Effect of bismate frits under fast firing on reactions between Ag electrodes and Si wafer for Si solar cells

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Volumn 96, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 774-780

  Kim, Dongsun ^a   Kim, Hyungsun ^a  

^a Inha University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTACT FORMATION; ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS; ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS LAYERS; GLASS SYSTEMS; INTERFACIAL STRUCTURES; MOLTEN GLASS; SI SOLAR CELLS;

ELECTRODES; ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS; PHOTOELECTRONS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SILICON; SILICON NITRIDE; SILVER; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

SILICON WAFERS;

EID: 84875262667     PISSN: 00027820     EISSN: 15512916     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jace.12135     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. M. Prudenziati, L. Moro, B. Morten, F. Sirotti, and, L. Sardi, " Ag-Based Thick-Film Front Metallization of Silicon Solar Cells," Act. Passive Electron. Compon., 13 [ 3 ] 133-150 (1989).
2. G. C. Cheek, R. P. Mertens, R. Van Overstraeten, and, L. Frisson, " Thick-Film Metallization for Solar Cell Applications," IEEE T. Electron. Dev., 31 [ 5 ] 602-609 (1984).
3. K. Firor, S. J. Hogan, J. M. Barrett, and, R. T. Coyle, " Series Resistance Associated With Thick-Film Contacts to Solar Cells "; pp. 824-827 in Proceedings of the 16th IEEE PVSC, Solar Energy Research Institute, San Diego, USA, 1982.
4. C. Ballif, D. M. Huljić, G. Willeke, and, A. Hessler-Wyser, " Silver Thick-Film Contacts on Highly Doped n-Type Silicon Emitters: Structural and Electronic Properties of the Interface," Appl. Phys. Lett., 82 [ 12 ] 1878-1880 (2003).
5. O. Growski, L. Murawski, and, K. Trzebiatowski, " The Surface Conductivity of Lead Glasses," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 15 [ 6 ] 1097-1101 (1982).
6. T. Nakajima, A. Kawakami, and, A. Tada, " Ohmic Contact of Conductive Ag Paste to Silicon Solar Cell," Int. J. Hybrid Microelectron., 6 [ 1 ] 580-586 (1983).
7. S. J. Jeon, S. M. Koo, and, S. A. Hwang, " Optimization of Lead and Cadmium-Free Front Contact Silver Paste Formulation to Achieve High Fill Factors for Industrial Screen-Printed Si Solar Cells," Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C., 93 [ 6-7 ] 1103-1109 (2009).
8. D. S. Kim, S. J. Hwang, and, H. S. Kim, " Effect of the Thermal Properties of Frits on the Electrical Properties of Screen-Printed Silicon Solar Cells," J. Korean Phys. Soc., 55 [ 3 ] 1046-1050 (2009).
9. C. Ballif, D. M. Huljić, A. Hessler-Wyser, and, G. Willeke, " Nature of the Ag-Si Interface in Screen-Printed Contacts: A Detailed Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Cross-Sectional Structures "; pp. 360-363 in Proceedings of the 29th IEEE PVSC, EEE Electron Device Society, New Orleans, France, 2002.
10. G. Schubert, F. Huster, and, P. Fath, " Physical Understanding of Printed Thick-Film Front Contacts of Crystalline Si Solar Cells-Review of Existing Models and Recent Developments," Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C, 90, 3399-3406 (2006).
11. 3-ZnO Glass System," Mater. Sci. Forum, 510-511, 578-581 (2006).
12. 2 Glass System for Eco Transparent Dielectric in PDP," Mater. Sci. Forum, 486-487, 321-325 (2005).
13. O. Sanz, E. Haro-Poniatowski, J. Gonzalo, and, J. M. Fernandez, " Influence of the Melting Conditions of Heavy Metal Oxide Glasses Containing Bismuth Oxide on Their Optical Absorption," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 352 [ 8 ] 761-768 (2006).
14. 3 System Low-Melting Sealing Glass," J. Cent. South Unniv. Technol., 17, 257-262 (2010).
15. 3-CuO Glasses," Phys. B, 403, 3682-3685 (2008).
16. J. Y. Huh, K. K. Hong, S. B. Cho, S. K. Park, and, B. C. Lee, " Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure on Ag Crystallite Formation at Screen-Printed Pb-Free Ag Contacts of Si Solar Cells," Mater. Chem. Phys., 131, 113-119 (2011).
17. J. F. Moulder, W. F. Stickle, P. E. Sobol, and, K. D. Bomben, Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Physical Electronics. 56, 121, 191, Physical Electronics, Inc., USA, 1992.
18. 2O Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy," Phys. Rev. B, 62 [ 16 ] 11126-11133 (2000).
19. G. Schubert, B. Fischer, and, P. Fath, " Formation and Nature of Ag Thick Film Front Contacts on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells "; pp. 343-346 in Proceedings of Photovoltaics in Europe Conference, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, Rome, Italy, 2002.
20. R. W. Olesinski, A. B. Gokhale, and, G. J. Abbaschian, " The Ag-Si (Silver-Silicon) System," J. Phase Equilibria, 10 [ 6 ] 635-640 (1989).
21. I. Karakaya, and, W. T. Thompson, " The Ag-Bi (Silver-Bismuth) System," J. Phase Equilibria, 14 [ 4 ] 525-530 (1993).