Evaluation of weighted Fisher criteria for large category dimensionality reduction in application to Chinese handwriting recognition

Pattern Recognition

Volumn 46, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 2599-2611

  Zhang, Xu Yao ^a   Liu, Cheng Lin ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF AUTOMATION   (China)

Author keywords

Chinese handwriting recognition; Class level; Class separation problem; Dimensionality reduction; Large category; Sample level; Weighted Fisher criteria

Indexed keywords

CHINESE HANDWRITING RECOGNITION; CLASS LEVEL; CLASS SEPARATION; DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; LARGE CATEGORY; SAMPLE LEVEL; WEIGHTED FISHER CRITERIA;

FACE RECOGNITION;

FUNCTION EVALUATION;

EID: 84876699815     PISSN: 00313203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2013.01.036     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. 〈 http://www.nlpr.ia.ac.cn/databases/handwriting/Download.html 〉.
2. K.T. Abou-Moustafa, F. De La Torre, F.P. Ferrie, Pareto discriminant analysis, Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010, pp. 3602-3609.
3. M. Belkin, and P. Niyogi Laplacian eigenmaps and spectral techniques for embedding and clustering Proc. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14 2001 585 591
4. W. Bian, D. Tao, Harmonic mean for subspace selection, Proc. Int'l Conf. Pattern Recognition, 2008.
5. W. Bian, and D. Tao Max-Min distance analysis by using sequential SDP relaxation for dimension reduction IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 33 5 2011 1037 1050
6. E. Bingham, H. Mannila, Random projection in dimensionality reduction: applications to image and text data, Proc. Int'l Conf. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2001, pp. 245-250.
7. H. Cevikalp, M. Neamtu, M. Wilkes, and A. Barkana Discriminative common vectors for face recognition IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 27 1 2005 4 13 (Pubitemid 40195893)
8. D. Ciresan, U. Meier, J. Schmidhuber, Multi-column deep neural networks for image classification, Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2012, pp. 3642-3649.
9. S. Dasgupta, Experiments with random projection, Proc. Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 2000, pp. 143-151.
10. J. Demšar Statistical comparisons of classifiers over multiple data sets Journal of Machine Learning Research 7 2006 1 30 (Pubitemid 43022939)
11. R.A. Fisher The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems Annals of Eugenics 7 2 1936 179 188
12. K. Fukunaga Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition 1990 Academic Press
13. K. Fukunaga, and J.M. Mantock Nonparametric discriminant analysis IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 6 1983 671 678
14. T.-F. Gao, and C.-L. Liu High accuracy handwritten Chinese character recognition using LDA-based compound distances Pattern Recognition 41 11 2008 3442 3451
15. X. Gao, J. Guo, and L. Jin Dimensionality reduction by locally linear discriminant analysis for handwritten Chinese character recognition IEICE Trans. Information and Systems 95 10 2012 2533 2543
16. X. He, P. Niyogi, Locality preserving projections, Proc. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2004.
17. G.E. Hinton, and R.R. Salakhutdinov Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks Science 313 5786 2006 504 507 (Pubitemid 44148451)
18. A. Hyvärinen, and E. Oja Independent component analysis algorithms and applications Neural Networks 13 4-5 2000 411 430 (Pubitemid 30447427)
19. I.T. Jolliffe Principal Component Analysis 1986 Springer-verlag
20. F. Kimura, K. Takashina, S. Tsuruoka, and Y. Miyake Modified quadratic discriminant functions and the application to Chinese character recognition IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 9 1 1987 149 153 (Pubitemid 17534858)
21. F. Kimura, T. Wakabayashi, Y. Miyake, On feature extraction for limited class problem, Proc. Int'l Conf. Pattern Recognition, 1996, pp. 191-194.
22. B.-C. Kuo, and D.A. Landgrebe Nonparametric weighted feature extraction for classification IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing 42 5 2004 1096 1105
23. C. Lee, and D.A. Landgrebe Feature extraction based on decision boundaries IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 15 4 1993 388 400
24. D.D. Lee, and H.S. Seung Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization Nature 401 6755 1999 788 791
25. C.-L. Liu Normalization-cooperated gradient feature extraction for handwritten character recognition IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 29 8 2007 1465 1469 (Pubitemid 47040443)
26. C.-L. Liu, H. Sako, and H. Fujisawa Discriminative learning quadratic discriminant function for handwriting recognition IEEE Trans. Neural Networks 15 2 2004 430 444
27. C.-L. Liu, F. Yin, D.-H. Wang, Q.-F. Wang, CASIA online and offline Chinese handwriting databases, Proc. Int'l Conf. Document Analysis and Recognition, 2011, pp. 37-41.
28. C.-L. Liu, F. Yin, D.-H. Wang, and Q.-F. Wang Online and offline handwritten Chinese character recognition benchmarking on new databases Pattern Recognition 46 2013 155 162
29. C.-L. Liu, F. Yin, Q.-F. Wang, D.-H. Wang, ICDAR 2011 Chinese handwriting recognition competition. Proc. Int'l Conf. Document Analysis and Recognition, 2011, pp. 1464-1469.
30. H. Liu, X. Ding, Improve handwritten character recognition performance by heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis, Proc. Int'l Conf. Pattern Recognition, 2006.
31. M. Loog, and R.P.W. Duin Linear dimensionality reduction via a heteroscedastic extension of LDA the Chernoff criterion IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 26 6 2004 732 739
32. M. Loog, R.P.W. Duin, and R. Haeb-Umbach Multiclass linear dimension reduction by weighted pairwise Fisher criteria IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 23 7 2001 762 766 (Pubitemid 32680763)
33. R. Lotlikar, and R. Kothari Fractional-step dimensionality reduction IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 22 6 2000 623 627
34. C.R. Rao The utilization of multiple measurements in problems of biological classification J. Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological) 10 2 1948 159 203
35. S.T. Roweis, and L.K. Saul Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding Science 290 5500 2000 2323 2326 (Pubitemid 32041578)
36. B. Schölkopf, A. Smola, and K.R. Müller Nonlinear component analysis as a kernel eigenvalue problem Neural Computation 10 5 1998 1299 1319
37. Y. Shao, C. Wang, B. Xiao, Fast self-generation voting for handwritten Chinese character recognition, Int'l J. Document Analysis and Recognition, 2012.
38. A. Stuhlsatz, J. Lippel, and T. Zielke Feature extraction with deep neural networks by a generalized discriminant analysis IEEE Trans. Neural Networks and Learning Systems 23 4 2012 596 608
39. D. Tao, X. Li, X. Wu, and S.J. Maybank Geometric mean for subspace selection IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 31 2 2009 260 274
40. J.B. Tenenbaum, V. De Silva, and J.C. Langford A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction Science 290 5500 2000 2319 2323 (Pubitemid 32041577)
41. M. Turk, and A. Pentland Eigenfaces for recognition J. Cognitive Neuroscience 3 1 1991 71 86
42. Y.-W. Wang, X.-Q. Ding, and C.-S. Liu Neighbor class linear discriminant analysis J. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence (in Chinese) 25 3 2012 406 410
43. W.K. Wong, and M. Sun Deep learning regularized Fisher mappings IEEE Trans. Neural Networks 22 10 2011 1668 1675
44. B. Xu, K. Huang, C.-L. Liu, Dimensionality reduction by minimal distance maximization, Proc. Int'l Conf. Pattern Recognition, 2010, pp. 569-572.
45. J. Yang, A.F. Frangi, J. Yang, D. Zhang, and Z. Jin KPCA plus LDA a complete kernel Fisher discriminant framework for feature extraction and recognition IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 27 2 2005 230 244 (Pubitemid 40377316)
46. H. Yu, and J. Yang A direct LDA algorithm for high-dimensional data with application to face recognition Pattern Recognition 34 10 2001 2067 2070
47. Y. Yu, J. Jiang, and L. Zhang Distance metric learning by minimal distance maximization Pattern Recognition 44 3 2011 639 649
48. X.-Y. Zhang, C.-L. Liu, Confused distance maximization for large category dimensionality reduction, Proc. Int'l Conf. Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2012, pp. 213-218.
49. X.-Y. Zhang, C.-L. Liu, Writer adaptation with style transfer mapping, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (In Press), 2013.
50. Y. Zhang, D.Y. Yeung, Worst-case linear discriminant analysis, Proc. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2010.
51. M. Zhu, and A.M. Martinez Subclass discriminant analysis IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 28 8 2006 1274 1286 (Pubitemid 46405025)