Deregulation of and mergers among American and Canadian railroads: A study of four decades

Research in Transportation Business and Management

Volumn 6, Issue , 2013, Pages 11-18

  Larson, Paul D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Deregulation; Mergers; Oil prices; Railroads

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875384482     PISSN: 22105395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rtbm.2012.12.003     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. AAR Railroad facts 1980, 3. Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC.
2. AAR Railroad facts 1998, 26. Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC.
3. AAR Railroad facts 2010, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC.
4. AAR The environmental benefits of moving freight by rail 2011, Oct, Association of American Railroads, (http://www.aar.org/~/media/aar/Background-Papers/The-Environmental-Bene fits-of-Rail.ashx).
5. AAR Freight railroads help reduce greenhouse gas emissions 2011, November, Association of American Railroads, (http://www.aar.org/~/media/aar/Background-Papers/Freight-RR-Help-Reduce -Emissions.ashx).
6. Anonymous How shippers view rail mergers. Railway Age 1978, October 30, 44-45.
7. Anonymous Railroad re-regulation bill defeated. Rail News Update 1988, September 28, (1 and 4).
8. Anonymous Rail rates lower since Staggers Act. Inbound Logistics 1990, June, 4.
9. Anonymous Conrail deal is ok'd, with conditions. American Shipper 1998, July, 71-72.
10. Anonymous UP service getting closer to normal. American Shipper 1998, November, 89.
11. Anonymous CSX, NS await 'split date'. American Shipper 1999, June, 26-27.
12. Anonymous CSXT, NS say congestion has eased. American Shipper 1999, August, 68.
13. Anonymous STB's new merger rules no surprise. Progressive Railroading 2001, June.
14. Babcock M.W., German H.W. Toward a rail TOFC/COFC demand model. Journal of the Transportation Research Forum 1989, 30(1):202-209.
15. Barnekov C.C. The track record. Regulation 1987, 1:19-27.
16. Barnekov C.C., Kleit A. The efficiency effects of railroad deregulation in the United States. International Journal of Transport Economics 1990, 17:21-36.
17. Barnes D. Senate considers re-regulation of rail industry. Transport Topics 1999, March 15, 33.
18. Barrett C. Practical handbook of transportation contracting and rate negotiations 1987, The Traffic Service Corporation, New York.
19. Beargie T. STB halts rail mergers. American Shipper 2000, April, 14-16.
20. Berndt E.R., Friedlaender A.F., Chiang J.S.W., Vellturo C.A. Cost effects of mergers and deregulation in the U.S. rail industry. Journal of Productivity Analysis 1993, 4(1/2):127-144.
21. Bitzan J.D., Keeler T.E. Intermodal traffic, regulatory change and carbon energy conservation in US freight transport. Applied Economics 2011, 43(27):3945-3963.
22. Bitzan J.D., Wilson W.W. Industry costs and consolidation: Efficiency gains and mergers in the U.S. railroad industry. Review of Industrial Organization 2007, 30(2):81-105.
23. Black W.R., Runke J.F. The states and rural rail preservation-Alternative strategies 1975, October, 1-4. The Council of State Governments, Lexington, KY.
24. Boyce C. Back to the fight. Traffic World 2002, March 11, 5.
25. Bradley P. Tough times in the short haul. Logistics Management 1997, August, 46-48.
26. Bradley P., Gooley T., Cooke J.A. NS and CSX in hot seat over Conrail. Logistics Management 1999, August, 19-20.
27. Breen D.A. The Union Pacific/Southern Pacific Rail merger: A retrospective on merger benefits. Review of Network Economics 2004, 3(3):283-322.
28. Burke J. STB unanimously approves UP-SP merger with expanded trackage rights conditions. Traffic World 1996, July, 11-12.
29. Burns J.B. Railroad mergers and the language of unification 1998, Quorum Books, Westport, CT.
30. Caves D.W., Christensen L.R., Swanson J.A. The Staggers Act, 30years later. Regulation 2011, Winter, 28-31.
31. Clements J. Surface transportation. Forbes 1988, January 11, 180-181.
32. de Almeida P., Silva P.D. The peak of oil production-Timings and market recognition. Energy Policy 2009, 37:1267-1276.
33. Dempsey P.S., Thoms W.E., Clapp S. Canadian transport liberalization: Planes, trains, trucks and buses rolling across the Great While North. Transportation Law Journal 1990, 19(1):113-192.
34. Dennis S.M. Changes in railroad rates since the Staggers Act. Transportation Research: Part E 2000, 37(1):55-69.
35. Dillon T.F. Ten years after Staggers: Happy anniversary?. Inbound Logistics 1990, March, 26-28.
36. DOT Effects of railroad abandonment on the modal distribution of traffic and on related costs 1977, September, 1-2. U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Transportation Systems Analysis and Information.
37. DOT Impact of high oil prices on freight transportation: Modal shift potential in five corridors 2008, October, Maritime Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation/Transportation Economics & Management Systems, Inc.
38. Duncan R.C. The Olduvai Theory: Sliding towards a post-industrial Stone Age 1996, June 27, Institute on Energy and Man, (http://dieoff.org/page125.htm).
39. EIA Emissions of greenhouse gases in the United States 2008, U.S. Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC.
40. Ellig J. Railroad deregulation and consumer welfare. Journal of Regulatory Economics 2002, 21(2):143-167.
41. Ettorre J.J. New Intermodalism: Joint ventures or megacarriers?. Transportation & Distribution 1987, April, 22.
42. Fair M.L., Guandolo J. transportation regulation 1983, 30-35. W.C. Brown, Dubuque, IA. 9th ed.
43. Fair M.L., Williams E.W. Economics of transportation and logistics 1975, 514-516. Business Publications, Dallas, TX.
44. Fitzsimmons E.L. Can railroads compete with each other?. Transportation Quarterly 1987, 41(3):365-380.
45. FRA Comparative evaluation of rail and truck fuel efficiency on competitive corridors 2009, November 19, Federal Railroad Administration, Washington, DC.
46. Gibbons J.H., Blair P.D., Gwin H.L. Strategies for energy use. Scientific American 1989, 3:86-93.
47. Grimm C.M., Smith K.G. The impact of rail regulatory reform on rates, service quality, and management performance: A shipper perspective. Logistics and Transportation Review 1986, 22(1):57-68.
48. Harper D.V. Transportation in America: Users, carriers, government 1982, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 2nd ed.
49. Harper D.V., Goodner K.S. Just-in-time and inbound transportation. Transportation Journal 1990, 30(2):22-31.
50. Higginson J.K., Bookbinder J.H. Implications of just-in-time production on rail freight systems. Transportation Journal 1990, 29(3):29-35.
51. Høj J., Kato T., Pilat D. Deregulation and privatisation in the service sector. OECD Economic Studies 1995, 25:37-74.
52. ICC Evaluation of the U.S. Railway Association's final system plan 1975, August 25, 1-4. Interstate Commerce Commission, Washington, DC.
53. ICC Report on the effectiveness of the Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970 1976, March 15, 5-10. Interstate Commerce Commission, Washington, DC.
54. Kaufman L.H. Renaissance-or retreat?. Railway age 2009, February, (20-22, 24, 28, 30).
55. Krier B., Klindworth K., Menjivar S., Neill S. Quality of service provided to rail shippers 2011, February 15, Federal Railroad Administration.
56. LaMonica P.R. From sea to shining sea. Financial World 1995, December 5, 44-46.
57. Lang D. UPS again pulls freight from rails. Transport Topics 1999, September 6, (1 and 67).
58. Larson P.D. Air cargo deregulation and JIT: Two 20th anniversaries in American logistics. Transportation Quarterly 1998, 52(2):49-60.
59. Larson P.D., Spraggins H.B. Union Pacific/Southern Pacific merger: Impact on shippers. Journal of Transportation Management 1998, 10(1):45-52.
60. Lieb R.C., Miller R.A. JIT and corporate transportation requirements. Transportation Journal 1988, 27(3):5-10.
61. Locklin D.P. Economics of transportation 1976, Irwin, Homewood, IL. 7th ed.
62. Machalaba D. The future of rail. The Wall Street Journal 2011, May 23.
63. Madar D. Rail mergers, trade, and federal regulation in the United States and Canada. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 2002, 32(1):143-159.
64. Morris G. BN, Santa Fe merger approved. Chemical Week 1995, August 2, 45.
65. Morrison S.A., Yarrow G., Lawton-Smith H., Yamauchi H., Murakami H. International comparison of privatization and deregulation among the USA, the UK and Japan. Airline & Trucking 1995, Volume III. (http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN02099 8.pdf).
66. Muller G. Intermodal freight transportation 1995, Eno Transportation Foundation, Lansdowne, VA. 3rd ed.
67. O'Reilly B. The wreck of the Union Pacific. Fortune 1998, March 30, 94-102.
68. Oracle The shape of tomorrow's supply chains: The science of sustainability http://www.oracle.com/us/products/applications/green/051300.pdf.
69. Popke M. So far, not so good: NS, CSXT struggle to integrate Conrail. Progressive Railroading 1999, July, 8-9.
70. SDTC Chapter 4: Railway freight transportation. Industrial Freight Transportation 2009, November, 23-52. Sustainable Development Technology Canada, Ottawa.
71. Spraggins, H.B. (1976, June). An evaluation of Interstate Commerce Commission rail line abandonment policy and procedure in Minnesota, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
72. Spraggins H.B. Marketing rail service in a deregulated environment. Transportation Quarterly 1989, 43(2):277-293.
73. Steenhof P., Woudsma C., Sparling E. Greenhouse gas emissions and the surface transport of freight in Canada. Transportation Research: Part D 2006, 11(5):369-376.
74. Stone R.D., Landry M. The railroad capacity crisis: After cutting to the bone and more, trains are back. Essays in Economic & Business History 2008, 26:63-72.
75. Trunick P.A. Reassessing rail reregulation. Inbound Logistics 2010, October.
76. WEF New models for addressing supply chain and transport risk 2012, World Economic Forum, Geneva.
77. Welty G. Easing the way for BN-Santa Fe. Railway Age 1995, May, 63.
78. Welty G. Managing the mega-mergers. Railway Age 1997, November, 33-35.
79. Willig R.D., Baumol W.J. Using competition as a guide. Regulation 1987, 1:28-35.
80. Wilner F.N. Railroad mergers: History, analysis, insight 1997, Simmons-Boardman Books, Omaha.
81. Winston C. U.S. industry adjustment to economic deregulation. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 1998, 12(3):89-110.
82. Winston C. Lessons from the U.S. transport deregulation experience for privatization 2009, December, OECD/International Transport Forum.
83. Worsham J. End of the line for the ICC. Nation's Business 1996, March, 32.