Evaluation of the use of bioethanol fuelled buses based on ambient air pollution screening and on-road measurements

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 452-453, Issue , 2013, Pages 40-49

  Lopez Aparicio S ^a   Hak, C ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR RESEARCH   (Norway)

Author keywords

Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Air quality; Climate mitigation; Ethanol; PTR TOF

Indexed keywords

AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION; CLIMATE MITIGATIONS; CONCENTRATION OF ACETIC ACID; DRIVING CONDITIONS; MATERIAL DEGRADATION; MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN; MITIGATION MEASURES; PTR-TOF;

ACETIC ACID; AIR QUALITY; BIOETHANOL; BUSES; ETHANOL; GAS EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE GASES; PH; POLLUTION; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

ACETALDEHYDE;

ACETALDEHYDE; BIOETHANOL FUEL; BIOFUEL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ACETIC ACID; AIR POLLUTANT; ALCOHOL; EXHAUST GAS; FORMALDEHYDE; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; OZONE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

ACETALDEHYDE; ACETIC ACID; AIR QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BIOFUEL; BUS TRANSPORT; DEGRADATION; ETHANOL; EXHAUST EMISSION; GREENHOUSE GAS; MEASUREMENT METHOD; POLLUTION EFFECT; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; POLLUTION MONITORING; TRAFFIC EMISSION;

AIR ANALYSIS; AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY; AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMBUSTION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; EXHAUST GAS; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; ION PAIR CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOTOR VEHICLE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PILOT STUDY; PLUME DISPERSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; AIR POLLUTANT; ANALYSIS; CITY; HUMAN; NORWAY;

ACETALDEHYDE; ACETIC ACID; AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION; BIOFUELS; CITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ETHANOL; FORMALDEHYDE; HUMANS; MOTOR VEHICLES; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; NORWAY; OZONE; PILOT PROJECTS; VEHICLE EMISSIONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84875077246     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.046     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Balat M., Balat H. Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel. Appl Energy 2009, 86:2273-2282.
2. Black F. An overview of the technical implications of methanol and ethanol as highway motor vehicle fuels. SAE technical paper 912413 1991, 10.4271/912413.
3. Brown L.R. Why ethanol production will drive world food prices even higher by 2008 2008, January, Earth Policy Institute, [http://www.earth-policy.org/plan_b_updates/2008/update69 (Assessed in September 2012)].
4. Cushman-Roisin B. Environmental fluid mechanics 2012, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
5. Denby B., Karl M., Laupsa H., Johansson C., Pohjola M., Karppinen A., et al. Estimating domestic wood burning emissions of particulate matter in two Nordic cities by combining ambient air observations with receptor and dispersion models. Chem Ind Chem Eng Q 2010, 16:237-241.
6. EC Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport. Off J Eur Union 2003, L 123/42. URL: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:123:0042:0042:EN:PDF.
7. EISA Energy independence and security act of 2007, Public Law 110-140 2007.
8. EPAct US Energy Policy Act of 2005, Public Law 109-58 2005.
9. Ferm M. A sensitive diffusional sampler 1991, Swedish Environmental Research Institute, [Publ. IVL B-1020].
10. Fornaro A., Gutz I.G.R. Wet deposition and related atmospheric chemistry in the São Paulo metropolis, Brazil: part-2-contribution of formic and acetic acids. Atmos Environ 2003, 37:117-128.
11. Gaffney J.S., Marley N.A. The impact of combustion emissions on air quality and climate: from coal to biofuels and beyond. Atmos Environ 2009, 43:23-36.
12. Gaffney J.S., Marley N.A., Martin R.S., Dixon R.W., Reyes L.G., Popp C.J. Potential air quality effects of using ethanol-gasoline fuel blends: a field study in Alburquerque, New Mexico. Environ Sci Technol 1997, 31:3053-3061.
13. Gaffney J.S., Marley N.A., Martin R.S., Dixon R.W., Reyes L.G., Popp C.J. Reply to Dr. G. Whitten's comment on the paper entitled "Potential air quality effects of using ethanol-gasoline fuel blends: a field study in Albuquerque, New Mexico". Environ Sci Technol 1998, 32:3842-3844.
14. Galloway J.N., Keene W.C., Likens G.E., Miller J.M. The composition of precipitation in remote areas of the world. J Geophys Res 1982, 87:8771-8786.
15. Ginnebaugh D.L., Liang J.Y., Jacobson M.Z. Examining the temperature depended of ethanol (E85) versus gasoline emissions on air pollution with a largely-explicit chemical mechanism. Atmos Environ 2010, 44:1192-1199.
16. Google map, (Accessed on September 2012). https://maps.google.no/maps?q=Oslo&hl=en&ll=59.912697,10.758018&spn=0.088639,0.289421&sll=64.55875,17.70995&sspn=19.750028,74.091797&hnear=Oslo&t=m&z=12.
17. Graham L.A., Belisle S.L., Baas C.L. Emissions from light duty gasoline vehicles operating on low blend ethanol gasoline and E85. Atmos Environ 2008, 42:4498-4516.
18. Grosjean D. Ambient levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and formic acid in southern California: results of a one-year base-line study. Environ Sci Technol 1991, 25:710-715.
19. Jacobson M.Z. Effects of ethanol (E85) versus gasoline vehicles on cancer and mortality in the United States. Environ Sci Technol 2007, 41:4150-4157.
20. Jordan A., Haidacher S., Hanel G., Hartungenan E., Märk L., Seehauser H., et al. A high resolution and high sensitivity proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS). Int J Mass Spectrom 2009, 286:122-128.
21. Kousoulidou M., Fontanas G., Mellios G., Ntziachristos L. Effect of biodiesel and bioethanol on exhaust emissions. ETC./ACC technical paper 2008/5 2008, European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change.
22. Leygraf C., Graedel T.E. Atmospheric corrosion, electrochemical society series 2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey.
23. Nakicenovic N., Alcamo J., Davis G., de Vries B., Fenhann J., Graffin S., et al. Emission scenarios, a special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Cambridge 2000.
24. OSHA Occupational safety and health administration, acetaldehyde [Accessed in September 2012]. http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_216300.html.
25. OSHA Occupational safety and health administration, acetic acid [Accessed on October 2012b]. http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_216400.html.
26. Pal Arya S. Air pollution meteorology and dispersion 1999, Oxford University Press, Inc., New York.
27. Pang X., Mu Y., Yuan J., He H. Carbonyls emission from ethanol-blended gasoline and biodiesel-ethanol-diesel used in engines. Atmos Environ 2008, 42:1349-1358.
28. Peña R.M., García S., Herreroa C., Losada M., Vázquez A., Lucas T. Organic acids and aldehydes in rainwater in a northwest region of Spain. Atmos Environ 2002, 36:5277-5288.
29. Pope S.B. Turbulent flows 2000, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
30. Poulopoulos S.G., Samaras D.P., Philippopoulos C.J. Regulated and unregulated emissions from an internal combustion engine operating on ethanol-containing fuels. Atmos Environ 2001, 35:4399-4406.
31. Rao Surisettya V., Dalaia A.K., Kozinskib J. Alcohols as alternative fuels: an overview. Appl Catal A-Gen 2011, 404:1-11.
32. Reading A., Norris J., Feest E., Payne E. Bioethanol emissions testing. AEA Technology E&E/DDSE/02/021 2002.
33. Ruth J.H. Odor thresholds and irritation levels of several chemical substances: a review. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1986, 47:142-151.
34. Sabbioni C., Ghedini N., Bonazza A. Organic anions in damage layers on monuments and buildings. Atmos Environ 2003, 37:1261-1269.
35. Scacchi C.C.O., González-García S., Caserini S., Rigamonti L. Greenhouse gases emissions and energy use of wheat grain-based bioethanol fuel blends. Sci Total Environ 2010, 408:5010-5018.
36. Searchinger T., Heimlich R., Houghton R.A., Dong F., Elobeid A., Fabiosa J., et al. Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change. Science 2008, 319:1238-1240.
37. Seinfeld J.H., Pandis S.N. Atmospheric chemistry and physics - from air pollution to climate change 2000, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
38. SEPA Odour guidance 2010 2010, Scottish Environmental Protection Agency.
39. Silverman L., Schulze H.F., First M.W. Further studies on sensory response to certain industrial solvent vapors. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1946, 28:262-266.
40. Steiner A.L., Cohen R.C., Harley R.A., Tonse S., Millet D.B., Schade G.W., et al. VOC reactivity in central California: comparing an air quality model to ground-based measurements. Atmos Chem Phys 2008, 8:351-368.
41. Systèmes solaires Biofuels barometer 2007-2011 - EurObserv'ER, Systèmes solaires. Le journal des énergies renouvelables 2008, 185(6):49-66.
42. Tanner R.L., Miguel A.H., De Andrade J.B., Gaffney J.S., Streit G.E. Atmospheric chemistry of aldehydes: enhanced peroxyacetyl nitrate formation from ethanol-fueled vehicular emissions. Environ Sci Technol 2002, 22:1026-1034.
43. US EPA Compilation of air pollutant emission factors vol. 1. Stationary Point & Area Sources 1996, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, [September 1996, Report AP-42, 5th Ed incl. Supplements A, B, C, D and E].
44. US EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on acetaldehyde 1999, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.
45. US EPA Health effects notebook for hazardous air pollutants Available:, [accessed September 2012]. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/hapindex.html.
46. US EPA National-scale air toxics assessment 2011, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
47. Veres P., Gilman J.B., Roberts J.M., Kuster W.C., Warneke C., Burling I.R., et al. Development and validation of a portable gas phase standard generation and calibration system for volatile organic compounds. Atmos Meas Tech 2010, 3:683-691.
48. Walker M., Chance R. Corrosion of metals and the effectiveness of inhibitors in ethanol fuels. SAE technical paper 831828 1983, 10.4271/831828.
49. Westerholm R., Ahlvik P., Karlsson H.L. An exhaust characterisation study based on regulated and unregulated tailpipe and evaporative emissions from bi-fuel and flex-fuel light-duty passenger cars fuelled by petrol (E5), bioethanol (E70, E85) and biogas tested at ambient temperatures of +22°C and 7°C. Report to the Swedish Road Administration 2008, [www.biofuels-platform.ch/en/media/download.php?get=130].
50. Whitney K., Fernandez T. Characterization of cold temperature VOC and PM emissions from flex fuel vehicles operating on ethanol blends. 17th CRC on road vehicle emissions workshop 2007.