Testing the diathesis-stress model: 5-HTTLPR, childhood emotional maltreatment, and vulnerability to social anxiety disorder

American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics

Volumn 162, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 253-261

  Reinelt, Eva ^a   Stopsack, Malte ^a   Aldinger, Maren ^a   John, Ulrich ^b   Grabe, Hans Jörgen ^b   Barnow, Sven ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICINE GREIFSWALD   (Germany)

Author keywords

Childhood experience; Diathesis stress; Gene environment interaction; Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism; Social anxiety disorder

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD ABUSE; CHILDHOOD EMOTIONAL MALTREATMENT; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIATHESIS STRESS MODEL; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DSM-IV; EMOTIONAL ABUSE; FEMALE; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL PHOBIA;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; CHILD WELFARE; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; SEROTONIN PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84875315578     PISSN: 15524841     EISSN: 1552485X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32142     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Ali FR, Vasiliou SA, Haddley K, Paredes UM, Roberts JC, Miyajima F, Klenova E, Bubb VJ, Quinn JP. 2010. Combinatorial interaction between two human serotonin transporter gene variable number tandem repeats and their regulation by CTCF. J Neurochem 112(1):296-306.
2. APA. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Arbelle S, Benjamin J, Golin M, Kremer I, Belmaker RH, Ebstein RP. 2003. Relation of shyness in grade school children to the genotype for the long form of the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism. Am J Psychiatry 160(4):671-676.
4. Arens EA, Stopsack M, Spitzer C, Appel K, Dudeck M, Völzke H, Grabe HJ, Barnow S. 2013. Borderline personality disorder in four different age groups: A cross-sectional study of community residents in Germany. J Personal Disord 2013:1-12.
5. Baker AJL, Festinger T. 2011. Emotional abuse and emotional neglect subscales of the CTQ: Associations with each other, other measures of psychological maltreatment, and demographic variables. Child Youth Serv Rev 33(11):2297-2302.
6. Benjamin LS. 2003. Interpersonal diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders. New York: Guilford Press.
7. Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, Stokes J, Handelsman L, Medrano M, Desmond D, et al. 2003. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl 27(2):169-190.
8. Blom RM, Samuels JF, Riddle MA, Joseph Bienvenu O, Grados MA, Reti IM, Eaton WW, Liang K-Y, Nestadt G. 2011. Association between a serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) and personality disorder traits in a community sample. J Psychiatr Res 45(9):1153-1159.
9. Briere J, Runtz M. 1990. Differential adult symptomatology associated with three types of child abuse histories. Child Abuse Negl 14(3):357-364.
10. Brozovich F, Heimberg RG. 2011. The relationship of post-event processing to self-evaluation of performance in social anxiety. Behav Ther 42(2):224-235.
11. Canli T, Lesch K-P. 2007. Long story short: The serotonin transporter in emotion regulation and social cognition. Nat Neurosci 10(9):1103-1109.
12. Chartier MJ, Walker JR, Stein MB. 2001. Social phobia and potential childhood risk factors in a community sample. Psychol Med 31(2):307-315.
13. Clark JV, Arkowitz HAL. 1975. Social anxiety and self-evaluation of interpersonal performance. Psychol Rep 36(1):211-221.
14. Crome E, Baillie A, Slade T, Ruscio AM. 2010. Social phobia: Further evidence of dimensional structure. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 44(11):1012-1020.
15. Domschke K, Stevens S, Beck B, Baffa A, Hohoff C, Deckert J, Gerlach AL. 2009. Blushing propensity in social anxiety disorder: Influence of serotonin transporter gene variation. J Neural Transm 116(6):663-666.
16. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Miller AL, Kennedy MA. 2011. Life stress, 5-HTTLPR and mental disorder: Findings from a 30-year longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry 198(2):129-135.
17. Furmark T, Tillfors M, Garpenstrand H, Marteinsdottir I, Långström B, Oreland L, Fredrikson M. 2004. Serotonin transporter polymorphism related to amygdala excitability and symptom severity in patients with social phobia. Neurosci Lett 362(3):189-192.
18. Fydrich T, Renneberg B, Schmitz B, Wittchen HU. 1997. Strukturiertes klinisches Interview für DSM-IV Achse II: Persönlichkeitsstörungen, Interviewheft. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
19. Gingrich JA. 2002. Mutational analysis of the serotonergic system: Recent findings using knockout mice. Curr Drug Targets 1(5):449-465.
20. Grabe HJ, Spitzer C, Schwahn C, Marcinek A, Frahnow A, Barnow S, Lucht M, Freyberger HJ, John U, Wallaschofski H, et al. 2009. Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) promoter polymorphisms and the susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population. Am J Psychiatry 166(8):926-933.
21. Grabe HJ, Schwahn C, Mahler J, Schulz A, Spitzer C, Fenske K, Appel K, Barnow S, Nauck M, Schomerus G, et al. 2012. Moderation of adult depression by the serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR), childhood abuse and adult traumatic events in a general population sample. Am J Med Genet Part B 159B:298-309.
22. Grant BF, Hasin DS, Blanco C, Stinson FS, Chou SP, Goldstein RB, Dawson DA, Smith S, Saha TD, Huang B. 2005. The epidemiology of social anxiety disorder in the United States: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 66(11):1351-1361.
23. Ha RY, Namkoong K, Kang JI, Kim YT, Kim SJ. 2009. Interaction between serotonin transporter promoter and dopamine receptor D4 polymorphisms on decision making. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33(7):1217-1222.
24. Heils A, Teufel A, Petri S, Stöber G, Riederer P, Bengel D, Lesch KP. 1996. Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression. J Neurochem 66(6):2621-2624.
25. Hu X-Z, Lipsky RH, Zhu G, Akhtar LA, Taubman J, Greenberg BD, Xu K, Arnold PD, Richter MA, Kennedy JL, et al. 2006. Serotonin transporter promoter gain-of-function genotypes are linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Hum Genet 78(5):815-826.
26. Jacob CP, Strobel A, Hohenberger K, Ringel T, Gutknecht L, Reif A, Brocke B, Lesch KP. 2004. Association between allelic variation of serotonin transporter function and neuroticism in anxious cluster C personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry 161(3):569-572.
27. John U, Hensel E, Lüdemann J, Piek M, Sauer S, Adam C, Born G, Alte D, Greiser E, Haertel U, et al. 2001. Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP): A health examination survey in an east German region: Objectives and design. Soz Präventiv Med (Soc Prevent Med) 46(3):186-194.
28. Knappe S, Beesdo K, Fehm L, Lieb R, Wittchen H-U. 2009. Associations of familial risk factors with social fears and social phobia: Evidence for the continuum hypothesis in social anxiety disorder? J Neural Transm 116(6):639-648.
29. Kuo JR, Goldin PR, Werner K, Heimberg RG, Gross JJ. 2011. Childhood trauma and current psychological functioning in adults with social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord 25(4):467-473.
30. La Greca AM, Harrison HM. 2005. Adolescent peer relations, friendships, and romantic relationships: Do they predict social anxiety and depression? J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 34(1):49-61.
31. Lau JYF, Goldman D, Buzas B, Fromm SJ, Guyer AE, Hodgkinson C, Monk CS, Nelson EE, Shen P-H, Pine DS, et al. 2009. Amygdala function and 5-HTT gene variants in adolescent anxiety and major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 65(4):349-355.
32. Lesch K-P, Zeng Y, Reif A, Gutknecht L. 2003. Anxiety-related traits in mice with modified genes of the serotonergic pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 480(1-3):185-204.
33. Maffei C, Fossati A, Agostoni I, Barraco A, Bagnato M, Deborah D, Namia C, Novella L, Petrachi M. 1997. Interrater reliability and internal consistency of the structured clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders (SCID-II), Version 2.0. J Personal Disord 11(3):279-284.
34. Nakamura M, Ueno S, Sano A, Tanabe H. 2000. The human serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) shows ten novel allelic variants. Mol Psychiatry 5:32-38.
35. Rapee RM, Heimberg RG. 1997. A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behav Res Ther 35(8):741-756.
36. Schmidt L, Polak C, Spooner A. 2005. Biological and environmental contributions to childhood shyness: A diathesis-stress model. In: Crozier W, Alden L, editors. The essential handbook of social anxiety for clinicians. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons. pp 33-55.
37. Simon NM, Herlands NN, Marks EH, Mancini C, Letamendi A, Li Z, Pollack MH, Van Ameringen M, Stein MB. 2009. Childhood maltreatment linked to greater symptom severity and poorer quality of life and function in social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety 26(11):1027-1032.
38. Stein MB, Chartier MJ, Hazen AL, Kozak MV, Tancer ME, Lander S, Furer P, Chubaty D, Walker JR. 1998. A direct-interview family study of generalized social phobia. Am J Psychiatry 155(1):90-97.
39. Völzke H, Alte D, Schmidt CO, Radke D, Lorbeer R, Friedrich N, Aumann N, Lau K, Piontek M, Born G, et al. 2011. Cohort profile: The study of health in pomerania. Int J Epidemiol 40(2):294-307.
40. Widiger TA. 1992. Generalized social phobia versus avoidant personality disorder: A commentary on three studies. J Abnorm Psychol 101(2):340-343.
41. Wittchen HU, Lachner G, Wunderlich U, Pfister H. 1998. Test-retest reliability of the computerized DSM-IV version of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 33(11):568-578.
42. Zalsman G, Huang Y-Y, Oquendo MA, Burke AK, Hu X-Z, Brent DA, Ellis SP, Goldman D, Mann JJ. 2006. Association of a triallelic serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism with stressful life events and severity of depression. Am J Psychiatry 163(9):1588-1593.
43. Zuckerman M. 1999. Vulnerability to psychopathology: A biosocial model. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.