The role of intergroup disgust in predicting negative outgroup evaluations

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 195-205

  Hodson, Gordon ^a   Choma, Becky L ^b   Boisvert, Jacqueline ^c   Hafer, Carolyn L ^a   MacInnis, Cara C ^a   Costello, Kimberly ^a  

^a BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^c CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Intergroup disgust sensitivity; Intergroup relations; Prejudice

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875059096     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: 10960465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.11.002     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Altemeyer B. The authoritarian specter 1996, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
2. Altemeyer B., Hunsberger B. A revised religious fundamentalism scale: The short and the sweet of it. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 2004, 14:47-54.
3. Avery P.G., Bird K., Johnstone S., Sullivan J.L., Thalhammar K. Exploring political tolerance with adolescents. Theory and Research in Social Education 1992, 20:386-420.
4. Birtel M.D., Crisp R.J. "Treating" prejudice: An exposure-therapy approach to reducing negative reactions toward stigmatized groups. Psychological Science 2012, 23:1379-1386.
5. Byrne B.M. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming 2001, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.
6. Carney D.R., Jost J.T., Gosling S.D., Potter J. The secret lives of liberals and conservatives: Personality profiles, interaction styles, and the things they leave behind. Political Psychology 2008, 29:807-840.
7. Choma B.L., Hodson G., Costello K. Intergroup disgust sensitivity as a predictor of Islamophobia: The modulating effect of fear. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2012, 48:499-506.
8. Cottrell C.A., Neuberg S.L. Different emotional reactions to different groups: A sociofunctional threat-based approach to "prejudice". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2005, 88:770-789.
9. Curtis V., Biran A. Dirt, disgust, and disease: Is hygiene in our genes?. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 2001, 44:17-31.
10. Diamond J. Guns, germs, and steel: The fates of human societies 1997, Norton, New York.
11. Duncan L.A., Schaller M., Park J.H. Perceived vulnerability to disease: Development and validation of a 15-item self-report instrument. Personality and Individual Differences 2009, 47:541-546.
12. Gaertner S.L., Dovidio J.F. The aversive form of racism. Prejudice, discrimination, and racism 1986, 61-89. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. J.F. Dovidio, S.L. Gaertner (Eds.).
13. Greenberg J., Kosloff S. Terror management theory: Implications for understanding prejudice, stereotyping, intergroup conflict, and political attitudes. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2008, 2:1881-1894.
14. Haddock G., Zanna M.P., Esses V.M. Assessing the structure of prejudicial attitudes: The case of attitudes toward homosexuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993, 65:1105-1118.
15. Haidt J., McCauley C., Rozin P. Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors. Personality and Individual Differences 1994, 16:701-713.
16. Haidt J., McCauley C., Rozin P. The Disgust Scale, Version 2 Retrieved January 5, 2005, from. http://www.people.virginia.edu/_jdh6n/disgustscale.html.
17. Harris L.T., Fiske S.T. Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuroimaging responses to extreme outgroups. Psychological Science 2006, 17:847-853.
18. Haslam N. Dehumanization: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2006, 10:252-264.
19. Herek G.M. Heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and individual differences. Journal of Sex Research 1988, 25:451-477.
20. Hodson G., Costello K. Interpersonal disgust, ideological orientations, and dehumanization as predictors of intergroup attitudes. Psychological Science 2007, 18:691-698.
21. Hodson G., Hogg S.M., MacInnis C.C. The role of "dark personalities" (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy), Big Five personality factors, and ideology in explaining prejudice. Journal of Research in Personality 2009, 43:686-690.
22. Hu L.T., Bentler P.M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 1999, 6:1-55.
23. Inbar Y., Pizarro D.A., Bloom P. Conservatives are more easily disgusted than liberals. Cognition and Emotion 2009, 23:714-725.
24. Inbar Y., Pizarro D.A., Knobe J., Bloom P. Disgust sensitivity predicts intuitive disapproval of gays. Emotion 2009, 9:435-439.
25. John O.P., Donahue E.M., Kentle R.L. The "Big Five" Inventory-Versions 4a and 54 1991, (Tech. Rep.), Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley.
26. Kline R.B. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling 2005, Guilford Press, New York. 2nd Ed.
27. Kurzban R., Leary M.R. Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: The functions of social exclusion. Psychological Bulletin 2001, 127:187-208.
28. McConahay J.G., Hardee B.B., Batts V. Has racism declined? It depends on who's asking and what is asked. Journal of Conflict Resolution 1981, 25:563-579.
29. McGarry J.J., Newberry B.H. Beliefs in paranormal phenomena and locus of control: A field study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1981, 41:725-736.
30. Navarrete C.D., Fessler D.M.T. Disease avoidance and ethnocentrism: The effects of disease vulnerability and disgust sensitivity on intergroup attitudes. Evolution and Human Behavior 2006, 27:270-282.
31. Neuberg S.L., Newsom J.T. Personal need for structure: Individual differences in the desire for simpler structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993, 65:113-131.
32. Oaten M., Stevenson R.J., Case T.I. Disgust as a disease-avoidance mechanism. Psychological Bulletin 2009, 135:303-321.
33. Olatunji B.O. Disgust, scrupulosity and conservative attitudes about sex: Evidence for a meditational model of homophobia. Journal of Research in Personality 2008, 42:1364-1369.
34. Olatunji B.O., Haidt J., McKay D., David B. Core, animal reminder, and contamination disgust: Three kinds of disgust with distinct personality, behavioral, physiological, and clinical correlates. Journal of Research in Personality 2008, 42:1243-1259.
35. Olatunji B.O., Tolin D.F., Huppert J.D., Lohr J.M. The relation between fearfulness, disgust sensitivity and religious obsessions in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences 2005, 38:891-902.
36. Paulhus D.L. Measurement and control of response bias. Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes 1991, 17-59. Academic Press, San Diego. J.P. Robinson, P.R. Shaver, L.S. Wrightsman (Eds.).
37. Paulhus D.L., Williams K.M. The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality 2002, 36:556-563.
38. Pond R.S., DeWall C.N., Lamebert N.M., Deckman T., Bosner I.M., Fincham F.D. Repulsed by violence: Disgust sensitivity buffers trait, behavioral, and daily aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2012, 102:175-188.
39. Power M., Dalgleish T. Cognition and emotion: From order to disorder 1997, Psychology Press, East Sussex, England.
40. Preacher K.J., Hayes A.F. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods 2008, 40:879-891.
41. Riek B., Mania E., Gaertner S. Intergroup threat and outgroup attitudes: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2006, 10:336-353.
42. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image 1965, Princeton University Press, Princeton, JN.
43. Rozin P., Fallon A.E. A perspective on disgust. Psychological Review 1987, 94:23-41.
44. Rozin P., Haidt J., McCauley C. Disgust. Handbook of emotions 2000, 637-652. Guilford Press, New York. 2nd ed. M. Lewis, J. Haviland (Eds.).
45. Rozin P., Haidt J., McCauley C. Disgust: The body and soul in emotion I the 21st century. Disgust and its disorders: Theory, assessment, and treatment implications 2009, 9-29. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. P. Rozin, J. Haidt, C. McCauley, B.O. Olatunji, D. McKay (Eds.).
46. Rozin P., Haidt J., McCauley C., Imada S. Disgust: Preadaptation and the cultural evolution of food-based emotion. Food preferences and taste 1997, 65-82. Berghahn, Providence, RI. H. MacBeth (Ed.).
47. Rozin P., Markwith M., McCauley C. Sensitivity to indirect contacts with other persons: AIDS aversion as a composite of aversion to strangers, infection, moral taint, and misfortune. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1994, 103:495-504.
48. Schaller M., Park J.H. The behavioral immune system (and why it matters). Current Directions in Psychological Science 2011, 20:99-103.
49. Sibley C.G., Duckitt J. Personality and prejudice: A meta-analysis and theoretical review. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2008, 12:248-279.
50. Sidanius J., Pratto F. Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression 1999, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
51. Smith E.R. Social identity and social emotions: Toward new conceptualizations of prejudice. Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception 1993, 297-315. Academic Press, San Diego, US. D.M. Mackie, D.L. Hamilton (Eds.).
52. Smith E.R. Affective and cognitive implications of a group becoming part of the self: New models of prejudice and of the self-concept. Social identity and social cognition 1999, 183-196. Blackwell, Oxford, UK. D. Abrams, M.A. Hogg (Eds.).
53. Stephan W.G., Stephan C.W. Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues 1985, 41:157-175.
54. Tausch N., Becker J.C., Spears R., Christ O., Saab R., Singh P., et al. Explaining radical group behavior: Developing emotion and efficacy routes to normative and nonnormative collective action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2011, 101:129-148.
55. Terrizzi J.A., Shook N.J., Ventis W.L. Disgust: A predictor of social conservatism and prejudicial attitudes toward homosexuals. Personality and Individual Differences 2010, 49:587-592.
56. Tobacyk J., Milford G. Belief in paranormal phenomena: Assessment instrument development and implications for personality functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1983, 44:1029-1037.
57. Tybur J.M., Lieberman D., Griskevicius V. Microbes, mating, and morality: Individual differences in three functional domains of disgust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2009, 97:10-122.
58. Tybur J.M., Merriman L.A., Caldwell Hooper A.E., McDonald M.M., Navarrete C.D. Extending the behavioral immune system to political psychology: Are political conservatism and disgust sensitivity really related?. Evolutionary Psychology 2010, 8:599-616.
59. Van Vugt M., Park J.H. Guns, germs, and sex: How evolution shaped our intergroup psychology. Social and Personality Compass 2009, 3:927-938.
60. Vartanian L.R. Disgust and perceived control in attitudes toward obese people. International Journal of Obesity 2010, 34:1302-1307.
61. Watson D., Clark L.A., Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1988, 54:1063-1070.
62. Wink P., Scott J. Does religiousness buffer against the fear of death and dying in late adulthood? Findings from a longitudinal study. Journal of Gerontology 2005, 60B:207-214.