Observational assessment of nonlocal heat flux feedback in the North Atlantic by GEFA

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 645-653

  Wen, Na ^a   Liu, Zhengyu ^b   Liu, Qinyu ^c  

^a NANJING UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^c OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA   (China)

Author keywords

Atmosphere ocean interaction

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN INTERACTIONS; GENERALIZED EQUILIBRIUMS; GULF STREAM EXTENSIONS; NON-LOCAL HEAT FLUX; NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN; RESPONSE MAGNITUDE; SURFACE HEAT FLUX RESPONSE; TURBULENT HEAT FLUXES;

FEEDBACK; OCEAN CURRENTS;

HEAT FLUX;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; HEAT FLUX; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONALITY; TEMPERATURE ANOMALY; TURBULENT FLOW;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH);

EID: 84875407941     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: 15588432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0257.1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Alexander, M. A., I. Bladé, M. Newman, J. R. Lanzante, N. C. Lau, and J. D. Scott, 2002: The atmospheric bridge: The influence of ENSO teleconnections on air-sea interaction over the global oceans. J. Climate, 15, 2205-2231.
2. Cayan, D. R., 1992: Latent and sensible heat flux anomalies over the northern oceans: Driving the sea surface temperature. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 859-881.
3. Ciasto, L. M., and D. W. J. Thompson, 2004: North Atlantic atmosphere-ocean interaction on intraseasonal time scales. J. Climate, 17, 1617-1621.
4. Czaja, A., and C. Frankignoul, 2002: Observed impact of North Atlantic SST anomalies on the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Climate, 15, 606-623.
5. Deser, C., and M. S. Timlin, 1997: Atmosphere-ocean interaction on weekly timescales in the North Atlantic and Pacific. J. Climate, 10, 393-408.
6. Fan, L., Z. Liu, and Q. Liu, 2011: Robust GEFA assessment of climate feedback to SST EOF modes. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 28, 907-912, doi:10.1007/s00376-010-0081-5.
7. Frankignoul, C., and E. Kestenare, 2002: The surface heat flux feedback. Part I: Estimates from the observations in the Atlantic and the North Pacific. Climate Dyn., 19, 633-647.
8. Frankignoul, C., and N. Sennechael, 2007: Observed influence of North Pacific SST anomalies on the atmospheric circulation. J. Climate, 20, 592-606.
9. Frankignoul, C., A. Czaja, and B. L'Heveder, 1998: Air-sea feedback in the North Atlantic and surface boundary conditions for ocean models. J. Climate, 11, 2310-2324.
10. Frankignoul, C., E. Kestenare, and J. Mignot, 2002: The surface heat flux feedback. Part II: Direct and indirect estimates in the ECHAM4/OPA8 coupled GCM. Climate Dyn., 19, 649-655.
11. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
12. Kelly, K. A., and S. Dong, 2004: The relation of western boundary current heat transport and storage to mid-latitude ocean- atmosphere interaction. Earth's Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 147, Amer. Geophys. Union, 347-363.
13. Kushnir, Y., and I. M. Held, 1996: Equilibrium atmospheric response to North Atlantic SST anomalies. J. Climate, 9, 1208-1220.
14. Kushnir, Y., W.A.Robinson, I. Bladé, N.M. J.Hall, S. Peng, and R. Sutton, 2002: Atmospheric GCM response to extratropical SST anomalies: Synthesis and evaluation. J. Climate, 15, 2233-2256.
15. Kwon, Y.-O., M. A. Alexander, N. A. Bond, C. Frankignoul, H. Nakamura, B. Qiu, and L. A. Thompson, 2010: Role of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio-Oyashio systems in large-scale atmosphere-ocean interaction: Areview. J. Climate, 23, 3249-3281.
16. Latif, M., and T. P. Barnett, 1994: Causes of decadal climate variability in the North Pacific/North American sector. Science, 266, 634-637.
17. Lau, N.-C., A. Leetmaa, and M. J. Nath, 2006: Attribution of atmospheric variations in the 1997-2003 period to SST anomalies in the Pacific and Indian Ocean basins. J. Climate, 19, 3607-3628.
18. Liu, Q., N. Wen, and Z. Liu, 2006: An observational study of the impact of the North Pacific SST on the atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18611, doi:10.1029/2006GL026082.
19. Liu, Z., and L. Wu, 2004: Atmospheric response to North Pacific SST: The role of ocean-atmosphere coupling. J. Climate, 17, 1859-1882.
20. Liu, Z., and N. Wen, 2008: On the assessment of nonlocal climate feedback. Part II: EFA-SVD analysis and optimal feedback. J. Climate, 21, 5402-5415.
21. Liu, Z., N. Wen, and Y. Liu, 2008: On the assessment of nonlocal climate feedback. Part I: The generalized equilibrium feedback analysis. J. Climate, 21, 134-148.
22. Liu, Z., N. Wen, and L. Fan, 2012a: Assessing atmospheric response to surface forcing in the observation. Part I: Cross validation of annual response using GEFA, LIM, and FDT. J. Climate, 25, 6796-6816.
23. Liu, Z., L. Fan, S. I. Shin, and Q. Liu, 2012b: Assessing atmospheric response to surface forcing in the observation. Part II: Cross validation of seasonal response using GEFA and LIM. J. Climate, 25, 6817-6834.
24. Minobe, S., A. Kuwano-Yoshida, N. Komori, S. Xie, and R. J. Small, 2008: Influence of the Gulf Stream on the troposphere. Nature, 452, 206-209.
25. Nonaka, M., and S. P. Xie, 2003: Covariations of sea surface temperature and wind over the Kuroshio and its extension: Evidence for ocean-to-atmosphere feedback. J. Climate, 16, 1404-1413.
26. Palmer, T. N., and Z. Sun, 1985: A modeling and observational study of the relationship between sea surface temperature in the north-west Atlantic and the atmospheric general circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 947-975.
27. Park, S., C. Deser, and M. A. Alexander, 2005: Estimation of the surface heat flux response to sea surface temperature anomalies over the global oceans. J. Climate, 18, 4582-4599.
28. Peng, S., L. A. Mysak, H. Richtie, J. Derome, and B. Dugas, 1995: The differences between early and midwinter atmospheric responses to sea surface temperature anomalies in the northwest Atlantic. J. Climate, 8, 137-157.
29. Rahmstorf, S., and J. Willebrand, 1995: The role of temperature feedback in stabilizing the thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 787-805.
30. Tanimoto, Y., H. Nakamura, T. Kagimoto, and S. Yamane, 2003: An active role of extratropical sea surface temperature anomalies in determining anomalous turbulent heat fluxes. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3304, doi:10.1029/2002JC001750.
31. Vimont, D. J., D. S. Battisti, and A. C. Hirst, 2001: Footprinting: A seasonal connection between the tropics and midlatitudes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3923-3926.
32. Wen, N., Z. Liu, Q. Liu, and C. Frankignoul, 2005: Observations of SST, heat flux and North Atlantic Ocean-atmosphere interaction. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L24619, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL024871.
33. Wen, N., Z. Liu, Q. Liu, and C. Frankignoul, 2010: Observed atmospheric responses to global SST variability modes: A unified assessment using GEFA. J. Climate, 23, 1739-1759.
34. Zhong, Y., and Z. Liu, 2008: A joint statistical and dynamical assessment of atmospheric response to North Pacific oceanic variability in CCSM3. J. Climate, 21, 6044-6051.
35. Zhong, Y., Z. Liu, and M. Notaro, 2011: A GEFA assessment of global ocean influence on U.S. hydroclimate variability: Attribution to regional SST variability modes. J. Climate, 24, 693-707.