. Chen The syndrome of bilateral basal ganglia lesions in diabetic uremic patients presenting with a relapsing and remitting course: a case report Acta Neurol Taiwan 16 2007 226 230
45. G. Zuccoli, and N. Pipitone Neuroimaging findings in acute Wernicke's encephalopathy: review of the literature AJR Am J Roentgenol 192 2009 501 508
46. G. Zuccoli, M. Gallucci, and J. Capellades Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings at clinical presentation in twenty-six alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28 2007 1328 1331
47. G. Zuccoli, D. Santa Cruz, and M. Bertolini MR imaging findings in 56 patients with Wernicke encephalopathy: nonalcoholics may differ from alcoholics AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30 2009 171 176
48. G.Q. Fei, C. Zhong, and L. Jin Clinical characteristics and MR imaging features of nonalcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29 2008 164 169
49. C.A. Rugilo, M.C. Uribe Roca, and M.C. Zurru Proton MR spectroscopy in Wernicke encephalopathy AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 2003 952 955
50. S.J. Bae, H.K. Lee, and J.H. Lee Wernicke's encephalopathy: atypical manifestation at MR imaging AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 2001 1480 1482
51. C. Harper, and R. Butterworth Nutritional and metabolic disorders 6th ed. D.I. Graham, P.L. Lantos, Greenfield's neuropatholog vol. 1 1997 Hodder Arnold London 601 652
52. T. Murata, T. Fujito, and H. Kimura Serial MRI and (1)H-MRS of Wernicke's encephalopathy: report of a case with remarkable cerebellar lesions on MRI Psychiatry Res 108 2001 49 55
53. W.T.C. Yuh, T.M. Simonson, and M.P. D'Alessandro Temporal changes of MR findings in central pontine myelinolysis AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16 Suppl. 4 1995 975 977
54. R.D. Adams, M. Victor, and E.L. Mancall Central pontine myelinolysis: a hitherto undescribed disease occurring in alcoholic and malnourished patients Arch Neurol Psychiatry 81 1959 154 172
55. A.O. Nusbaum, O. Rapalino, and K.M. Fung White matter diseases and inherited metabolic disorders S.W. Atlas, Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine 4th ed. 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia 344 444
56. H. Menger, and J. Jorg Outcome of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis (n = 44) J Neurol 246 1999 700 705
57. K.A. Ruzek, N.G. Campeau, and G.M. Miller Early diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis with diffusion-weighted imaging AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25 2004 210 213
58. P.J. Martin, and C.A. Young Central pontine myelinolysis: clinical and MRI correlates Postgrad Med J 71 1995 430 432
59. W.S. Bartynski, and J.F. Boardman Distinct imaging patterns and lesion distribution in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28 2007 1320 1327
60. W.S. Bartynski Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Part 1. Fundamental imaging and clinical features AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29 2008 1036 1042
61. W.S. Bartynski Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Part 2. Controversies surrounding pathophysiology of vasogenic edema AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29 2008 1043 1049
62. W.S. Bartynski, and J.F. Boardman Catheter angiography, MR angiography, and MR perfusion in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29 2008 447 455
63. A.M. McKinney, J. Short, and C.L. Truwit Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: incidence of atypical regions of involvement and imaging findings AJR Am J Roentgenol 189 2007 904 912
64. S. Koch, A. Rabinstein, and S. Falcone Diffusion-weighted imaging shows cytotoxic and vasogenic edema in eclampsia AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 2001 1068 1070
65. P.F. Finelli, and F.J. DiMario Jr. Diagnostic approach in patients with symmetric imaging lesions of the deep gray nuclei Neurologist 9 2003 250 261