The roles of parasitoid foraging for hosts, food and mates in the augmentative control of tephritidae

Insects

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 668-691

  Sivinski, John ^a   Aluja, Martin ^b  

^a CENTER FOR MEDICAL   (United States)

^b INSTITUTO DE ECOLOGÍA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Anastrepha; Bactrocera; Braconidae; Ceratitis; Cues; Figitidae; Opiinae; Signals; Tephritidae

Indexed keywords

ANASTREPHA; BRACONIDAE; CERATITIS; FIGITIDAE; OPIINAE; TEPHRITIDAE;

EID: 84876317528     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20754450     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/insects3030668     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Ovruski, S.; Aluja, M.; Sivinski, J.; Wharton, R. Hymenopteran parasitoids on fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and the southern United States: Diversity, distribution, taxonomic status and their use in fruit fly biological control. Integr. Pest Manage. Rev. 2000, 5, 81-107.
2. Gilstrap, F.; Hart, W. Biological Control of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly in the United States and Central America; USDA-ARS.: Washingtong, DC, 1987; pp. 25-32.
3. Glas, P.; Vet, L. Host-habitat location and host location by Diachasma alloem Muesebeck (Hym.: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Rhagoletis pommonella Walsh (Dipt.: Tephritidae). Neth. J. Zool. 1982, 33, 41-54.
4. Wäckers, F.; Lewis, W. Olfactory and visual learning and their combined influence on host site location by the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). Biol. Control. 1994, 4, 195-112.
5. Baeder, J.; King, B. Associative learning of color by males of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). J. Insect Behav. 2004, 17, 201-213.
6. Messing, R.; Jang, E. Response of the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to host-fruit stimuli. Environ. Entomol. 1992, 21, 1189-1195.
7. Leyva, J.; Browning, H.; Gilstrap, H. Effect of host fruit species, size and color on parasitism of Ananstrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environ. Entomol. 1991, 20, 1469-1474.
8. Rousse, P.; Chiroleu, F.; Domberg, C.; Quilici, S. Naïve Fopius arisanus females respond mainly to achromatic cues. Biol. Control. 2007, 43, 41-48.
9. Pérez, J.; Rojas, J.; Montoya, P.; Liedo, P.; González, F.; Castillo, A. Size, shape and hue moderate attraction and landing responses of the braconid parasitoid Fopius arisanus to fruit odour-baited visual targets. BioControl 2012, in press.
10. Benelli, G.; Canale, A. Learning of visual cues in the fruit fly parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). BioControl 2012, doi: 10.1007/s10526-012-9456.
11. Segura, D.; Viscarret, M.; Ovrusi, S.; Cladera, J. Response of the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata to host and host-habitat volatile cues. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 2012, 143, 164-176.
12. Greany, P.; Tumlinson, J.; Chambers, D.; Bousch, G. Chemically mediated host finding by Biosteres [Opius] longicaudatus, a parasitoid of tephritid fruit fly larvae. J. Chem. Ecol. 1977, 3, 189-195.
13. Eben, A.; Benray, B.; Sivinski, J.; Aluja, M. Host species and host plant effects on preference and performance of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environ. Entomol. 2000, 29, 87-94.
14. Rohrig, E.; Sivinski, J.; Teal, P.; Stuhl, C.; Aluja, M. A floral-derived compound attractive to the tephritid fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 2008, 34, 549-557.
15. Stuhl, C.; Sivinski, J.; Teal, P.; Paranhos, B.; Aluja, M. A compound produced by fruigivorous Tephritidae (Diptera) larvae promotes oviposition behavior by the biological control agent Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environ. Entomol. 2011, 40, 727-736.
16. Altizar, A.; Montoya, P.; Rojas, J. Response of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to fruit volatiles in a wind tunnel. Fla. Entomol. 2004, 87, 616-618.
17. Messing, R.; Klungness, M.; Jang, E.; Nishijima, K. Response of the melon fly parasitoid Psyttalia fletcheri [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] to host-habitat stimuli. J. Insect Behav. 1996, 9, 933-945.
18. Nishida, T. An experimental study of ovipositional behavior of Opius fletcheri. P. Hawaii Entomol. Soc. 1956, 16, 126-134.
19. Whitman, D.; Eller, F. Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles. Chemecology 1990, 1, 69-75.
20. Prokopy, R.; Webster, R. Oviposition deterring pheromone of Rhagoletis pommonela- a kairomone for its parasitoid Opius lectus. J. Chem. Ecol. 1978, 4, 481-494.
21. Roitberg, B.; Lalonde, R. Host marking enhances parasitism risk for a fruit-infesting fly, Rhagoletis basiola. Oikos 1991, 61, 389-393.
22. Eitam, A.; Holler, T.; Sivinski, J.; Aluja, M. Use of host fruit chemical cues for laboratory rearing of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritdae). Fla. Entomol. 2003, 86, 211-216.
23. Bokonon-Ganta, A.; Ramadan, M.; Messing, R. Reproductive biology of Fopius ceratitivorous (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an egg-larval parasitoid of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Biol. Control. 2007, 41, 361-367.
24. Rousse, P.; Ciroleu, F.; Veslot, J.; Quilici, S. The host- and microhabitat olfactory location by Fopius arisanus suggests a broad potential host range. Physiol. Entomol. 2007, 32, 313-321.
25. Granchietti, A.; Sacchetti, P.; Rosi, M.; Belcari, A. Fruit fly larval trail acts as a cue in the host location process of the pupal parasitoid Coptera occidentalis. Biol. Control. 2012, 61, 7-14.
26. Baeza, G.; Sivinski, J.; Holler, T.; Aluja, M. The ability of Coptera haywardi [ogloblin] [Hymenoptera: Diapriidae] to locate and attack the pupae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata [Wiedemann] [Diptera: Tephritidae], under seminatural conditions. Biol. Control. 2002, 23, 213-218.
27. Guillén, L.; Aluja, M.; Equihua, M.; Sivinski, J. Performance of two fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupal parasitoids [Coptera haywardi (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)] under different soil conditions. Biol. Control. 2002, 23, 219-227.
28. Lawrence, P. Host vibration- a cue to host location by the parasite. Biosteres longicaudatus. Oecologia 1981, 48, 249-251.
29. Duan, J.; Messing, R. Effects of host substrate and vibration cues on ovipositor-probing behavior in two larval parasitoids of tephritid fruit flies. J. Insect Behav. 2000, 13, 175-186.
30. Canale, A. Psyttalia concolor [Hymenoptera: Baraconidae]: role of host movement and host substrate in ovipositor-probing behavior. Bull. Insectology 2003, 56, 211-213.
31. Djemai, I.; Casas, J.; Magal, C. Matching host reactions to parasitod wasp vibrations. Proc. Biol. Sci. 2000, 268, 2403-2408.
32. Webb, J.; Landolt, P. Detecting insects in fruit by vibrations produced. J. Environ. Sci. Health 1984, 19, 367-375.
33. Sivinski, J.; Calkins, C. Sexually dimorphic developmental rates in the Caribbean fruit-fly (Diptera, Tephritidae). Environ. Entomol. 1990, 19, 1491-1495.
34. Mankin, R.; Hagstrum, D.; Smith, M.; Roda, A.; Kairo, M. Perspective and promise: a century of insect acoustic detection and monitoring. Am. Entomol. 2011, 57, 30-44.
35. Vet, L.; van Alphen, J. A comparative functional approach to the host detection behavior of parasitic wasps. I. A quantitative study of Eucoilidae and Allysiinae. Oikos 1985, 44, 478-486.
36. Van Dijken, M.; van Alphen, J. The ecological significance of differences in host detection behavior in coexisting parasitoid species. Ecol. Entomol. 1998, 23, 265-270.
37. Canale, A.; Loni, A. Host location and acceptance in Psyttalia concolor: Role of host instar. Bull. Insectology 2006, 59, 7-10.
38. Turlings, T.; Wäckers, F. Recruitment of predators and parasitoids by herbivore-injured plants. In Advances in Insect Chemistry; Carde, R., Millar, J., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2004; pp. 21-75.
39. Bernasconi, M.; Turlings, T.; Ambrosetti, L.; Bassetti, P.; Dorn, S. Herbivore-induced emissions of maize volatiles repel the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis. Ent. Exp. Appl. 1998, 87, 133-142.
40. Hoffmeister, T.; Gienapp, P. Exploitation of the host's chemical communication in a parasitoid searching for a concealed host. Ethology 1999, 105, 223-232.
41. Rendon, P.; Sivinski, J.; Holler, T.; Bloem, K.; Lopez, M.; Martinez, A.; Aluja, M. The effects of sterile males and two braconid parasitoids, Fopius arisanus (Sonan) and Diachasmimorpha krausii (Fullaway) (Hymenoptera), on caged populations of Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) at various sites in Guatemala. Biol. Control. 2006, 36, 224-231.
42. Aluja, M.; Ovruski, S.; Guillén, L.; Oroño, L.; Sivinski, J. Comparison of the host searching and oviposition behaviors of the tephritid (Diptera) parasitoids Aganaspis pelleranoi and Odontosema anastrephae [Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae]. J. Insect. Behav. 2009, 22, 423-451.
43. Sivinski, J. The influence of host fruit morphology on parasitization rrates in the Caribbean fruit fly. Anastrepha suspensa. Entomophaga 1991, 36, 447-454.
44. Sivinski, J.; Vulinec, K.; Aluja, M. Ovipositor length in a guild of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking Anastrepha spp. fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in southern Mexico. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 2001, 94, 886-895.
45. Lopez, M.; Aluja, M.; Sivinski, J. Hymenopterous larval-pupal and pupal parasitoids of Anastrepha flies in Mexico. Biol. Control. 1999, 15, 119-129.
46. Wang, X.; Johnson, M.; Daane, K.; Yokoyama, V. Larger fruit size reduces the efficacy of Psyttalia concolor, a parasitoid of the olive fruit fly. Biol. Control. 2009, 49, 45-51.
47. Sivinski, J.; Aluja, M. The evolution of ovipositor length in the parasitic Hymenoptera and the search for predictability in biological control. Fla. Entomol. 2003, 86, 143-150.
48. Moretti, R.; Calvitti, M. Mortality by parasitization in the association between the egg-pupal parasitoid Fopius arisanus and Ceratitis capitata. BioControl 2003, 48, 275-291.
49. Sivinski, J.; Aluja, M.; Lopez, M. Spatial and temporal distributions of parasitoids of Mexican Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae) within the canopies of fruit trees. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 1997, 90, 604-618.
50. Sivinski, J.; Aluja, M.; Holler, T. The distributions of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Tephritidae) and its parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) within the canopies of fruit trees. Fla. Entomol. 1999, 82, 72-81.
51. Hawkins, B. Patterns and Process in Host-Parasitoid Interactions.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1994.
52. García-Medel, D.; Sivinski, J.; Díaz-Fleischer, F.; Rameriez-Romero, R.; Aluja, M. Foraging behavior by six fruit fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) released as single- or multiple-species cohorts in field cages: influence of fruit location and host density. Biol. Control. 2007, 43, 12-22.
53. Stelinski, L.; Boina, D.; Meyer, W. Oviposition marking behavior of Diachasma alloeum, (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitizing Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Insect Behav. 2010, 23, 419-430.
54. Boivin, G.; Brodeur, J. Intra- and inter-specific interactions among parasitoids. In Trophic and Guild Interactions in Biological Control.; Brodeur, J., Boivin, G., Eds.; Springer: The Netherlands, 2006; pp. 124-144.
55. Wang, X.; Messing, R. Intra- and interspecific competition by Fopius arisanus and Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitoids of tephritid fruit flies. Biol. Control. 2003, 27, 251-259.
56. Cancino, J.; Liedo, P.; Ruiz, L.; López, G.; Montoya, P.; Barrera, J.; Sivinski, J.; Aluja, M. Discrimination by Coptera haywardi (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) of hosts previously attacked by conspecifics or by the larval parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 2012, doi: 10.1080/09583157.2012.696088.
57. Aluja, M.; Ovruski, S.; Sivinski, J.; Córdova-García, G.; Schliserman, P.; Nuñez-Campero, S. Ecol. Entomol. submitted for publication, 2012.
58. Strand, M.; Obrycki, J. Host specificity of parasitoids and predators. BioScience 1996, 46, 422-429.
59. Aluja, M.; Mangan, R. Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) host status determination, critical conceptual, methodological, and regulatory considerations. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2008, 53, 473-502.
60. Mena-Correa, J.; Sivinski, J.; Anzures-Dadda, A.; Ramírez-Romero, R.; Gates, M.; Aluja, M. Consideration of Eurytoma sivinskii Gates and Grissell, a eurytomid (Hymenoptera) with unusual foraging behaviors, as a biological control agent of tephritid (Diptera) fruit flies. Biol. Control. 2010, 53, 9-17.
61. Bokonon-Ganta, A.; Ramadan, M.; Wang, X.; Messing, R. Biological performance and potential of Fopius ceratitivorous (Hymenoptera:Braconidae), an egg-larval parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies newly imported to Hawaii. Biol. Control. 2005, 33, 238-247.
62. Stelinski, L.; Liburd, O. Behavioral evidence for host fidelity among populations of the parasitic wasp, Diachasma alloeum (Mueseback). Naturwissenschaften. 2005, 92, 65-68.
63. Sivinski, J. USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL. personnel communication, 2012.
64. Snowball, G.; Lukins, R. Status of introduced parasites of Queensland fruit fly (Strumeta tryoni), 1960-1962. Aust. J. Agr. Res. 1964, 15, 586-608.
65. Spinner, J.; Cowling, A.; Gurr, G.; Jessup, A.; Reynolds, O. Parasitoid fauna of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni Froggart (Diptera: Tephritidae) in inland New South Wales, Australia and its potential use in augmentative biological control. Aust. J. Entomol. 2011, 50, 445-452.
66. Darby, H.; Knapp, E. Studies on the Mexican Fruit Fly, Ananstrepha ludens (Loew). USDA, Tech. Bull. 1934, #444.
67. Wang, X.; Levy, K.; Son, Y.; Johnson, M.; Daane, K. Comparison of the thermal performance between a population of the olive fruit fly and its co-adapted parasitoids. Biol. Control. 2012, 60, 247-254.
68. Eitam, A.; Sivinski, J.; Holler, T.; Aluja, M. Biogeography of braconid parasitoids of the Caribbean fruit fly [Diptera: Tephritidae] in Florida. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 2004, 97, 928-939.
69. Aluja, M.; Lopez, M.; Sivinski, J. Ecological evidence for diapause in four native and one exotic species of larval-pupal fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids in tropical environments. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 1998, 91, 821-833.
70. Sivinski, J.; Piňero, J.; Aluja, M. The distributions of parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritdae) along an altitudinal gradient in Veracruz, Mexico. Biol. Control. 2000, 18, 258-269.
71. Sivinski, J.; Holler, T.; Pereira, R.; Romero, M. The thermal environment of immature Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae). Fla. Entomol. 2007, 90, 347-357.
72. Sivinski, J.; Aluja, M.; Piñero, J.; Ojeda, M. Novel analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of resource use in a group of tephritid flies of the genus Anastrepha. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 2004, 97, 504-512.
73. Force, D. Ecology of insect host-parasitoid communities. Science 1974, 184, 624-632.
74. Heimpel, G.; Casa, J. Parasitoid foraging and oviposition in the field. In Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids from Theoretical Approaches to Field Applications; Wajnberg, É., Bernstein, C., van Alphen, J., eds.; Blackwell Pub: Malden, MA, 2008; pp. 51-70.
75. Purcell, M.; Herr, J.; Messing, R.; Wong, T. Interactions between argumentatively released Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and a complex of opiine parasitoids in a commercial guava grove. Biol. Contr. Sci. Technol. 1998, 8, 139-151.
76. Sivinski, J.; Calkins, C.; Baranowski, R.; Harris, D.; Brambila, J.; Diaz, J.; Burns, R.; Holler, T.; Dodson, G. Suppression of a Caribbean fruit fly, Ananstrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) population through augmentative release of the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera; Braconidae). Biol. Control. 1996, 6, 177-185.
77. Turlings, T.; Wäckers, F.; Vet, L.; Jewis, W.; Tumlinson, J. Learning of host-finding cues by hymenopterous parasitoids. In Insect Learning; Papaj, D., Lewis, A., Eds.; Chapman and Hall: London, 1993; 51-78.
78. Dukas, R.; Duan, J. Potential fitness consequences of associative learning in a parasitoid wasp. Behav. Ecol. 2000, 11, 536-543.
79. Canale, A.; Benelli, G. Impact of mass-rearing on the host seeking behavior and parasitism by the fruit fly parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J. Pest Sci. 2012, 85, 65-74.
80. Stouthammer, R. The use of sexual versus asexual wasps in biological control. Entomophaga 1993, 38, 3-6.
81. Tagami, Y.; Miura, K.; Stouthamer, R. How does infection with parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia reduce fitness of Trichogramma? J. Invertebr. Pathol. 2001, 78, 267-271.
82. Silva, I.; Van Meer, M.; Roskam, M.; Hoogenboom, A.; Gort, G.; Stouthhammer, R. Biological control potential of Wolbachia-infected versus uninfected wasps: laboratory and greenhouse evaluation of Trichogramma cordubensis and T. deion strains. Biol. Control Sci. Technol. 2000, 10, 223-238.
83. Ramirez-Romero, R.; Sivinski, J.; Copeland, C.; Aluja, M. Are individuals from thelytokous and arrhenotokous populations equally adept as biocontrol agents? Orientation and host searching behavior of a fruit fly parasitoid. BioControl 2012, doi 10.1007/s10526-011-9413-3.
84. Davies, A.; Sivinski, J.; Aluja, M. Biol. Cont. submitted for publication, 2012
85. Bian, G.; Xu, Y.; Lu, P.; Xie, Y.; Xi, Z. The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia induces resistance to dengue virus in Aedes aegypti. Plos Pathog. 2010, 6, e1000833. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000833.
86. Messing, R.; Wang, X. Competitor-free space mediates non-target impact of an introduced bniological control agent. Ecol. Entomol. 2009, 34, 107-113.
87. Messing, R.; Roitberg, B.; Broduer, J. Measuring and predicting indirect impacts of biological control: competition, displacement and secondary interactions. In Environmental Impacts of Invertebrates for Biological Control of Arthropods; Methods and Risk Assessment; Bigler, F., Babendreier, D., Kuhlmann, U., Eds.; CABI Pub: Cambridge, MA, 2006, pp 64-77.
88. Vorsino, A.; Wieczorek, A.; Wright, M.; Messing, R. Using evolutionary tools to facilitate the prediction and prevention of host-based differentiation in biological control: A review and perspective. Ann. Appl. Biol. 2012, doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2012.00535.x.
89. Sivinski, J.; Vulinec, K.; Menezes, E.; Aluja, M. The bionomics of Coptera haywardi (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) and other pupal parasitoids of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera). Biol. Control. 1998, 11, 193-202.
90. Forbes, A.; Satar, S.; Hamerlinck, G.; Nelson, A.; Smith, J. DNA barcoding and targeted sampling methods identify a new species and cryptic patterns of host specialization among North American Coptera (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 2012, 105, 608-612.
91. Wang, X.; Messing, R.; Bautista, R. Competitive superiority of early acting species: a case study of opiine fruit fly parasitoids. Biol. Control. Sci. Technol. 2003, 13, 391-402.
92. Aluja, M.; Sivinski, J.; Van Driesche, R.; Anzures-Dadda, A. Biol. Cont. submitted for publication, 2012.
93. Sivinski, J.; Wahl, D.; Holler, T.; Al Dobai, S.; Sivinski, R. Conserving natural enemies with flowering plants: Estimating floral attractiveness to parasitic Hymenoptera and attraction's relationship to flower and plant morphology. Biol. Control. 2011, 58, 208-214.
94. Hoelmer, K.; Kirk, A. Selecting biological control agents against arthropod pests: can science be improved to decease the risk of releasing ineffective agents? Biol. Control. 2005, 34, 255-264.
95. Baeza-Larios, G.; Sivinski, J.; Holler, T.; Aluja, M. The effects of chilling on the fecundity and life span of mass-reared parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Biol. Cont. Sci. Technol. 2002, 12, 205-215.
96. Sivinski, J.; Jeronimo, J.; Holler, T. Development of aerial releases of Diachasmimorpha tyroni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid that attacks the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Guatemalan highlands. Biol. Cont. Sci. Technol. 2000, 10, 15-25.
97. Aluja, M.; Sivinski, J.; Ovruski, S.; Guillén, L.; López, M.; Cancino, J.; Torres-Anaya, A.; Gallegos-Chan, G.; Ruíz, L. Colonization and domestication of seven species of native New World hymenopterous larval-prepupal and pupal fruit fly [Diptera: Tephritidae] parasitoids. Biol. Contr. Sci. Technol. 2009, 19 (Suppl. 1), 49-79.
98. Bautista, R.; Harris, E.; Vargas, R. The fruit fly parasitoid Fopius arisanus: reproductive attributes of pre-released females and the use of added sugar as a potential food supplement in the field. Ent. Exp. Appl. 2001, 101, 247-255.
99. Sivinski, J.; Calkins, C.; Baranowski, R. A container for eclosion and holding of adult insects prior to mass release. Fla. Entomol. 1994, 77, 513-515.
100. Stuhl, C.; Cicero, L.; Sivinski, J.; Teal, P.; Lapointe, S.; Paranhos, B.; Aluja, M. Longevity of multiple species of tephritid (Diptera) parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) provided exotic and sympatric-fruit based diets. J. Insect Physiol. 2011, 57, 1463-1470.
101. Sivinski, J.; Aluja, M.; Holler, T. Food sources for adult Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, a parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies: Effects on longevity and fecundity. Ent. Exp. Appl. 2006, 118, 193-202.
102. Bernstein, C.; Jervis, M. Food-searching in parasitoids: The dilemma of choosing between 'immediate' or future fitness gains. In Behavioral Ecology of Parasitoids; Wajnberg, E., Bernstein, C., van Alphen, J., Bernstein, C., Jervis, M., Eds.; Blackwell Pub: Malden, MA 2008, 129-171.
103. Narváez, A.; Cancino, J.; Canal Daza, N.; Wyckhuys, K. Effect of different dietary resources on longevity, carbohydrate metabolism, and ovarian development in two fruit fly parasitoids. Arthropod-Plant Inte. 2012, in press.
104. Wang, X.; Johnson, M.; Opp, S.; Krugner, R.; Daane, K. Honeydew and insecticide bait as competing food resources for a fruit fly and common natural enemies in the olive ecosystem. Ent. Exp. Appl. 2011, 139, 128-137.
105. Carrasco, M.; Montoya, P.; Cruz-Lopez, L.; Rojas, J. Response of the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to mango fruit volatiles. Environ. Entomol. 2005, 34, 576-583.
106. Quimo, G.; Walter, G. Swarming, delayed sexual maturation of males, and mating behavior of Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J. Insect Behav. 2000, 13, 797-813.
107. Sivinski, J. USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, FL, unpublished work, 1995.
108. Sivinski, J.; Petersson, E. Mate choice and species isolation in swarming insects; In The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids; Choe, J., Crespi, B., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1997; pp. 294-309.
109. Ramadan, M.; Wong, T.; Wong, M. Influence of parasitoid size and age on male mating success of Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), larval parasitoids of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Biol. Control. 1991, 1, 248-255.
110. Hagen, K. A premating period in certain species of the genus Opius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). P. Hawaii Entomol. Soc. 1953, 15, 115-116.
111. Williams, H.; Wong, M.; Wharton, R.; Vinson, S. Hagen's gland morphology and chemical content analysis for three species of parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 1988, 14, 1727-1736.
112. Buckingham, G.; Sharkey, M. Abdominal exocrine glands in Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Adv. Parasit. Hymenopt. Res. 1988, 199-242.
113. Sivinski, J.; Epsky, N. USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, unpublished work, 2000.
114. Boush, G.; Baerwald, R. Courtship behavior and evidence for a sex pheromone in the apple maggot parasite Opius alloeus [Hymenoptera: Braconidae]. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 1967, 60, 805-806.
115. Canale, A.; Benelli, G.; Lucchi, A. Female borne cues affecting Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) male behavior during courtship and mating. Insect Sci. 2012, doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2012.01516.x.
116. Sivinski, J.; Webb, J.C. Acoustic signals produced during courtship in Diachasmimorpha (= Biosteres) longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and other Braconidae. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 1989, 82, 116-120.
117. Knipling, E. Principles of Insect Parasitism Analyzed from New Perspectives In Agriculture Handbook-United States Department of Agriculture # 693; United States Department of Agriculture: Washington, D.C., 1995.
118. Cáceres, C.; McInnis, D.; Shelly, T.; Jang, E.; Robinson, A.; Hendrichs, J. Quality management systems for fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritdae) Sterile Insect Technique. Fla. Entomol. 2007, 90, 1-9.
119. Joyce, A.; Aluja, M.; Sivinski, J.; Vinson, B.; Ramirez-Romero, R.; Bernal, J.; Guillen, L. Effect of continuous rearing on courtship acoustics of five braconid parasitoids, candidates for augmentative biological control of Anastrepha species. BioControl 2010, 55, 573-582.
120. Benelli, G.; Bonsignori, G.; Stefanini, C.; Canale, A. Courtship and mating behavior in the fruit fly parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): The role of wing fanning. J. Pest Sci. 2012, 85, 55-63.