Fluoroquinolone resistance: challenges for disease control

Antimicrobial Resistance

Volumn 6, Issue , 2010, Pages 35-50

  Parry, Christopher M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84876350620     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1159/000298755     Document Type: Chapter

References (88)

1. Linder JA, Huang ES, Steinman MA, Gonzales R, Stafford RS: Fluoroquinolone prescribing in the United States: 1995 to 2002. Am J Med 2005;118:259-268.
2. Shankar PR, Upadhyay DK, Mishra P, Subish P, Dubey AK, Saha AC: Fluoroquinolone utilization among inpatients in a teaching hospital in Western Nepal. J Pakistan Med Assoc 2007;57:78-82.
3. Andriole VT: The Quinolones: past, present and future. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41(suppl 2):S113-S119.
4. Jacoby GA:Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:S120-S126.
5. Eliopoulos GM: Quinolone resistance mechanisms in pneumococci. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38(suppl 4):S350-S356.
6. Wang H, Dzink-Fox JL, Chen M, Levy SB: Genetic characterisation of highly fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli strains from China: role of acrR mutations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:1515-1521.
7. Oethinger M, Kern W, Jellen-Ritter AS, McMurry LM, Levy SB: Ineffectiveness of topisomerase mutations in mediating clinically significant fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli in the absence of the AcrAB efflux pump. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:10-13.
8. Robicsek A, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC: The worldwide emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 2006;6:629-640.
9. Robicsek A, Strahilevitz J, Jacoby GA, Macielag M, Abbanat D, Park CH, Bush K, Hooper DC: Fluorquinolone-modifying enzyme: a new adaption of a common aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. Nat Med 2006;12:83-88.
10. Lindgren PK, Karlsson Å, Hughes D: Mutation rate and evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:3222-3232.
11. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards:Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; Approved Standard, ed 8. Document M2-A8, vol 20. Villanova, NCCLS, 2003.
12. British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy:BSAC methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, version 6.1. 2007. Available at www.bsac.org.uk/_ db/_documents/version_6.1.pdf (accessed September 3, 2009).
13. Aarestrup FM, Wiuff C, Mølbak K, Threlfall EJ: Is it time to change fluoroquinolone breakpoints for Salmonella spp? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:827-829.
14. Crump JA, Barrett TJ, Nelson JT, Angulo FJ:Re-evaluating fluoroquinolone breakpoints for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and for non-Typhi Salmonellae Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:75-81.
15. Parry CM: The treatment of multidrug resistant and nalidixic acid resistant typhoid fever in Vietnam. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 2004;98:413-422.
16. Hakanen A, Kotilainen P, Jalava J, Siitonen A, Huovinen P: Detection of decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonellas and validation of nalidixic acid screening test. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:3572-3577.
17. Cooke FJ, Day M, Wain J, Ward LR, Threlfall EJ:Cases of typhoid fever imported into England, Scotland and Wales (2000-2003) Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007;101:398-404.
18. Maskey AP, Day JN, Tuan PQ, Thwaites GE, Campbell JI, Zimmerman M, Farrar JJ, Basnyat B:Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A and S enterica serotype Typhi cause indistinguishable clinical syndromes in Kathmandu, Nepal. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:1247-1253.
19. Renuka K, Kapil A, Kabra SK, Wig N, Das BK, Prasad VVSP, Chaudhry R, Seth P: Reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and gyrA gene mutations in north Indian strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and serotype Paratyphi A. Microb Drug Resist 2004;10:146-153.
20. Walia M, Gaind R, Mehta R, Paul P, Aggarwal P, Kalaivani M: Current perspectives of enteric fever: a hospital based study from India. Ann Trop Paed 2005;25:161-174.
21. Rodrigues C, Mehta A, Joshi VR: Salmonella Typhi in the past decade: learning to live with resistance Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:126.
22. Ahmed D, D'Costa LT, Alam K, Nair GB, Hossain MA: Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates with high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50:3516-3517.
23. Kariuki S, Revathi G, Muyodi J, Mwituria Jmunyalo A, Mirza S, Hart CA: Characterization of multidrugresistant typhoid outbreaks in Kenya. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:1477-1482.
24. Threlfall EJ, Fisher IST, Berghold C, Gerner-Smidt P, Tschäpe H, Comican M, Luzzi I, Schneider F, Wannet W, Machado J, Edwards G: Trends in antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A isolated in Europe, 1999-2001 Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003;22:487.
25. Nair S, Unnikrishnan M, Turner K, Parija SC, Churcher C, Wain J, Harish BN: Molecular analysis of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Paratyphi A isolate, India. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12:489-491.
26. Hasan R, Cooke FJ, Nair S, Harish BN, Wain J:Typhoid and paratyphoid fever Lancet 2005;366:1603-1604.
27. Renuka K, Sood S, Bas BK, Kapil A: High-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in India. J Med Microbiol 2005;54:999-1000.
28. Saha SK, Darmstadt GL, Baqui AH, Crook DW, Islam MN, Islam M, Hossain M, Arifeen SE, Santosham M, Black RE: Molecular basis of resistance displayed by highly ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:3811-3813.
29. Gaind R, Paglietti B, Murgia M, Dawar R, Uzzau S, Cappuccinelli P, Deb M, Aggarwal P, Rubino S:Molecular characterisation of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A causing enteric fever in India J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;58:1139-1144.
30. Stevenson JE, Gay K, Barrett TJ, Medalla F, Chiller TM, Angulo FJ: Increase in nalidixic acid resistance among non-Typhi Salmonella enterica isolates in the United States from 1996-2003. Antimicrob Agents and Chemother 2007;51:195-197.
31. Threlfall EJ, Fisher IST, Berghold C, et al: Antimicrobial drug resistance in isolates of Salmonella enterica from cases of salmonellosis in humans in Europe in 2000: results of international multi-centre surveillance. Eurosurveillance 2003;8:41-45.
32. Molbak K, Gerner-Smidt P, Wegener HC. Increasing quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:514-515.
33. Hakanen A, Kotilainen P, Pitkänen S, Hillo S, Siitonen A, Houvinen P: Reductions in fluoroquinolone susceptibility among strains of Salmonella enterica isolated from Finnish patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;57:569-572.
34. Soler P, González-Sanz R, Bleda MJ, Hernández G, Echeíta A, Usera MA:Antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella from human sources, Spain, 2001-220 J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:310-314.
35. Choi SH, Woo JH, Lee JE, Park SJ, Choo EJ, Kwak YG, Kim MN, Choi MS, Lee NY, Lee BK, Kim NJ, Jeong JY, Ryu J, Kim YS: Increasing incidence of quinolone resistance in human non-typhoid Salmonella enterica isolates in Korea and mechanisms involved in quinolone resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;56:1111-1114.
36. Chiu CH, Wu TL, Su LH, et al:The emergence in Taiwan of fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesui N Engl J Med 2002; 346:413-419.
37. Hsueh PR, Teng LJ, Tseng SP, Chang CF, Wan JH, Yan JJ, Lee CM, Chuang YC, Huang WK, Yang D, Shyr JM, Yu KW, Wang LS, Lu, JJ, Ko WC, Wu JJ, Chang FY, Yang YC, Lau YJ, Liu YC, Liu CY, Ho SW, Luh KT: Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10:60-68.
38. Chiu, CH., Su LH, Chu C, Chia JH, Wu TL, Lin TY, Lee YS, Ou JT: Isolation of Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis resistant to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. Lancet 2004;363:1285-1286.
39. Chen S, Cui S, McDermott PF, Zhao S, White DG, Paulsen I, Meng J: Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux into decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51:535-542.
40. Gay K, Robicsek A, Strahilevitz J, Park CH, Jacoby G, Barrett TJ, Medalla F, Chiller TM, Hooper DC:Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance in non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:297-304.
41. Hopkins KL, Wootton L, Day MR, Threlfall EJ:Plasmid-mediated mediated quinolone resistant determinant qnrS1 found in Salmonella enterica strains in the UK J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;59:1071-1075.
42. Bachoual R, Ouabdesselam S, Mory F, Lascols C, Soussy CJ, Tankovic J: Single or double mutational alterations of gyrA associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Microb Drug Resist 2001;7:257-261.
43. Gaunt PN, Piddock LJ: Ciprofloxacin resistant Campylobacter spp. in humans: an epidemiological and laboratory study. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996;37:747-757.
44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: enteric bacteria. Atlanta, CDC, 2004. Accessed at www.cdc. gov/narms/annual/2004/NARMSAnnualReport2004. pdf (accessed September 3, 2009).
45. Gupta A, Nelson JM, Barrett TJ, Tauxe RV, Rossiter SP, Friedman CR, Joyce KW, Smith KE, Jones TF, Hawkins MA, Shiferaw B, Beebe JL, Vugia DJ, Rabatsky-Her T, Benson JA, Root TP, Angulo FJ:Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains, United States, 1997-2001 Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10:1102-1109.
46. Neuhauser MM, Weinstein RA, Rydman R, Danziger LH, Karam G, Quinn JP: Antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacilli in US intensive care units: implications for fluoroquinolone use. JAMA 2003;289:885-888.
47. Livermore DM, James D, Reacher M, Graham C:Trends in fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance in Enterobacteriacae from bacteraemias, England and Wales, 1990-1999. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 5:473-478.
48. Paterson DL, Mulazimoglu L, Casellas JM, Ko W-C, Goossens H, von Gottberg A, Mohapatra S, Trenholme GM, Klugman KP, McCormack JG, Yu VL:Epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistance and its relationship to extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates causing bacteraemia Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:473-478.
49. Lautenbach E, Strom BL,Bilker WB, Patel JB, Edelstein PH, Fishman NO. Epidemiological investigation of fluoroquinolone resistance in infections due to extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1288-1294.
50. Tapsall JW: Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(suppl 4):S263-S268.
51. The WHO Western Pacific Surveillance Program:Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the WHO Western Pacific Region, 2004 Commun Dis Intell 2006;30:129-132.
52. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Update to CDC's sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006: fluoroquinolones no longer recommended for treatment of gonococcal infections. MMWR 2007;56:332-336.
53. Martin IMC, Hoffmann S, Ison CA: European surveillance of sexually transmitted infections (ESSTI):the first combined antimicrobial susceptibility data for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Western Europe. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;58:587-593.
54. Adam HJ, Schurek KN, Nichol KA, Hoban CJ, Baudry TJ, Laing NM, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG:Molecular characterisation of increasing fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Canada, 1997 to 2005 Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51:198-207.
55. Ip M, Chaus SS, Chi CF, Cheuk ESC, Ma, H, Lai RWM, Chan PK: Longitudinally tracking fluoroquinolone resistance and its determinants in penicillinsusceptible and-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Hong Kong, 2000 to 2005. Antimicrob Agents and Chemother 2007;51:2192-2194.
56. Rupali P, Abraham OC, Jesudason MV, John TJ, Zachariah A, Sivaram S, Mathai D: Treatment failure in typhoid fever with ciprofloxacin susceptible Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2004;49:1-3.
57. Parry CM, Ho VA, Phuong LT, Bay PVB, Lanh MN, Tung LT, Tham TH, Wain J, Hien TT, Farrar JJ:Randomized controlled comparison of ofloxacin, azithromycin, and an ofloxacin-azithromycin combination for treatment of multidrug-resistant and nalidixic acid resistant typhoid fever Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51:819-825.
58. Mølbak K, Baggesen DL, Aarestrup FM, Ebbesen JM, Engberg J, Frydendahl K, Gerner-Smidt P, Petersen AM, Wegener HC: An outbreak of multidrug-resistant, quinolone resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1420-1425.
59. Rahman M, Alam A, Nessa K, Nahar S, Dutta DK, Yasmin L, Monira S, Sultan Z, Khan A, Albert MJ:Treatment failure with the use of ciprofloxacin for gonorrhoeae correlates with the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in Bangladesh Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:884-889.
60. Aplasca De Los Reyes MR, Pato-Mesola V, Klausner JD, Manalastas R, Wi T, Tuazon CU, Dallbetta G, Whittington WL, Holmes KK: A randomized trial of ciprofloxacin versus cefixime for treatment of gonorrhoea after rapid emergence of gonococcal ciprofloxacin resistance in The Philippines. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:1313-1318.
61. Davidson R, Cavalcanti R, Brunton JL, Bast DJ, de Azavedo JCS, Kibsey P, Flemming, Low DE: Resistance to levofloxacin and failure of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2002;346:747-750.
62. Fuller JD, Low DE: A review of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection treatment failures associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:118-121.
63. Mermin JH, Villar R, Carpenter J, Roberst L, Samaridden A, Gassanova L, Lomakina S, Bopp C, Hutwagner L, Mead P, Ross B, Mintz ED: A massive epidemic of multidrug-resistant typhoid fever in Tajikistan associated with consumption of municipal water. J Infect Dis 1999;179:1416-1422.
64. Olsen SJ, DeBess EE, McCivern TE, Marano N, Eby T, Maubais S, Balan VK, Zirnstein G, Cieslak PR, Angulo FJ: A nosocomial outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella infection. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1572-1579.
65. Weiss K, Restieri C, Gauthier R, Laverdière M, McGreer A, Davidson RJ, Kilburn L, Bast DJ, de Azevado J, Low DE: A nosocomial outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:517-522.
66. Helms M, Vastrup P, Gerner-Smidt P, Mølbak K:Excess mortality associated with antimicrobial drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:490-495.
67. Helms M, Simonsen J, Mølbak K: Quinolone resistance is associated with increased risk of invasive illness or death during infection with Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. J Infect Dis 2004;190:1652-1654.
68. Paterson DL: 'Collateral damage' from cephalosporin or quinolone antibiotic therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38(suppl 4):S341-S345.
69. Pépin J, Saheb N, Coulombe MA, Alary ME, Corriveau MP, Authier S, LeBlanc M, Rivard G, Bettez M, Primeau V, Nguyen M, Jacob CE, Lanthier L:Emergence of fluoroquinolones as the predominant risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea:a cohort study during an epidemic in Quebec Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:1254-1260.
70. LeBlanc L, Pépin J, Toulouse K, Ouellette MF, Coulombe MA, Corriveau MP, Alary ME: Fluoroquinolones and risk for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12:1398-1405.
71. Barza M, Travers K: Excess infections due to antimicrobial resistance: the 'attributable fraction'. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34(suppl 3):S126-S130.
72. Peña C, Albareda JM, Pallares R, Pujol M, Tubau F, Ariza J: Relationship between quinolone use and emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in bloodstream infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:520-524.
73. Zervos MJ, Hershberger E, Nicolau DP, Ritchie DJ, Blackner LK, Coyle EA, Donnelly AJ, Eckel SF, Eng RHK, Hilz A, Kuyumjian AG, Krebs W, McDaniel A, Hogan P, Lubowski TJ: Relationship between fluoroquinolone use and changes in susceptibility to fluoroquinolones of selected pathogens in 10 United States teaching hospitals, 1991-2000. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:1643-1648.
74. MacDougall C, Powell JP, Johnson CK, Edmond MB, Polk RE: Hospital and community fluoroquinolone use and resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in 17 US hospitals. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:435-440.
75. Ho PL, Tse WS, Tsang KWT, Ng TK, Cheng VCC, Chan RMT: Risk factors for acquisition of levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: a casecontrol study. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:701-707.
76. Bhavnani SM, Hammel JP, Jones RN, Ambrose PG:Relationship between levofloxacin use and decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 51:31-37.
77. Molbak K: Spread of resistant bacteria and resistance genes from animals to humans-The public health consequences. J Vet Med B 2004;51:364-369.
78. McDonald LC, Chen MT, Lauderdale TL, Ho M:The use of antibiotics critical to human medicine in food-producing animals in Taiwan J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2001;34:97-102.
79. Food and Drug Administration: Risk assessment on the human health impact of fluoroquinolone resistant Campylobacter associated with the consumption of chicken. 2000 (revised 2001). www.fda.gov/Animal Veterinary/SafetyHealth/AntimicrobialResistance/ucm083488.htm (accessed December 18, 2007).
80. Smith KE, Besser JM, Hedberg CW, Leano FT, Bender JB, Wicklund JH, Johnson BP, Moore KA, Osterholm MT: Quinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni infections in Minnesota, 1992-1998. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1525-1532.
81. Johnson JR, Kuskowski MA, Menard M, Gajewski A, Xercavins M, Garau J: Similarity between human and chicken Escherichia coli isolates in relation to ciprofloxacin resistance status. J Infect Dis 2006;194:71-78.
82. Ambrose PG, Bhavnani SM, Rubino CM, Louie A, Gumbo T, Forrest A, Drusano GL: Pharmocokineticspharmacodynamics of antimicrobial therapy: it's not just for mice anymore. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:79-86.
83. Thomas JK, Forrest A, Bhavnani SM, Hyatt JM, Cheng A, Ballow CH, Schentag JJ: Pharmacodynamic evaluation of factors associated with the development of bacterial resistance in acutely ill patients during therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:521-527.
84. Drlica K, Zhao X: Mutant selection window hypothesis updated. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:681-688.
85. Randall LP, Cooles SW, Piddock LJV, Woodward MJ: Mutant protection concentrations of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin for Salmonella enterica. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;54:688-691.
86. Davis MA, Hancock DD, Besser TE: Multiresistant clones of Salmonella enterica: the importance of dissemination. J Lab Clin Med 2002;140:135-141.
87. Klugman K: The role of clonality in the global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:783-785.
88. Nelson JM, Chiller TM, Powers JH, Angulo FJ:Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter species and the withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in poultry: a public heath success story. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:977-980.