Gram-negative diabetic foot osteomyelitis: Risk factors and clinical presentation

International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 63-68

  Aragón Sánchez, Javier ^a   Lipsky, Benjamin A ^b,c   Lázaro Martínez, Jose L ^d  

^a La Paloma Hospital   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

diabetic foot; diabetic foot infections; foot ulcers; gram negative rods; osteomyelitis

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN;

AGED; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIABETIC FOOT; FEMALE; GRAM NEGATIVE DIABETIC FOOT OSTEOMYELITIS; HUMAN; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LEUKOCYTOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OSTEOMYELITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SOFT TISSUE INFECTION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

AGED; DIABETIC FOOT; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OSTEOMYELITIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SPAIN;

EID: 84875236643     PISSN: 15347346     EISSN: 15526941     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1534734613477423     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB, et al. 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 ; 54: e132 - e173
2. Eneroth M, Larsson J, Apelqvist J. Deep foot infections in patients with diabetes and foot ulcer: an entity with different characteristics, treatments, and prognosis. J Diabetes Complications. 1999 ; 13: 254-263
3. Aragon-Sanchez FJ, Cabrera-Galvan JJ, Quintana-Marrero Y, et al. Outcomes of surgical treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis: a series of 185 patients with histopathological confirmation of bone involvement. Diabetologia. 2008 ; 51: 1962-1970
4. Berendt AR, Peters EJ, Bakker K, et al. Specific guidelines for treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2008 ; 24: S190 - S191
5. Lipsky BA. Osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetic patients. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 ; 25: 1318-1326
6. Lipsky BA, Peters EJ, Senneville E, et al. Expert opinion on the management of infections in the diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012 ; 28: 163-178
7. Senneville E, Lombart A, Beltrand E, et al. Outcome of diabetic foot osteomyelitis treated nonsurgically: a retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2008 ; 31: 637-642
8. Lesens O, Desbiez F, Vidal M, et al. Culture of per-wound bone specimens: a simplified approach for the medical management of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011 ; 17: 285-291
9. Elamurugan TP, Jagdish S, Kate V, Chandra Parija S. Role of bone biopsy specimen culture in the management of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Int J Surg. 2011 ; 9: 214-216
10. Bansal E, Garg A, Bhatia S, Attri AK, Chander J. Spectrum of microbial flora in diabetic foot ulcers. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2008 ; 51: 204-208
11. Shankar EM, Mohan V, Premalatha G, Srinivasan RS, Usha AR. Bacterial etiology of diabetic foot infections in South India. Eur J Intern Med. 2005 ; 16: 567-570
12. Game F. Management of osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010 ; 6: 43-47
13. Aragon-Sanchez J, Lipsky BA, Lazaro-Martinez JL. Diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis: is the combination of probe-to-bone test and plain radiography sufficient for high-risk inpatients?. Diabet Med. 2011 ; 28: 191-194
14. Aragon-Sanchez J, Quintana-Marrero Y, Lazaro-Martinez JL, et al. Necrotizing soft-tissue infections in the feet of patients with diabetes: outcome of surgical treatment and factors associated with limb loss and mortality. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2009 ; 8: 141-146
15. Aragon-Sanchez J. Clinical-pathological characterization of diabetic foot infections: grading the severity of osteomyelitis. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2012 ; 11: 107-112
16. Lipsky BA. Bone of contention: diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 ; 47: 528-530
17. Senneville E, Melliez H, Beltrand E, et al. Culture of percutaneous bone biopsy specimens for diagnosis of diabetic foot osteomyelitis: concordance with ulcer swab cultures. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 ; 42: 57-62
18. Esposito S, Leone S, Noviello S, et al. Foot infections in diabetes (DFIs) in the out-patient setting: an Italian multicentre observational survey. Diabet Med. 2008 ; 25: 979-984
19. Saltoglu N, Dalkiran A, Tetiker T, et al. Piperacillin/tazobactam versus imipenem/cilastatin for severe diabetic foot infections: a prospective, randomized clinical trial in a university hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010 ; 16: 1252-1257
20. Gadepalli R, Dhawan B, Sreenivas V, Kapil A, Ammini AC, Chaudhry R. A clinico-microbiological study of diabetic foot ulcers in an Indian tertiary care hospital. Diabetes Care. 2006 ; 29: 1727-1732
21. Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Deery HG, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 ; 39: 885-910
22. Aragon-Sanchez J, Lazaro-Martinez JL. Impact of perioperative glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin on the outcomes of the surgical treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 ; 94: e83 - e85
23. Markuson M, Hanson D, Anderson J, et al. The relationship between hemoglobin A(1c) values and healing time for lower extremity ulcers in individuals with diabetes. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2009 ; 22: 365-372
24. Younger AS, Awwad MA, Kalla TP, de Vries G. Risk factors for failure of transmetatarsal amputation in diabetic patients: a cohort study. Foot Ankle Int. 2009 ; 30: 1177-1182
25. Lepore G, Maglio ML, Cuni C, et al. Poor glucose control in the year before admission as a powerful predictor of amputation in hospitalized patients with diabetic foot ulceration. Diabetes Care. 2006 ; 29: 1985
26. Wilson RM. Neutrophil function in diabetes. Diabet Med. 1986 ; 3: 509-512
27. Aragon-Sanchez J, Lazaro-Martinez JL, Hernandez-Herrero C, et al. Does osteomyelitis in the feet of patients with diabetes really recur after surgical treatment? Natural history of a surgical series. Diabet Med. 2012 ; 29: 813-818
28. Ertugrul MB, Baktiroglu S, Salman S, et al. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetes: microbiological examination vs. magnetic resonance imaging and labelled leucocyte scanning. Diabet Med. 2006 ; 23: 649-653
29. Newman LG, Waller J, Palestro CJ, et al. Unsuspected osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers. Diagnosis and monitoring by leukocyte scanning with indium in 111 oxyquinoline. JAMA. 1991 ; 266: 1246-1251