Design and experimental validation of liquid crystal-based reconfigurable reflectarray elements with improved bandwidth in F-band

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Volumn 61, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1704-1713

  Perez Palomino, Gerardo ^a   Baine, Paul ^b   Dickie, Raymond ^b   Bain, Michael ^b   Encinar, Jose A ^a   Cahill, Robert ^b   Barba, Mariano ^a   Toso, Giovanni ^c  

^a UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID   (Spain)

^b QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^c EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY   (France)

Author keywords

Accurate modeling; angle of incidence; anisotropy; bandwidth; inhomogeneity; liquid crystals (LCs); losses; multi resonant cells; phase range; reconfigurable reflect array

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPY; ANTENNA ARRAYS; BANDWIDTH; CELLS; CYTOLOGY; LIQUID CRYSTALS; LOSSES;

ACCURATE MODELING; ANGLE OF INCIDENCE; INHOMOGENEITIES; LIQUID CRYSTALS (LCS); PHASE-RANGE; REFLECTARRAYS;

OPTICAL DESIGN;

EID: 84876036723     PISSN: 0018926X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2242833     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. S. V. Hum, M. Okoniewski, and R. J. Davies, "Realizing an electronically tunable reflectarray using varactor diode-tuned elements," IEEE Microw Wireless Compon Lett., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 422-424, Jun. 2005. (Pubitemid 40998840)
2. B. Mencagli, R. V. Gatti, L. Marcaccioli, and R. Sorrentino, "Design of large mm-wave beam-scanning reflectarrays," in Proc. 35th EuMC, Paris, Oct. 2005, pp. 3-7.
3. H. Rajagopalan, Y. Rahmat-Samii, and W. A. Imbriale, "RF MEMS actuated reconfigurable reflectarray patch-slot element," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 3689-3699, Dec. 2008.
4. E. Carrasco, M. Barba, B. Reig, C. Dieppedale, and J. A. Encinar, "Characterization of a reflectarray gathered element with electronic control using ohmic RFMEMS and patches aperture-coupled to a delay line," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 4190-4201, Sep. 2012.
5. H. Kamoda, T. Iwasaki, J. Tsumochi, T. Kuki, and O. Hashimoto, "60-GHz electronically reconfigurable large reflectarray using single-bit phase shifters," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 2524-2531, Jul. 2011.
6. J. Perruisseau-Carrier and A. K. Skrivervik, "MonolithicMEMS-based reflectarray cell digitally reconfigurable over a 360 dregree phase range," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 56, pp. 138-141, Feb. 2008.
7. P. Siegel, "Terahertz technology," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 910-928, Oct. 2002. (Pubitemid 34255210)
8. P. de Maagt and G. Crone, " (Sub)Millimetre wave antenna technology for upcoming ESA missions," in Proc. P2000, Millennium Conf. Antennas Propag., Davos, Switzerland, Apr. 2000.
9. N. A. Salmon, "Scene simulation for passive and active millimeter and submillimetre-wave imaging for security scanning and medical applications," in Proc. SPIE 8th Int. Symp. Remote Sens., Dec. 2004, vol. 5619, pp. 129-135. (Pubitemid 40565749)
10. M. C. Beard, G. M. Turner, and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, "Terahertz spectroscopy," J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 106, pp. 7149-7159, 2002.
11. A. V. Raisanen et al., "Antennas for electronic beam steering and focusing at millimeter wavelengths," in Proc. Int. Conf. Electromagn. Adv. Appl. (ICEAA) 2012, Sep. 2-7, 2012, pp. 1235-1237.
12. S.B.Kang, M. H. Kwak,M.Choi, S. Kim, T.Kim, E. J.Cha, andK.Y. Kang, "Terahertz dielectric response of ferroelectric Ba(x)Sr(1-x)TiO3 thin films," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Contr., vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 2276-2280, Nov. 2011.
13. N. Vieweg, M. K. Shakfa, B. Scherger, M. Mikulics, and M. Koch, "THz properties of nematic liquid crystals," J. Infr. Millim. Terahertz Waves, vol. 31, pp. 1312-1320, 2010.
14. M. Y. Ismail, W. Hu, R. Cahill, V. Fusco, H. S. Gamble, D. Linton, R. Dickie, S. P. Rea, and N. Grant, "Phase agile reflectarray cell based on liquid crystals," IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 809-814, 2007. (Pubitemid 47210879)
15. R. Marin, A. Mossinger, J. Freese, and R. Jakoby, "Characterization of 35 GHz tunable reflectarray unit cells using highly anisotropic liquid crystal," in Proc. GeMiC 2006 GermanMicrow. Conf., Karlsruhe, Germany, Mar. 28-30, 2006.
16. A. Moessinger, R. Marin, J. Freese, S. Mueller, A. Manabe, and R. Jakoby, "Investigation on 77 GHz tunable reflectarray unit cell with liquid crystal," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag, Nice, France, Nov. 2006, pp. 1-4.
17. W. Hu, R. Cahill, J. A. Encinar, R. Dickie, H. Gamble, V. Fusco, and N. Grant, "Design and measurement of reconfigurable millimeter wave reflectarray cells with nematic liquid crystal," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 3112-3117, Oct. 2008.
18. G. Perez-Palomino, J. A. Encinar, M. Barba, and E. Carrasco, "Design and evaluation of multi-resonant unit-cells based on liquid crystals for reconfigurable reflectarrays," IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 348-354, Feb. 2012.
19. S. Bildik, S. Dieter, C. Fritzsch, M. Frei, C. Fischer,W.Menzel, and R. Jakoby, "Reconfigurable liquid crystal reflectarray with extended tunable phase range," in Proc. 8th EuRAD, Manchester, U.K., Oct. 2011, pp. 404-407.
20. G. Perez-Palomino, J. A. Encinar, and M. Barba, "Accurate electromagnetic modeling of liquid crystal cells for reconfigurable reflectarrays," in Proc. 5th Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag, Rome, Italy, Apr. 2011, pp. 997-1001.
21. R. Dickie et al., "Electrical characterisation of liquid crystals at millimetre wavelengths using frequency selective surfaces," Electron Lett., vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 611-612, May 2012.
22. P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost, The Physics of Liquid Crystals, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Clarendon Press, 1995.
23. CST Microwave Studio. [Online]. Available: http://www.cst.com.
24. W.Hu,M. Arrebola, R. Cahill, J. A. Encinar, V. Fusco, H. S. Gamble, Y. Alvarez, and F. Las-Heras, "94-GHz dual-reflector antenna with reflectarray sufreflector," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 3043-3050, Oct. 2009.
25. A. Moessinger, S. Dieter, R. Jacoby, W. Menzel, and S. Mueller, "Reconfigurable LC-reflectarray setup and characterisation," in Proc. 3rd Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag., Berlin, Germany, Mar. 2009, pp. 2761-2765.
26. J. Huang and J. A. Encinar, Reflectarray Antennas. NewYork,NY, USA: Wiley, 2007.