Energy to protein ratio of grass-legume binary mixtures under frequent clipping

Agronomy Journal

Volumn 105, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 482-492

  da Silva, Michele Simili ^a   Tremblay, Gaëtan F ^b   Bélanger, Gilles ^b   Lajeunesse, Julie ^b   Papadopoulos, Yousef A ^b   Fillmore, Sherry A E ^b   Jobim, Clóves Cabreira ^a  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF MARINGÁ   (Brazil)

^b AGRICULTURE AND AGRI FOOD CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875155346     PISSN: 00021962     EISSN: 14350645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2134/agronj2012.0281     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Allinson, D.W., G.S. Speer, R.W. Taylor, and K. Guillard. 1985. Nutritional characteristics of Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) compared with other forage legumes. J. Agric. Sci. 104:227-229. doi:10.1017/S0021859600043161
2. American Oil Chemists' Society. 2003. Method AM 5-04: Rapid determination of oil/fat utilizing high temperature solvent extraction. In D. Firestone, editor, Official methods and recommended practices of the AOCS. 5th ed. AOCS, Urbana, IL.
3. ANKOM Technology. 2011a. Method 5: Acid detergent fiber in feeds: Filter bag technique. ANKOM Technology, Macedon, NY. http://www.ankom.com/media/documents/Method_5_ADF_4-13-11_A200,A200I.pdf (accessed 21 Nov. 2012).
4. ANKOM Technology. 2011b. Method 6: Neutral detergent fiber in feeds: Filter bag technique. ANKOM Technology, Macedon, NY. http://www.ankom.com/media/documents/Method_6_NDF_4013011_A200,A200I.pdf (accessed 21 Nov. 2012).
5. ANKOM Technology. 2011c. Method 9: Method for determining acid detergent lignin in the Daisy incubator. ANKOM Technology, Macedon, NY. http://www.ankom.com/media/documents/Method_9_Lignin_in_Daisy_Incubator_4-13-11.pdf (accessed 21 Nov. 2012).
6. ANKOM Technology. 2011d. Method 3: In Vitro True Digestibility using the DAISY II Incubator. ANKOM Technology, Macedon, NY. http://www.ankom.com/media/documents/IVDMD_0805_D200.pdf (accessed 21 Nov. 2012).
7. Bélanger, G., R. Michaud, P.G. Jefferson, G.F. Tremblay, and A. Brégard. 2001. Improving the nutritive value of timothy through management and breeding. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81:577-585. doi:10.4141/P00-143
8. Blakeney, B.A., and L.L. Mutton. 1980. A simple colorimetric method for determination of sugars in fruit and vegetables. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31:889-897. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740310905
9. Brito, A.F., G.F. Tremblay, H. Lapierre, A. Bertrand, Y. Castonguay, G. Bélanger, et al. 2009. Alfalfa cut at sundown and harvested as baleage increases bacterial protein synthesis in late-lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92:1092-1107. doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1469
10. Bryant, R.H., P. Gregorini, and G.R. Edwards. 2012. Effects of N fertilisation, leaf appearance and time of day on N fractionation and chemical composition of Lolium perenne cultivars in spring. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 173:210-219. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.02.003
11. Cassida, K.A., T.F. Griffin, J. Rodriguez, S.C. Patching, O.B. Hesterman, and S.R. Rust. 2000. Protein degradability and forage quality in maturing alfalfa, red clover, and birdsfoot trefoil. Crop Sci. 40:209-215. doi:10.2135/cropsci2000.401209x
12. Cosgrove, G.P., J.L. Burke, A.F. Death, M.J. Hickey, D. Pacheco, and G.A. Lane. 2007. Ryegrass with increased water soluble carbohydrate: Evaluating the potential for grazing dairy cows in New Zealand. Proc. N.Z. Grassl. Assoc. 69:179-185.
13. Dhont, C., Y. Castonguay, P. Nadeau, G. Bélanger, R. Drapeau, and F.P. Chalifour. 2004. Untimely fall harvest affects dry matter yield and root organic reserves in field-grown alfalfa. Crop Sci. 44:144-157. doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.0144
14. Drapeau, R., and G. Bélanger. 2009. Comparison of meadow fescue and meadow bromegrass in monoculture and in association with white clover. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89:1059-1063. doi:10.4141/CJPS08210
15. Drapeau, R., G. Bélanger, G.F. Tremblay, and R. Michaud. 2007. Yield, persistence, and nutritive value of autumn-harvested tall fescue. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87:67-75. doi:10.4141/P06-037
16. Durr, G.H., H.T. Kunelius, R. Drapeau, K.B. McRae, and S.A.E. Fillmore. 2005. Herbage yield and composition of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars under two harvest systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85:631-639. doi:10.4141/P04-121
17. Edwards, G.R., A.J. Parsons, S. Rasmussen, and R.H. Bryant. 2007. High sugar ryegrasses for livestock system in New Zealand. Proc. N.Z. Grassl. Assoc. 69:161-171.
18. Environment Canada. 2012. National climate data and information archive. Environ. Canada, Gatineau, QC. www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/Welcome_f.html (accessed 25 July 2012).
19. Frame, J., J.F.L. Charlton, and A.S. Laidlaw. 1998. Temperate forage legumes. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK.
20. Frame, J., and P. Newbould. 1986. Agronomy of white clover. Adv. Agron. 40:1-88. doi:10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60280-1
21. Fick, G.W., and S.C. Mueller. 1989. Alfalfa quality, maturity, and mean stage of development. Inf. Bull. 217. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
22. Gierus, M., J. Kleen, R. Loges, and F. Taube. 2012. Forage legume species determine the nutritional quality of binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass in the first production year. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 172:150-161. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.026
23. Goering, H.K., and P.J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). Agric. Handbk. 379. U.S. Gov. Print Office, Washington, DC.
24. Isaac, R.A., and W.C. Johnson. 1976. Determination of total nitrogen in plant tissue, using a block digestor. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59:98-100.
25. Julier, B., G. Françoise, J.-C. Emile, and C. Huyghe. 2003. Variation in protein degradability in dried forage legumes. Anim. Res. 52:401-412. doi:10.1051/animres:2003029
26. Kim, B.W., and K.A. Albrecht. 2011. Forage quality management of Kura clover in binary mixtures with Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass, or smooth bromegrass. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 24:344-350.
27. Kleen, J., F. Taube, and M. Gierus. 2011. Agronomic performance and nutritive value of forage legumes in binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass under different defoliation systems. J. Agric. Sci. 149:73-84. doi:10.1017/S0021859610000456
28. Kunelius, H.T., G.H. Dürr, K.B. McRae, S.A.E. Fillmore, G. Bélanger, and Y.A. Papadopoulos. 2003. Yield, herbage composition, and tillering of timothy cultivars under grazing. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83:57-63. doi:10.4141/P01-161
29. Lachat Instruments. 2011. Methods list for automated ion analyzers (flow injection analyses, ion chromatography). Lachat Instruments, Loveland, CO. www.lachatinstruments.com/applications/Methods.asp (accessed 9 July 2012).
30. Leco Corporation. 2009. Organic application note: Moisture and ash determination in flour. Leco Corp., St. Joseph, MI. www.leco.com/resources/application_notes/pdf/TGA701_MOISTURE_ASH_FLOUR_203-821-359.pdf (accessed 9 July 2012).
31. Leep, R., P. Jeranyama, D.H. Min, T. Dietz, S. Bughrara, and J. Isleib. 2002. Grazing effects on herbage mass and composition in grass-birdsfoot trefoil mixtures. Agron. J. 94:1257-1262. doi:10.2134/agronj2002.1257
32. Licitra, G., T.M. Hernandez, and P.J. Van Soest. 1996. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 57:347-358. doi:10.1016/0377-8401(95)00837-3
33. McKenzie, D.B., Y.A. Papadopoulos, K.B. McRae, and E. Butt. 2005. Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85:351-360. doi:10.4141/P03-065
34. Mehlich, A. 1984. Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 15:1409-1416. doi:10.1080/00103628409367568
35. Miller, L.A., J.M. Moorby, D.R. Davies, M.O. Humphreys, N.D. Scollan, J.C. MacRae, and M.K. Theodorou. 2001. Increased concentration of watersoluble carbohydrate in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.): Milk production from late-lactation dairy cows. Grass Forage Sci. 56:383-394. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00288.x
36. Nie, Z., G.F. Tremblay, G. Belanger, R. Berthiaume, Y. Castonguay, A. Bertrand, et al. 2009. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy prediction of neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates in timothy and alfalfa. J. Dairy Sci. 92:1702-1711. doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1599
37. Nyfeler D., O. Huguenin-Elie, M. Suter, E. Frossard, and A. Lüscher. 2011. Grass-legume mixtures can yield more nitrogen than legume pure stands due to mutual stimulation of nitrogen uptake from symbiotic and nonsymbiotic sources. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 140:155-163. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.11.022
38. Oates, L.G., D.J. Undersander, C. Gratton, M.M. Bell, and R.D. Jackson. 2011. Management-intensive rotational grazing enhances forage production and quality of subhumid cool-season pastures. Crop Sci. 51:892-901. doi:10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0216
39. Papadopoulos, Y.A., M.A. Price, G.M. Hunter, K.B. McRae, L.F. Laflamme, C.D. Caldwell, and N.R. Fulton. 1995. Differences among orchardgrass cultivars in response to hay and rotational grazing management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 75:147-157. doi:10.4141/cjps95-024
40. Parsons, A.J., G.R. Edwards, P.C.D. Newton, D.F. Chapman, J.R. Caradus, S. Rasmussen, and J.S. Rowarth. 2011. Past lessons and future prospects: Plant breeding for yield and persistence in cool-temperate pastures. Grass Forage Sci. 66:153-172. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00785.x
41. Pelletier, S., G.F. Tremblay, G. Bélanger, A. Bertrand, Y. Castonguay, D. Pageau, and R. Drapeau. 2010. Forage nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value as affected by time of cutting and species. Agron. J. 102:1388-1398. doi:10.2134/agronj2010.0158
42. Robertson, J.B., and P.J. Van Soest. 1981. The detergent system of analysis and its applications to human foods. In: W.P.T James and O. Th eander, editors, The analysis of dietary fiber. Marcel Dekker, New York. p. 123-158.
43. Sanderson, M.A., S.C. Goslee, K.J. Soder, R.H. Skinner, B.F. Tracy, and A. Deak. 2007. Plant species diversity, ecosystem function, and pasture management: A perspective. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87:479-487. doi:10.4141/P06-135
44. Sheaffer, C.C., and G.C. Marten. 1991. Kura clover forage yield, forage quality, and stand dynamics. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:1169-1172. doi:10.4141/cjps91-163
45. Simon, U., and B.H. Park. 1983. A descriptive scheme for stages of development in perennial forage grasses. In: J.A. Smith and V.W. Hays, editors, Proceedings of the 14th International Grassland Congress, Lexington, KY. 15-24 June 1981. Westview Press, Boulder, CO. p. 416-418.
46. Sleugh, B., K.J. Moore, J.R. George, and E.C. Brummer. 2000. Binary legume-grass mixtures improve forage yield, quality, and seasonal distribution. Agron. J. 92:24-29. doi:10.2134/agronj2000.92124x
47. Smith, D. 1981. Removing and analyzing total nonstructural carbohydrates from plant tissue. Publ. R-2107. College of Agric. and Life Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison.
48. Sniffen, C.J., J.D. O'Connor, P.J. Van Soest, D.G. Fox, and J.B. Russell. 1992. A net carbohydrates and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3562-3577.
49. Suzuki, M. 1971. Semi-automatic analysis of the total available carbohydrates in alfalfa roots. Can. J. Plant Sci. 51:184-185. doi:10.4141/cjps71-037
50. Tremblay, G.F., R. Michaud, and G. Belanger. 2003. Protein fractions and ruminal undegradable proteins in alfalfa. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83:555-559. doi:10.4141/P02-148
51. Tremblay, G.F., R. Michaud, G. Belanger, K.B. McRae, and H.V. Petit. 2000. In vitro ruminal undegradable proteins of alfalfa cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80:315-325. doi:10.4141/P99-113
52. Van Soest, P.J., J.B. Robertson, and B.A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral-detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
53. Vogel, K.P., and R.A. Masters. 2001. Frequency grid: A simple tool for measuring grassland establishment. J. Range Manage. 54:653-655. doi:10.2307/4003666
54. VSN International. 2011. GenStat for Windows. 14th ed. VSN Int., Hemel Hempstead, UK. http://www.vsni.co.uk/software/genstat (accessed 9 July 2012).
55. Whitehead, D.C. 1972. Chemical composition. In: C.R.W. Spedding and E.C. Diekmahns, editors, Grasses and legumes in British agriculture. Grassl. Res. Inst., Hurley, UK. p. 326-342.
56. Zemenchik, R.A., A.A. Kenneth, and R.D. Shaver. 2002. Improved nutritive value of Kura clover- and birdsfoot trefoil-grass mixtures compared with grass monocultures. Agron. J. 94:1131-1138. doi:10.2134/agronj2002.1131