Cerebrovascular ultrasonography: Technique and common pitfalls

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 121-127

  Bathala, Lokesh ^a   Mehndiratta, Man Mohan ^b   Sharma, Vijay K ^c  

^a NARAYANA MEDICAL COLLEGE   (India)

^b G B PANT HOSPITAL   (India)

^c NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Cervical duplex; Ischemic stroke; Transcranial Doppler; Ultrasonography

Indexed keywords

ARTERIAL WALL THICKNESS; ARTERY OCCLUSION; ARTICLE; B SCAN; BLOOD RHEOLOGY; BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CAROTID ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CERVICAL DUPLEX ULTRASONOGRAPHY; CLINICAL FEATURE; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; ECHOGRAPHY; EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY; NEUROIMAGING; PATIENT POSITIONING; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER; VASCULAR PATENCY; VASCULAR RESISTANCE; VERTEBRAL ARTERY;

EID: 84875708533     PISSN: 09722327     EISSN: 19983549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.107723     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Das SK, Banerjee TK, Biswas A, Roy T, Raut DK, Mukherjee CS, et al. A prospective community-based study of stroke in Kolkata, India. Stroke 2007;38:906-10.
2. Latchaw RE, Alberts MJ, Lev MH, Connors JJ, Harbaugh RE, Higashida RT, et al. Recommendations for imaging of acute ischemic stroke: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke 2009;40:3646-78.
3. Chernyshev OY, Garami Z, Calleja S, Song J, Campbell MS, Noser EA, et al. Yield and accuracy of urgent combined carotid/transcranial ultrasound testing in acute cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2005;36:32-7.
4. Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, Albers GW, Bush RL, Fagan SC, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American heart association/American stroke association. Stroke 2011;42:227-76.
5. Alberts MJ, Latchaw RE, Selman WR, Shepard T, Hadley MN, Brass LM, et al. Recommendations for comprehensive stroke centers: A consensus statement from the Brain Attack Coalition. Stroke 2005;36:1597-618.
6. Bergman HL, Chesler NC, Ku DN, Wootton DM. Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. In: Hennerici M, Meairs S, editors. Cerebrovasclar ultrasound-theory, practice and future developments. Edinburgh: Cambridge University press; 2001. p. 134-151.
7. Tahmasebpour HR, Buckley AR, Cooperberg PL, Fix CH. Sonographic examination of the carotid arteries. Radiographics 2005;25:1561-75.
8. Neumyer MM, Alexandrov AV. Cerebrovascular anatomy and principles of extracranial ultrasound examination. In: Andrei V. Alexandrov, editors. Cerebrovascular Ultrasound in Stroke Prevention and Treatment. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p. 3-16.
9. Spencer MP, Reid JM. Quantitation of carotid stenosis with continuous-wave (C-W) Doppler ultrasound. Stroke 1979;10:326-30.
10. Pignoli P, Tremoli E, Poli A, Oreste P, Paoletti R. Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: A direct measurement with ultrasound imaging. Circulation 1986;74:1399-406.
11. Heiss G, Sharrett AR, Barnes R, Chambless LE, Szklo M, Alzola C. Carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound in populations: Associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the ARIC study. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134:250-6.
12. Salonen JT, Salonen R. Ultrasonographically assessed carotid morphology and the risk of coronary heart disease. Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:1245-9.
13. Polak JF, Pencina MJ, Pencina KM, O'Donnell CJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB Sr. Carotid wall intima-media thickness and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2011;365:213-21.
14. Reilly LM, Lusby RJ, Hugues L, Ferrell LD, Stoney RJ, Ehrenfeld WK. Carotid plaque histology using real-time ultrasonography. Clinical and therapeutic implications. Am J Surg 1997;113:1352-8.
15. Widder B, Paulat K, Hachspacher J. Morphological characterization of carotid artery stenoses by ultrasound duplex scanning. Ultrasound Med Biol 1990;16:349-54.
16. De Bray JM, Baud JM, Dauzat M. Consensus concerning the morphology and the risk of carotid plaques. Cerebrovasc Dis1996;7:289-96.
17. Joakimsen O, Bønaa KH, Stensland-Bugge E. Reproducibility of ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque occurrence, thickness, and morphology. The Tromsø Study. Stroke 1997;28:2201-7.
18. Johnson JM, Kennely M, Decesale D, Morgan S, Sparrow S. Natural history of asymptomatic plaque. Arch Surg 1985 120:1010-12.
19. Sacco RL, Ellenberg JH, Mohr JP, Tatemichi TK, Hier DB, Price TR, et al. Infarcts of undetermined cause: The NINCDS Stroke Data Bank. Ann Neurol 1989;25:382-90.
20. Colhoun E, MacErlean D. Carotid artery imaging using duplex scanning and bidirectional arteriography: A comparison. Clin Radiol 1984;35:101-6.
21. Grant EG, Benson CB, Moneta GL, Alexandrov AV, Baker JD, Bluth EI, et al. Carotid artery stenosis: Gray-scale and Doppler US diagnosis-Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference. Radiology 2003;229:340-6.
22. Gosselin C, Walker PM. Subclavian steal syndrome: Existence, clinical features, diagnosis and management. Semin Vasc Surg 1996;9:93-7.
23. Walker PM, Paley D, Haris KA, Thompson A, Johnson KW. What determines the symptoms associated with subclavian artery occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 1985;2:154-7.
24. Yonas H, Smith HA, Durham SR, Pentheny SL, Johnson DW. Increased stroke risk predicted by compromised cerebral blood flow reactivity. J Neurosurg 1993;79:483-9.