Virtual reality applications to address the wounds of war

Psychiatric Annals

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 123-138

  Rizzo, Albert Skip ^a   Galen Buckwalter, J ^b   Forbell, Eric ^b   Reist, Chris ^c   Difede, JoAnn ^d   Rothbaum, Barbara O ^e   Lange, Belinda ^b   Koenig, Sebastian ^b   Talbot, Thomas ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b University of Southern California   (United States)

^c Long Beach VA Healthcare System   (United States)

^d WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^e EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875323350     PISSN: 00485713     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20130306-08     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. TechNewsDaily. U.S. Army Orders Virtual Reality Training for Soldiers. Available at: www.technewsdaily.com/2687-army-vir-tual-reality-training-games.html. Accessed Feb. 25, 2013.
2. Rizzo AA, Schultheis MT, Kerns K, Mateer C. Analysis of assets for virtual reality applications in neuropsychology. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2004;14(1-2):207-239.
3. Glantz K, Rizzo AA, Graap K. Virtual reality for psychotherapy: current reality and future possibilities. Psychother Theory Res Pract Train. 2003;40(1-2):55-67.
4. Holden MK. Virtual environments for motor rehabilitation: review. Cyberpsychol Behav.2005;8(3):187-211.
5. Parsons T, Rizzo AA. Affective Outcomes of virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and specific phobias: a meta-analysis. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2008;39(3):250-261.
6. Parsons TD, Rizzo AA, Rogers S, York P. Virtual reality in paediatric rehabilitation: a review. Dev Neurorehabil. 2009;12(4):224-238.
7. Powers M, Emmelkamp PMG. Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(3):561-569.
8. Rizzo AA, Kim G. A SWOT analysis of the field of virtual rehabilitation and therapy. Presence-Teleop Virt Environ. 2005;14(2):119-146.
9. Rizzo A, Difede J, Rothbaum BO, Reger G. Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan: development and early evaluation of a virtual reality exposure therapy system for combat-related PTSD. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1208:114-125.
10. Rizzo A, Parsons TD, Lange B, Kenny P, Buckwalter JG, et al.Virtual reality goes to war: a brief review of the future of military behavioral healthcare. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2011;18(2):176-187.
11. Rizzo A, Lange B, Buckwalter JG, et al. An intelligent virtual human system for providing healthcare information and support. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2011;163:503-509.
12. Riva G. Virtual reality in psychotherapy: review. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2005;8(3):220-230.
13. Rose FD, Brooks BM, Rizzo AA. Virtual reality in brain damage rehabilitation: review. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2005;8(3):241-262.
14. Opris D, Pintea S, Garcia-Palacios A, Botel-la C, Szamosko S, David D. Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: a quantitative meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2012;29(2):85-93.
15. Difede J, Hoffman HG. Virtual reality exposure therapy for World Trade Center post-traumatic stress disorder: a case report. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2002;5(6):529-535.
16. Difede J, Cukor J, Jayasinghe N, et al. Virtual Reality exposure therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following September 11, 2001. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(11):1639-1647.
17. Rothbaum BO, Hodges L, Ready D, Graap K, Alarcon R. Virtual reality exposure therapy for Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62(8):617-622.
18. Schneider SM, Kisby CK, Flint EP.Effect of virtual reality on time perception in patients receiving chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2011;19(4):555-564.
19. Hoffman H, Patterson D, Carrougher G. Use of virtual reality for adjunctive treatment of adult burn pain during physical therapy: a controlled study. Clin J Pain. 2000;16(3):244-250.
20. Gold JI, Kim SH, Kant AJ, Joseph MH, Rizzo AA. Effectiveness of virtual reality for pe-diatric pain distraction during IV placement. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006;9(2):207-212.
21. Stanton D, Foreman N, Wilson P. Uses of virtual reality in clinical training: developing the spatial skills of children with mobility impairments. Stud Health Technol Inform. 1998;58:219-232.
22. Merians AS, Fluet GG, Qiu Q, Saleh S, Lafond I, Adamovich SV. Integrated arm and hand training using adaptive robotics and virtual reality simulations. Proc 2010 Int Conference Disabil Virt Real Associated Technol. 2012;213-222.
23. Rizzo AA, Bowerly T, Buckwater JG, Klimchuk D, Mitura R, Parsons RD. A virtual reality scenario for all seasons: the virtual classroom. CNS Spectr. 2006;11(1):35-44.
24. Lok B, Ferdig RE, Raij A, et al. Applying virtual reality in medical communication education: current findings and potential teaching and learning benefits of immersive virtual patients. J Virt Real. 2007;10(3):185-195.
25. Rizzo AA, Parsons T, Buckwalter JG, Kenny P. The birth of intelligent virtual patients in clinical training. Am Behav Sci. 2013, in press.
26. Aukstakalnis S, Blatner D. Silicon Mirage: The Art and Science of Virtual Reality. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press; 1992.
27. Rizzo AA, Buckwalter JG, Neumann U. Virtual reality and cognitive rehabilitation: a brief review of the future. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1997;12(6):1-15.
28. Lange B, Koenig S, Chang C-Y, et al. Designing informed game-based rehabilitation tasks leveraging advances in virtual reality. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(22):1863-1870.
29. Bryant RA. Psychosocial approaches of acute stress reactions. CNS Spectr. 2005;10(2):116-122.
30. IOM (Institute of Medicine). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: an assessment of the evidence. (2007). Available at: www.nap.edu/catalog/11955.html. Accessed Feb. 25, 2013.
31. IOM (Institute of Medicine). Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations: Initial Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2012.
32. Rothbaum BO, Hodges LF, Smith S, Lee JH, Price L. A controlled study of virtual reality exposure therapy for the fear of flying. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68(6):1020-1026.
33. Rothbaum BO, Schwartz A. Exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychother. 2002;56(1):59-75.
34. Reger GM, Gahm GA, Rizzo AA, Swanson RA, Duma S. Soldier evaluation of the virtual reality Iraq. Telemed J E Health. 2009;15(1):101-140.
35. Rothbaum B, Difede J, Rizzo, A. Therapist Treatment Manual for Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Iraq Combat Veterans. Atlanta: Virtually Better Inc.; 2008.
36. Blanchard EB, Jones-Alexander J, Buckley TC, Forneris CA. Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL). Behav Res Ther. 1996;34(8):669-673.
37. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893-897.
38. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. The PHQ-9: A new depression and diagnostic severity measure. PsychiatrAnn. 2002;32(9):509-521.
39. Gerardi M, Rothbaum BO, Ressler K, Heekin M, Rizzo AA. Virtual reality exposure therapy using a virtual Iraq: case report. J Trauma Stress. 2008;21(2):209-213.
40. Reger GM, Gahm GA. Virtual reality exposure therapy for active duty soldiers. J Clin Psychol. 2008;64(8):940-946.
41. Reger GM, Holloway KM, Candy C, et al. Effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy for active duty soldiers in a military mental health clinic. J Trauma Stress. 2011;24(1):93-96.
42. McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011;14(4):223-229.
43. McLay RN. New Technology to Treat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Paper presented at the American Psychiatric Association Convention; May 8, 2012; Philadelphia, PA.
44. National Center for Telehealth and Technology. Exposure Therapy for Actice Duty Soldiers with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (VRPE). (2010). Available at: www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT01193725?term=Reger&rank=2. Accessed Feb. 1, 2013.
45. Beidel DC, Frueh BC, Uhde TW. Trauma Management Therapy for OIF/OEF Veterans. Department of Defense United States Army Military Operational Medical Research Program. (2010). Available at: www.psych.ucf.edu/faculty_beidel.php. Accessed Feb. 1, 2013.
46. Difede J, Rothbaum BO, Rizzo A. Enhancing Exposure Therapy for PTSD: Virtual Reality and Imaginal Exposure with a Cognitive Enhancer. Randomized Controlled Trial. (2010-2013). Available at: www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01352637. Accessed Feb. 1, 2013.
47. Walker DL, Ressler KJ, Lu KT, Davis M. Facilitation of conditioned fear extinction by systemic administration or intra-amygdala infusions of D-cycloserine as assessed with fear-potentiated startle in rats. J Neurosci. 2002;22(6):2343-2351.
48. Ressler KJ, Rothbaum BO, Tannenbaum L, et al. Facilitation of psychotherapy with d-cycloserine, a putative cognitive enhancer. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(11):1136-1144.
49. Foa EB, Davidson RT, Frances A. The Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(Suppl 16):3-76.
50. DOD Mental Health Task Force Report. (2007). Available at: www.health.mil/dhb/mhtf/MHTF-Report-Final.pdf. Accessed Feb. 25, 2007.
51. Dole-Shalala Commission. Serve, Support, Simplify: Report of the President's Commission on Care for America's Returning Wounded Warriors. (2007). Available at: www.nyshealthfoundation.org/content/docu-ment/detail/1782/. Accessed Feb. 25, 2011.
52. Tanielian T, Jaycox LH, Schell TL, et al. Invisible wounds of war: Summary and recommendations for addressing psychological and cognitive injuries. Rand Report. (2008). Available at: www.veterans.rand.org. Accessed Feb. 25, 2013.
53. American Psychological Association. Presidential Task Force on Military Deployment Services for Youth, Families and Service Members. The Psychological Needs of U.S. Military Service Members and Their Families: A Preliminary Report. (2007). Available at: www.apa.org/releases. Accessed Feb. 25, 2013
54. McEwen BS, Stellar E. Stress and the individual: Mechanism leading to disease. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153(18):2093-2101.
55. Casey GW Jr. Comprehensive soldier ftness: a vision for psychological resilience in the U.S. Army. Am Psychol. 2011;66(1):1-3.
56. Luthar SS, Cicchetti D, Becker B. The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Dev. 2000;71(3):543-562.
57. Hovar C. The Military Operational Medicine Research Program for the US Army. Available at: www.donhcs.com/hsr/21_march/doc/presentations/Carl%20Hover%20MRMC%20MOMRP%208%20slides.pdf. Accessed Feb. 25, 2013.
58. Cornum R, Matthews MD, Seligman MEP. Comprehensive soldier fitness: building resilience in a challenging institutional context. Am Psychol. 2011;66(1):4-9.
59. Ortony A, Clore G, Collins A. The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. New York, NY: Cambridge Press; 1988.
60. Lester PB, Harms PD, Herian MN, Kra-sikova DV, Beal SJ. The Comprehensive Soldier Fitness Program Evaluation. Report #3: Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Master Resilience Training on Self-Reported Resilience and Psychological Health Data. Available at: www.dma.wi.gov/dma/news/2012news/csf-tech-report.pdf. Accessed Feb. 25, 2013.
61. Public Broadcasting System (PBS). Health Experts Question Army Report on Psychological Training. (2012). Available at: www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/military/jan-june12/csf_training_01-02.html. Accessed Feb. 25, 2013.
62. Godden DR, Baddeley AD. When does context influence recognition memory? Br J Psychol. 1980;71(1):99-104.
63. Feldner MT, Monson CM, Friedman MJ. A critical analysis of approaches to targeted PTSD prevention: current status and theoretically derived future directions. Behav Modif. 2007;31(1):80-116.
64. Lubow RE, Moore AU. Latent inhibition: The effect of non-reinforced exposure to the conditioned stimulus. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1959;52:415-419.
65. Sones HM, Thorp SR, Raskind M. Prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2011;34(1):79-94.
66. Sterling P, Eyer J. Allostasis: A new paradigm to explain arousal pathology. In: Fisher S, Reason J, eds. Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health. New York, NY: Wiley; 1988:629-639.
67. McEwen BS. Sex, stress and the hippocampus: Allostasis, allostatic load and the aging process. Neurobiol Aging. 2002;23(5):921-939.
68. McEwen BS. Allostasis and allostatic load: Implications for neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000;22(2):108-124.
69. Barrows HS, Abrahamson S. The programmed patient: A technique for appraising student performance in clinical neurology. J Med Edu. 1964;39:802-805.
70. Collins JP, Harden RM. The Use of Real Patients, Simulated Patients and Simulators in Clinical Examinations. Association for Medical Education in Europe. Available at: www.medev.ac.uk/resources/features/AMEE_summaries/Guide13summaryMay04.pdf. Accessed Feb. 25, 2013.
71. Adamo G. Simulated and standardised patients in OSCEs: achievements and challenges 1992-2003. Med Teach. 2003;25(3):262-270.
72. Jack B, Chetty V, Anthony D, et al. A Reen-gineered hospital discharge program to decrease rehospitalization: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(3):178-187.
73. Howley L, Szauter K, Perkowski L, Clifton M, McNaughton N. Quality of standardised patient research reports in the medical education literature: review and recommendations. Med Educ. 2008;42(4):350-358.
74. Berkhof M, Van Rijssen HJ, Schellart A, Anema J, Van der Beek A. Effective training strategies for teaching communication skills to physicians: an overview of systematic reviews. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;84(2):152-162.
75. Bogolub EB. Tape recorders in clinical sessions: deliberate and fortuitous effects. Clin Social Work J. 1986;14(4):349-360.
76. Hoge CW, Castro CA, Messer SC, McGurk D, Cotting DI, Koffman RL. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(1):13-22.