Smoking in Italy 2008-2009: A rise in prevalence related to the economic crisis?

Preventive Medicine

Volumn 52, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 182-183

  Gallus, Silvano ^a   Tramacere, Irene ^a   Pacifici, Roberta ^b   Zuccaro, Piergiorgio ^b   Colombo, Paolo ^c   Ghislandi, Simone ^d   La Vecchia, Carlo ^e  

^a MARIO NEGRI INSTITUTE FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH   (Italy)

^b ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

^c Gallup International Association   (Italy)

^d BOCCONI UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Italy; Population survey; Tobacco smoking

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALCOHOL ABUSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH; DEPRESSION; ECONOMIC ASPECT; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HUMAN; ITALY; LETTER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF REPORT; SMOKING; SOCIOECONOMICS; STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE; SUICIDE; UNEMPLOYMENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ECONOMICS; FEMALE; HUMANS; ITALY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SMOKING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 78751702811     PISSN: 00917435     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.11.016     Document Type: Letter

References (16)

1. Apolone G., Mosconi P., La Vecchia C. Post-traumatic stress disorder. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002, 346:1495-1498. author reply 1495-1498.
2. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Questionnaire 1996, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1995 and 1996, Atlanta, Georgia, Available online at:, Accessed October 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/english.htm.
3. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Cigarette smoking among adults and trends in smoking cessation - United States, 2008. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 2009, 58:1227-1232.
4. Dagher A., Tannenbaum B., Hayashi T., Pruessner J.C., McBride D. An acute psychosocial stress enhances the neural response to smoking cues. Brain Res. 2009, 1293:40-48.
5. Falagas M.E., Vouloumanou E.K., Mavros M.N., Karageorgopoulos D.E. Economic crises and mortality: a review of the literature. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2009, 63:1128-1135.
6. Gallus S., Tramacere I., Boffetta P., Fernandez E., Rossi S., Zuccaro P., Colombo P., La Vecchia C. Temporal changes of under-reporting of cigarette consumption in population-based studies. Tobacco Control. 2010, Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print].
7. He P., Yano E. Tobacco companies are booming despite an economic depression. Tob. Induc. Dis. 2009, 5:9.
8. ISTAT Annuario di Statistica Italiano 2009, Rome, Italy Available online at:, Accessed November 2010. http://www.istat.it/dati/catalogo/20091120_00/contenuti.html.
9. Levy D.T., Nikolayev L., Mumford E. Recent trends in smoking and the role of public policies: results from the SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model. Addiction 2005, 100:1526-1536.
10. Martin-Moreno J.M., Alfonso-Sanchez J.L., Harris M., Lopez-Valcarcel B.G. The effects of the financial crisis on primary prevention of cancer. Eur. J. Cancer 2010, 46:2525-2533.
11. Ruhm C.J. Healthy living in hard times. J. Health Econ. 2005, 24:341-363.
12. Schuster M.A., Stein B.D., Jaycox L., Collins R.L., Marshall G.N., Elliott M.N., Zhou A.J., Kanouse D.E., Morrison J.L., Berry S.H. A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001, 345:1507-1512.
13. Stuckler D., Basu S., Suhrcke M., Coutts A., McKee M. The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: an empirical analysis. Lancet 2009, 374:315-323.
14. Tramacere I., Gallus S., Fernandez E., Zuccaro P., Colombo P., La Vecchia C. Medium-term effects of Italian smoke-free legislation: findings from four annual population-based surveys. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2009, 63:559-562.
15. Tramacere I., Gallus S., Zuccaro P., Colombo P., Rossi S., Boffetta P., La Vecchia C. Socio-demographic variation in smoking habits: Italy, 2008. Prev. Med. 2009, 48:213-217.
16. Trojesen I. Recession medicine. BMJ 2010, 340:c3114.