메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 104, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 14-27

Self-affirmation can enable goal disengagement

Author keywords

Failure; Goal disengagement; Motivation; Performance; Self affirmation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MOTIVATION; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; SELF CONCEPT; SELF EVALUATION; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 84875544403     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0030478     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (44)
  • 1
    • 40749132031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selfaffirmation increases acceptance of health-risk information among UK adult smokers with low socioeconomic status
    • doi:10.1037/0893-164X.22.1.88
    • Armitage, C. J., Harris, P. R., Hepton, G., & Napper, L. (2008). Selfaffirmation increases acceptance of health-risk information among UK adult smokers with low socioeconomic status. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 88-95. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.22.1.88
    • (2008) Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , vol.22 , pp. 88-95
    • Armitage, C.J.1    Harris, P.R.2    Hepton, G.3    Napper, L.4
  • 2
    • 0033235905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimism and self-mastery predict more rapid disengagement from unsolvable tasks in the presence of alternatives
    • doi:10.1023/A:1021367331817
    • Aspinwall, L. G., & Richter, L. (1999). Optimism and self-mastery predict more rapid disengagement from unsolvable tasks in the presence of alternatives. Motivation and Emotion, 23, 221-245. doi:10.1023/A:1021367331817
    • (1999) Motivation and Emotion , vol.23 , pp. 221-245
    • Aspinwall, L.G.1    Richter, L.2
  • 3
    • 78651446912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making up for lost opportunities: The protective role of downward social comparisons for coping with regrets across adulthood
    • doi:10.1177/0146167210393256
    • Bauer, I., & Wrosch, C. (2011). Making up for lost opportunities: The protective role of downward social comparisons for coping with regrets across adulthood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 215- 228. doi:10.1177/0146167210393256
    • (2011) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.37
    • Bauer, I.1    Wrosch, C.2
  • 4
    • 78650979271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do conscious thoughts cause behavior?
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.131126
    • Baumeister, R. F., Masicampo, E. J., & Vohs, K. D. (2011). Do conscious thoughts cause behavior? Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 331-361. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.131126
    • (2011) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 331-361
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Masicampo, E.J.2    Vohs, K.D.3
  • 5
    • 84993709949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychology as the science of self-reports and finger movements: Whatever happened to actual behavior?
    • doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x
    • Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Funder, D. C. (2007). Psychology as the science of self-reports and finger movements: Whatever happened to actual behavior? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 396-403. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x
    • (2007) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.2 , pp. 396-403
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Vohs, K.D.2    Funder, D.C.3
  • 6
    • 0022636092 scopus 로고
    • Escalation of commitment to an ineffective course of action: The effect of feedback having negative implications for self-identity
    • doi:10.2307/2392768
    • Brockner, J., Houser, R., Birnbaum, G., Lloyd, K., Deitcher, J., Nathanson, S., & Rubin, J. Z. (1986). Escalation of commitment to an ineffective course of action: The effect of feedback having negative implications for self-identity. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 109 -126. doi:10.2307/2392768
    • (1986) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.31
    • Brockner, J.1    Houser, R.2    Birnbaum, G.3    Lloyd, K.4    Deitcher, J.5    Nathanson, S.6    Rubin, J.Z.7
  • 7
    • 0002953985 scopus 로고
    • Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.19
    • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97, 19-35. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.19
    • (1990) Psychological Review , vol.97 , pp. 19-35
    • Carver, C.S.1    Scheier, M.F.2
  • 8
    • 0034346319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When beliefs yield to evidence: Reducing biased evaluation by affirming the self
    • doi:10.1177/01461672002611011
    • Cohen, G. L., Aronson, J., & Steele, C. M. (2000). When beliefs yield to evidence: Reducing biased evaluation by affirming the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1151-1164. doi:10.1177/01461672002611011
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 1151-1164
    • Cohen, G.L.1    Aronson, J.2    Steele, C.M.3
  • 9
    • 65249098952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recursive processes in self-affirmation: Intervening to close the minority achievement gap
    • doi:10.1126/science.1170769, April 17
    • Cohen, G. L., Garcia, J., Purdie-Vaughns, V., Apfel, N., & Brzustoski, P. (2009, April 17). Recursive processes in self-affirmation: Intervening to close the minority achievement gap. Science, 324, 400-403. doi:10.1126/science.1170769
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , pp. 400-403
    • Cohen, G.L.1    Garcia, J.2    Purdie-Vaughns, V.3    Apfel, N.4    Brzustoski, P.5
  • 10
    • 85047673567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.804
    • Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. (2002). Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 804-818. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.804
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 804-818
    • Elliot, A.J.1    Thrash, T.M.2
  • 11
    • 57749108394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-affirmation promotes health behavior change
    • doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.6.746
    • Epton, T., & Harris, P. R. (2008). Self-affirmation promotes health behavior change. Health Psychology, 27, 746-752. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.6.746
    • (2008) Health Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 746-752
    • Epton, T.1    Harris, P.R.2
  • 12
    • 0031510164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.31
    • Fein, S., & Spencer, S. J. (1997). Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 31-44. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.31
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 31-44
    • Fein, S.1    Spencer, S.J.2
  • 13
    • 0034827824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of the Situational Self-Awareness Scale
    • doi:10.1006/ccog.2001.0506
    • Govern, J. M., & Marsch, L. A. (2001). Development and validation of the Situational Self-Awareness Scale. Consciousness and Cognition, 10, 366-378. doi:10.1006/ccog.2001.0506
    • (2001) Consciousness and Cognition , vol.10 , pp. 366-378
    • Govern, J.M.1    Marsch, L.A.2
  • 14
    • 34547669185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selfaffirmation reduces smokers' defensiveness to graphic on-pack cigarette warning labels
    • doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.4.437
    • Harris, P. R., Mayle, K., Mabbott, L., & Napper, L. (2007). Selfaffirmation reduces smokers' defensiveness to graphic on-pack cigarette warning labels. Health Psychology, 26, 437-446. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.4.437
    • (2007) Health Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 437-446
    • Harris, P.R.1    Mayle, K.2    Mabbott, L.3    Napper, L.4
  • 15
    • 24344484389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-affirmation and the biased processing of threatening health-risk information
    • doi:10.1177/0146167205274694
    • Harris, P. R., & Napper, L. (2005). Self-affirmation and the biased processing of threatening health-risk information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1250-1263. doi:10.1177/0146167205274694
    • (2005) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.31 , pp. 1250-1263
    • Harris, P.R.1    Napper, L.2
  • 16
    • 0034166838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal evaluations following threats to self: Role of self-esteem
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.725
    • Heatherton, T. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2000). Interpersonal evaluations following threats to self: Role of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 725-736. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.725
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.78 , pp. 725-736
    • Heatherton, T.F.1    Vohs, K.D.2
  • 18
    • 74549151045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-affirmation enhances attentional bias toward threatening components of a persuasive message
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02467.x
    • Klein, W. M. P., & Harris, P. R. (2009). Self-affirmation enhances attentional bias toward threatening components of a persuasive message. Psychological Science, 20, 1463-1467. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02467.x
    • (2009) Psychological Science , vol.20 , pp. 1463-1467
    • Klein, W.M.P.1    Harris, P.R.2
  • 19
    • 80051883854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feelings of vulnerability in response to threatening messages: Effect of selfaffirmation
    • doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.05.005
    • Klein, W. M. P., Harris, P. R., Ferrer, R. A., & Zajac, L. E. (2011). Feelings of vulnerability in response to threatening messages: Effect of selfaffirmation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 1237-1242. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.05.005
    • (2011) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 1237-1242
    • Klein, W.M.P.1    Harris, P.R.2    Ferrer, R.A.3    Zajac, L.E.4
  • 20
    • 0001113089 scopus 로고
    • Foundations of an attributional theory of performance
    • doi:10.1037/h0033494
    • Kukla, A. (1972). Foundations of an attributional theory of performance. Psychological Review, 79, 454-470. doi:10.1037/h0033494
    • (1972) Psychological Review , vol.79 , pp. 454-470
    • Kukla, A.1
  • 21
    • 32044455836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combating stereotype threat: The effect of self-affirmation on women's intellectual performance
    • doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.04.010
    • Martens, A., Johns, M., Greenberg, J., & Schimel, J. (2006). Combating stereotype threat: The effect of self-affirmation on women's intellectual performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 236-243. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.04.010
    • (2006) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 236-243
    • Martens, A.1    Johns, M.2    Greenberg, J.3    Schimel, J.4
  • 22
    • 84995178389 scopus 로고
    • The Remote Associates Test
    • doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.1968.tb00104.x
    • Mednick, S. A. (1968). The Remote Associates Test. Journal of Creative Behavior, 2, 213-214. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.1968.tb00104.x
    • (1968) Journal of Creative Behavior , vol.2 , pp. 213-214
    • Mednick, S.A.1
  • 23
    • 34548329734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You've gotta know when to fold 'em: Goal disengagement and systemic inflammation in adolescence
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01977.x
    • Miller, G. E., & Wrosch, C. (2007). You've gotta know when to fold 'em: Goal disengagement and systemic inflammation in adolescence. Psychological Science, 18, 773-777. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01977.x
    • (2007) Psychological Science , vol.18 , pp. 773-777
    • Miller, G.E.1    Wrosch, C.2
  • 24
    • 78649433829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the gender achievement gap in college science: A classroom study of values affirmation
    • doi:10.1126/science.1195996, November 26
    • Miyake, A., Kost-Smith, L. E., Finkelstein, N. D., Pollock, S. J., Cohen, G. L., & Ito, T. A. (2010, November 26). Reducing the gender achievement gap in college science: A classroom study of values affirmation. Science, 330, 1234-1237. doi:10.1126/science.1195996
    • (2010) Science , vol.330 , pp. 1234-1237
    • Miyake, A.1    Kost-Smith, L.E.2    Finkelstein, N.D.3    Pollock, S.J.4    Cohen, G.L.5    Ito, T.A.6
  • 25
    • 0033982329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is depression an adaptation?
    • doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.1.14
    • Nesse, R. M. (2000). Is depression an adaptation? Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 14-20. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.1.14
    • (2000) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 14-20
    • Nesse, R.M.1
  • 26
    • 0032338605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-affirmation reduces biased processing of health-risk information
    • doi:10.1023/A:1021463221281
    • Reed, M. B., & Aspinwall, L. G. (1998). Self-affirmation reduces biased processing of health-risk information. Motivation and Emotion, 22, 99-132. doi:10.1023/A:1021463221281
    • (1998) Motivation and Emotion , vol.22 , pp. 99-132
    • Reed, M.B.1    Aspinwall, L.G.2
  • 27
    • 84952922185 scopus 로고
    • Society and the adolescent self-image
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1965)
    • Rosenberg, M.1
  • 28
    • 0028725058 scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and selfesteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063
    • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and selfesteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 1063-1078
    • Scheier, M.F.1    Carver, C.S.2    Bridges, M.W.3
  • 29
    • 18144426415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-affirmation and mortality salience: Affirming values reduces worldview defense and deaththought accessibility
    • doi:10.1177/0146167204271567
    • Schmeichel, B. J., & Martens, A. (2005). Self-affirmation and mortality salience: Affirming values reduces worldview defense and deaththought accessibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 658-667. doi:10.1177/0146167204271567
    • (2005) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.31 , pp. 658-667
    • Schmeichel, B.J.1    Martens, A.2
  • 30
    • 65349126333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-affirmation and self-control: Affirming core values counteracts ego depletion
    • doi:10.1037/a0014635
    • Schmeichel, B. J., & Vohs, K. (2009). Self-affirmation and self-control: Affirming core values counteracts ego depletion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 770-782. doi:10.1037/a0014635
    • (2009) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.96 , pp. 770-782
    • Schmeichel, B.J.1    Vohs, K.2
  • 31
    • 0034346302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do messages about health risks threaten the self? Increasing the acceptance of threatening health messages via self-affirmation
    • doi:10.1177/01461672002611003
    • Sherman, D. A. K., Nelson, L. D., & Steele, C. M. (2000). Do messages about health risks threaten the self? Increasing the acceptance of threatening health messages via self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1046-1058. doi:10.1177/01461672002611003
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 1046-1058
    • Sherman, D.A.K.1    Nelson, L.D.2    Steele, C.M.3
  • 32
    • 0036021959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accepting threatening information: Self-affirmation and the reduction of defensive biases
    • doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00182
    • Sherman, D. K., & Cohen, G. L. (2002). Accepting threatening information: Self-affirmation and the reduction of defensive biases. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 119-123. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00182
    • (2002) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.11 , pp. 119-123
    • Sherman, D.K.1    Cohen, G.L.2
  • 33
    • 33748062991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory
    • M. P. Zanna (Ed.), San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • Sherman, D. K., & Cohen, G. L. (2006). The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 38, pp. 183-242). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (2006) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.38 , pp. 183-242
    • Sherman, D.K.1    Cohen, G.L.2
  • 34
    • 12344319227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there an "I" in "team"? The role of the self in group-serving judgments
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.108
    • Sherman, D. K., & Kim, H. S. (2005). Is there an "II" in "team"? The role of the self in group-serving judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 108-120. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.108
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 108-120
    • Sherman, D.K.1    Kim, H.S.2
  • 35
    • 0035608014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintaining one's self-image vis-à-vis others: The role of self-affirmation in the social evaluation of the self
    • doi:10.1023/A:1010659805978
    • Spencer, S. J., Fein, S., & Lomore, C. D. (2001). Maintaining one's self-image vis-à-vis others: The role of self-affirmation in the social evaluation of the self. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 41-65. doi:10.1023/A:1010659805978
    • (2001) Motivation and Emotion , vol.25 , pp. 41-65
    • Spencer, S.J.1    Fein, S.2    Lomore, C.D.3
  • 36
    • 77957077319 scopus 로고
    • The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self
    • L. Berkowitz (Ed.), New York, NY: Academic Press.
    • Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 261-302). New York, NY: Academic Press.
    • (1988) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.21 , pp. 261-302
    • Steele, C.M.1
  • 37
    • 0034345994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the confluence of self-esteem maintenance mechanisms
    • doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0404_1
    • Tesser, A. (2000). On the confluence of self-esteem maintenance mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 290-299. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0404_1
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.4 , pp. 290-299
    • Tesser, A.1
  • 38
    • 38949084243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-efficacy and resource allocation: Support for a nonmonotonic, discontinuous model
    • doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.35
    • Vancouver, J. B., More, K. M., & Yoder, R. J. (2008). Self-efficacy and resource allocation: Support for a nonmonotonic, discontinuous model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 35-47. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.35
    • (2008) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.93 , pp. 35-47
    • Vancouver, J.B.1    More, K.M.2    Yoder, R.J.3
  • 39
    • 85047685770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-esteem and threats to self: Implications for self-construals and interpersonal perceptions
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.1103
    • Vohs, K. D., & Heatherton, T. F. (2001). Self-esteem and threats to self: Implications for self-construals and interpersonal perceptions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 1103-1118. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.1103
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 1103-1118
    • Vohs, K.D.1    Heatherton, T.F.2
  • 40
    • 0028909256 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of experimentally induced efficacy (ability) appraisals at low and high levels of avoidant task demand
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb03309.x
    • Wright, R. A., & Dismukes, A. (1995). Cardiovascular effects of experimentally induced efficacy (ability) appraisals at low and high levels of avoidant task demand. Psychophysiology, 32, 172-176. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb03309.x
    • (1995) Psychophysiology , vol.32 , pp. 172-176
    • Wright, R.A.1    Dismukes, A.2
  • 41
    • 66049144381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive symptoms can be useful: Self-regulatory and emotional benefits of dysphoric mood in adolescence
    • doi:10.1037/a0015172
    • Wrosch, C., & Miller, G. E. (2009). Depressive symptoms can be useful: Self-regulatory and emotional benefits of dysphoric mood in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1181-1190. doi:10.1037/a0015172
    • (2009) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.96 , pp. 1181-1190
    • Wrosch, C.1    Miller, G.E.2
  • 42
    • 0242635714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being
    • doi:10.1177/0146167203256921
    • Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Miller, G. E., Schulz, R., & Carver, C. S. (2003). Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1494 -1508. doi:10.1177/0146167203256921
    • (2003) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.29
    • Wrosch, C.1    Scheier, M.F.2    Miller, G.E.3    Schulz, R.4    Carver, C.S.5
  • 43
    • 33744828673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Your money or your self-esteem: Threatened egotism promotes costly entrapment in losing endeavors
    • doi:10.1177/0146167206287120
    • Zhang, L., & Baumeister, R. F. (2006). Your money or your self-esteem: Threatened egotism promotes costly entrapment in losing endeavors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 881-893. doi:10.1177/0146167206287120
    • (2006) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.32 , pp. 881-893
    • Zhang, L.1    Baumeister, R.F.2
  • 44
    • 84961784037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of self-affirmation on responses to gain- versus loss-framed antismoking messages
    • doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01385.x
    • Zhao, X., & Nan, X. (2010). Influence of self-affirmation on responses to gain- versus loss-framed antismoking messages. Human Communication Research, 36, 493-511. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01385.x
    • (2010) Human Communication Research , vol.36 , pp. 493-511
    • Zhao, X.1    Nan, X.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.