Transport and health: A look at three Latin American cities;Transporte y salud: Una mirada a tres ciudades latinoamericanas

Cadernos de Saude Publica

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 654-666

  Becerra, Janeth Mosquera ^a,b   Reis, Rodrigo S ^c   Frank, Lawrence D ^d   Ramirez Marrero, Farah A ^e   Welle, Benjamin ^f   Cordero, Eugenio Arriaga ^b   Paz, Fabian Mendez ^a   Crespo, Carlos ^b   Dujon, Veronica ^b   Jacoby, Enrique ^g   Dill, Jennifer ^b   Weigand, Lynn ^b   Padin, Carlos M ^h  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE   (Colombia)

^b PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF PARANÁ   (Brazil)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

^f WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE   (United States)

^g MINISTERIO DE SALUD   (Peru)

^h UNIVERSIDAD METROPOLITANA   (Puerto Rico)

Author keywords

Bicycling; Pendular migration; Transportation; Walking

Indexed keywords

EID: 84876021337     PISSN: 0102311X     EISSN: 16784464     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0102-311X2013000800004     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations. World urbanization prospects: the 2005 revision. New York: United Nations; 2006.
2. Small K. Urban transportation policy. In: Inman RP, editor. Making cities work: prospects and policies for urban America. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2009. p. 63-93.
3. McCarthy M. Transport and health. In: Marmot M, Wilkinson R, editors. Social determinants of health. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. p. 132-54.
4. Ogilvie D, Mitchell R, Mutrie N, Petticrew M, Platt S. Evaluating health effects of transport interventions. Am J Prev Med 2006; 31:118-26.
5. Dora C. A different route to health: implications of transport policies. BMJ 1999; 318:1686-9.
6. Tapia Granados JA. La reducción del tráfico de automóviles: una política urgente de promoción de la salud. Rev Panam Salud Pública 1998; 3:137-51.
7. World Health Organization. Health effects and risks of transport systems: the HEARTS project. http://www.euro.who.int/document/E88772.pdf (accessed on Feb/2011).
8. Chapman L. Transport and climate change: a review. Journal of Transport Geography 2007; 15:354-67.
9. Khasnis A, Nettleman M. Global warming and infectious disease. Arch Med Res 2005; 36:689-96.
10. Künzli N, Kaiser R, Medina S, Studnicka M, Chanel O, Filliger P, et al. Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: a European assessment. Lancet 2000; 356:795-801.
11. Friedman MS. Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood asthma. JAMA 2001; 285:897-905.
12. Finkelstein MM, Jerrett M, Sears MR. Traffic air pollution and mortality rate advancement periods. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 160:173-7.
13. Bell J, Cohen L. Health effects of transportation policy. In: Malekafzali S, editor. Healthy, equitable, transportation policy: recommendations and research. Oakland: Policy Link, The Convergence Partnership; 2010. p. 21-6.
14. Saxena R, Srivastava S, Trivedi D, Anand E, Joshi S, Gupta SK. Impact of environmental pollution on the eye. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2003; 81:491-4.
15. Duki MIZ, Sudarmadi S, Suzuki S, Kawada T, Tri-Tugaswatl A. Effect of air pollution on respiratory health in Indonesia and its economic cost. Arch Environ Health 2003; 58:135-43.
16. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Informe mundial sobre prevención de los traumatismos causados por el tránsito. http://whqlibdoc.who. int/paho/2004/927531599X.pdf (accessed on Jan/2009).
17. Dora C, Phillips M. Transport, environment and health. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2000. (WHO Regional Publications, European Series, 89).
18. Peden MM. World report on road traffic injury prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
19. Davis A, Cavill N, Rutter H, Crombie H. Making the case: improving health through transport. London: Health Development Agency; 2005.
20. Wener RE, Evans GW. Comparing stress of car and train commuters. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 2011; 14:111-6.
21. Kawabata M, Shen Q. Job accessibility as an indicator of auto-oriented urban structure: a comparison of Boston and Los Angeles with Tokyo. Environ Plann B Plann Des 2006; 33:115-30.
22. Hino A, Reis R, Sarmiento OL, Parra D, Brownson R. The built environment and recreational physical activity among adults in Curitiba, Brazil. Prev Med 2011; 52:419-22.
23. Social Exclusion Unit, Office of the Deputy Primer Minister. Making the connections: final report on transport and social exclusion. London: Office of the Deputy Primer Minister; 2003.
24. Zenk SN, Schulz AJ, Israel BA, James SA, Bao S, Wilson ML. Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in Metropolitan Detroit. Am J Public Health 2005; 95:660-7.
25. Burns CM, Inglis AD. Measuring food access in Melbourne: access to healthy and fast foods by car, bus and foot in an urban municipality in Melbourne. Health Place 2007; 13:877-85.
26. Douglas GCC. Rail transit identification and neighbourhood identity. Exploring the potential for 'community-supportive transit'. Journal of Urban Design 2010; 15:175-93.
27. Metz D. Transport policy for an ageing population. Transport Reviews 2003; 23:375-86.
28. Edwards RD. Public transit, obesity, and medical costs: assessing the magnitudes. Prev Med 2008; 46:14-21.
29. Besser LM, Dannenberg AL. Walking to public transit: steps to help meet physical activity recommendations. Am J Prev Med 2005; 29:273-80.
30. Pendola R, Gen S. BMI, auto use, and the urban environment in San Francisco. Health Place 2007; 13:551-6.
31. Bassett Jr. DR, Thompson DL, Pucher J, Buehler R, Crouter SE. Walking, cycling, and obesity rates in Europe, North America and Australia. J Phys Act Health 2008; 5:795-814.
32. Hamer M, Chida Y. Active commuting and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analytic review. Prev Med 2008; 46:9-13.
33. Dora C. The world health report 2003-shaping the future. http://www.who.int/whr/2003/chapter6/ en/index.html (accessed on 26/Jul/2012).
34. Sallis JF, Frank LD, Saelens BE, Kraft MK. Active transportation and physical activity: opportunities for collaboration on transportation and public health research. Transportation Research. Part A, Policy and Practice 2004; 38:249-68.
35. King N, Drouin L, Morency P. Urban transportation, a question of health. 2006 annual report on the health of the population. Montréal: Agence de la Santé et des Services Sociaux de Montréal, Direction de Santé Publique; 2006.
36. Bauman AE, Reis RS, Sallis JF, Wells JC, Loos RJF, Martin BW, et al. Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet 2012; 380:258-71.
37. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Estrategia mundial sobre alimentación saludable, actividad física y salud (DPAS). Plan de implementación en América Latina y el Caribe 2006-2007. Washington DC: Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 2006.
38. Jacoby E, Pardo CF. Ciudades del automóvil, obesidad y cambio climático: se alinean las crisis y también las soluciones. Bogotá: Slow Research; 2010.
39. Wright L, Fulton L. Climate change mitigation and transport in developing nations. Transport Reviews 2005; 25:691-717.
40. Cerruti M, Bertoncello R. Urbanization and internal migration patterns in Latin America. In: Conference on African Migration and Urbanization in Comparative Perspective. Johannesburg; 2003. http://pum.princeton.edu/pumconference/ papers/1-Cerrutti.pdf.
41. Banco Mundial. Ciudades en movimiento. Revisión de la estrategia de transporte urbano del Banco Mundial. Washington DC: Banco Mundial; 2002.
42. World Bank. Transport business strategy. Safe, clean, and affordable. Transport for development. Washington DC: World Bank; 2007.
43. Hidalgo D, Carrigan A. Modernizing public transportation. Lessons learned from major bus improvements in Latin America and Asia. Washington DC: EMBARQ; 2011.
44. Wright L. Bus rapid transit. Sustainable transport: a sourcebook for policy-makers in developing cities. Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit; 2002.
45. Gomez LF, Sarmiento OL, Parra DC, Schmid TL, Pratt M, Jacoby E, et al. Characteristics of the built environment associated with leisure-time physical activity among adults in Bogotá, Colombia: a multilevel study. J Phys Act Health 2010; 7:196-203.
46. Secretaría de Salud Pública Municipal de Cali; Fundación FES-Social; Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Impacto de la implementación del Sistema de Transporte Masivo en la actividad física y la calidad de vida relacionada con salud de los residentes de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Cali: Secretaría de Salud Pública Municipal de Cali; 2008.
47. Pocket world in figures. Highest car ownership. The Economist 2008; http://www.economist.com/ node/11318873 (accessed on 15/Jan/2013).
48. Greene DL, Plotkin SE. Reducing greenhouse gas emission from U.S. transportation. Arlington: Pew Center on Global Climate Change; 2011.
49. Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar. Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia Bogotá, Colombia 2010. http://www. icbf.gov.co/icbf/directorio/portel/libreria/pdf/ 1ENSINLIBROCOMPLETO.pdf (accessed on 28/ Jul/2011).
50. Roberts I, Wentz R, Edwards P. Car manufacturers and global road safety: a word frequency analysis of road safety documents. Injury Prevention 2006; 12:320-2.
51. Thomson I. Impacto de las tendencias sociales, económicas y tecnológicas sobre el transporte público: una investigación preliminar en ciudades de América Latina. Santiago: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe; 2002.
52. Newman P, Kenworthy J. "Peak Car Use": understanding the demise of automobile dependence. World Transport Policy and Practice 2011; 17.2: 31-42.
53. Escamilla-Báez FP, Salazar-Monroy JH. Programa de restricción vehicular "Hoy No Circula" y similares en el mundo. Sus alcances y limitaciones. http://portal2.edomex.gob.mx/sma/cuida_ medioambiente/publicaciones_sma/documen tos_tecnicos/groups/public/documents/edomex_ archivo/sma_pdf_prog_rest_vehi_hoynoci.pdf (accessed on 06/Jan/2012).
54. São Paulo. Lei no 12.490, de 3 de outubro de 1997. Diário Oficial do Município de São Paulo 1997; 4 out.
55. Salcedo CA. Decreto no 0722. Por medio del cual se toman medidas para el mejor ordenamiento del transito de vehículos en las vías publicas del municipio de Santiago de Cali. Santiago de Cali: Municipio de Santiago de Cali; 2005.
56. Peñalosa E. Decreto no 626 de 1998. Ordenamiento del tránsito de vehículos en las vías públicas de Santa Fe de Bogotá, D.C. Santa Fe de Bogotá: Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá; 1998.
57. Shaheen S, Guzman S, Zhang H. Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: past, present, and future. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/ item/79v822k5 (accessed on 06/Jan/2012).
58. Sarmiento OL, Torres A, Jacoby E, Pratt M, Schmid TL, Stierling G. La ciclovía-recreativa: un programa masivo de recreación con potencial en salud pública. J Phys Act Health 2010; 7 Suppl 2:S163-80.
59. Pucher J, Dill J, Handy S. Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: an international review. Prev Med 2010; 50:S106-25.
60. Rogat J, Hinostroza M, Ernest K. Sustainable transport practices in Latin America through mass transit technologies. In: École Nationale Polytechnique, editor. Actes. Colloque International Environnement et Transports dans des Contextes Différents. Ghardaia: École Nationale Polytechnique; 2009. p. 83-92.
61. Reis RS, Hallal PC, Parra DC, Ribeiro IC, Brownson RC, Pratt M, et al. Promoting physical activity through community-wide policies and planning: findings from Curitiba, Brazil. J Phys Act Health 2010; 7:137-45.
62. Parra DC, Hoehner CM, Hallal PC, Ribeiro IC, Reis R, Brownson RC, et al. Perceived environmental correlates of physical activity for leisure and transportation in Curitiba, Brazil. Prev Med 2011; 52:234-8.
63. Bicicletada Curitiba. A rua é de todos! http://bi cicletadacuritiba.wordpress.com/ (accessed on Feb/2011).
64. Parra D, Gomez L, Pratt M, Sarmiento O, Mosquera J, Triche E. Policy and built environment changes in Bogotá and their importance in health promotion. Indoor Built Environment 2007; 16:344-8.
65. Suero D. La bicicleta como medio de transporte en la ciudad de Bogotá, 2007. http://hdl.handle. net/1992/849 (accessed on 23/Jul/2011).
66. Gomez LF, Instituto Distrital de Recreación y Deporte. Estudio para determinar los niveles de actividad física en las personas de 18 a 65 años de la ciudad de Bogotá. Bogotá: Fundación FES Social-Instituto Distrital de Recreación y Deporte; 2003.
67. Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá. Caracterización e indicadores de la movilidad en Bogotá. Observatorio de Movilidad de Bogotá y la Región; 2007. http://camara.ccb.org.co/documentos/11504_ob servatorio1mov.pdf (accessed on 15/Jan/2013).
68. Parra DC, Lobelo F, Gomez LF, Rutt C, Schmid T, Brownson RC, et al. Household motor vehicle use and weight status among Colombian adults: are we driving our way towards obesity? Prev Med 2009; 49:179-83.
69. Cervero R, Sarmiento O, Jacoby E, Gomez LF, Neiman A. Influences of built environments on walking and cycling: lessons from Bogotá. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 2009; 3:203-26.
70. Gomez LF, Parra DC, Buchner D, Brownson RC, Sarmiento OL, Pinzon JD, et al. Built environment attributes and walking patterns among the elderly population in Bogotá. Am J Prev Med 2010; 38:592-9.
71. Rodríguez DA, Brisson EM, Estupinan N. The relationship between segment-level built environment attributes and pedestrian activity around Bogotá's BRT stations. Transportation Research. Part D, Transport and Environment 2009; 14:470-8.
72. Zegras C. The built environment and motor vehicle ownership and use: evidence from Santiago de Chile. Urban Studies 2010; 47:1793-817.
73. Ureta S. To move or not to move? Social exclusion, accessibility and daily mobility among the lowincome population in Santiago, Chile. Mobilities 2008; 3:269-89.
74. Yáñez MF, Mansilla P, de Dios Ortuzar J. The Santiago panel: measuring the effects of implementing Transantiago. Transportation 2010; 37:125-49.
75. Dill J, Carr T. Bicycle commuting and facilities in Major U.S. cities: if you build them, commuters will use them. Transportation Research Record 2003; 1828:116-23.
76. Deng T, Nelson J. Recent developments in bus rapid transit: a review of the literature. Transport Reviews 2011; 31:69-96.
77. Cohen J. Calming traffic on Bogotá's killing streets. Science 2008; 319:742-3.
78. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas, Alcaldia Mayor de Bogotá D.C. Boletín Censo General 2005, perfil Bogotá. http://www. dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/PERFIL_PDF_ CG2005/11001T7T000.PDF (accessed on 24/Jan/ 2013).
79. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Cidades@, Paraná. http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidade sat/link.php?uf=pr (accessed on 24/Jan/2013).
80. Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Chile. Resultados generales censo, 2010. Santiago: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Chile; 2010.
81. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. State of the world's cities 2010/2011-cities for all: bridging the urban divide. Overview and key findings. Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme; 2010.
82. United Nations Development Programme. Regional and national trends in the Human Development Index 1980-2011. http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/ trends/ (accessed on 24/Jan/2013).
83. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Urban population, development and the environment, 2011. http://www.un.org/esa/ population/publications/2011UrbanPopDevEnv_ Chart/urbanwallchart_2011-web-smaller.pdf (accessed on 24/Jan/2013).
84. Departamento de Transito do Paraná. Anuário estatístico de trânsito-2010. http://www.detran.pr.gov. br/arquivos/File/estatisticasdetransito/anuario/ anuario2010.pdf (accessed on 22/Ago/2011).
85. López-Barrera R. Santiago pedaleará mucho más gracias a la construcción de ciclovías y estacionamientos. Furiosos Ciclistas; 2008. http://www.fu riosos.cl/2008/02/10/santiago-pedaleara-muchomas-gracias-a-la-construccion-de-ciclovias-y-es tacionamientos-2/ (accessed on 23/Feb/2008).
86. Sperling D, Salon D. Transportation in developing countries: an overview of greenhouse gas reduction strategies. The Pew Center on Global Climate Change; 2002. http://www.c2es.org/docUploads/ transportation_overview.pdf (accessed on 01/ Nov/2012).