Milan Criteria, Multi-nodularity, and Microvascular Invasion Predict the Recurrence Patterns of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Resection

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 702-711

  Hung, Hung Hsu ^a,b,c   Lei, Hao Jan ^a,b   Chau, Gar Yang ^a,b   Su, Chien Wei ^a,b   Hsia, Cheng Yuan ^a,b   Kao, Wei Yu ^a,b   Lui, Wing Yiu ^b,d   Wu, Wen Chieh ^a   Lin, Han Chieh ^a,b   Wu, Jaw Ching ^a,b  

^a TAIPEI VETERANS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL YANG MING UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c CHENG HSIN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^d TAICHUNG VETERANS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver transplantation; Milan criteria; Surgical resection

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875050821     PISSN: 1091255X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-012-2087-z     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Omata M, Lesmana LA, Tateishi R, Chen PJ, Lin SM, Yoshida H, Kudo M, Lee JM, Choi BI, Poon RT, Shiina S, Cheng AL, Jia JD, Obi S, Han KH, Jafri W, Chow P, Lim SG, Chawla YK, Budihusodo U, Gani RA, Lesmana CR, Putranto TA, Liaw YF, Sarin SK. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus recommendations on hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2010; 4: 439-474.
2. de Lope CR, Tremosini S, Forner A, Reig M, Bruix J. Management of HCC. J Hepatol 2012; 56 Suppl: S75-87.
3. El-Serag HB, Marrero JA, Rudolph L, Reddy KR. Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2008; 134: 1752-1763.
4. Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology 2011; 53: 1020-1022.
5. Kao WY, Chiou YY, Hung HH, Su CW, Chou YH, Huo TI, Huang YH, Wu WC, Lin HC, Lee SD, Wu JC. Younger hepatocellular carcinoma patients have better prognosis after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation therapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012; 46: 62-70.
6. Fan ST, Poon RT, Yeung C, Lam CM, Lo CM, Yuen WK, Ng KK, Liu CL, Chan SC. Outcome after partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular cancer within the Milan criteria. Br J Surg 2011; 98: 1292-1300.
7. Cucchetti A, Cescon M, Ercolani G, Morelli MC, Del Gaudio M, Zanello M, Pinna AD. Comparison between observed survival after resection of transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma and predicted survival after listing through a Markov model simulation. Transpl Int 2011; 24: 787-796.
8. Ho CM, Lee PH, Chen CL, Ho MC, Wu YM, Hu RH. Long-term outcomes after resection versus transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma within UCSF criteria. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 826-833.
9. Koniaris LG, Levi DM, Pedroso FE, Franceschi D, Tzakis AG, Santamaria-Barria JA, Tang J, Anderson M, Misra S, Solomon NL, Jin X, DiPasco PJ, Byrne MM, Zimmers TA. Is surgical resection superior to transplantation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma? Ann Surg 2011; 254: 527-537.
10. El-Serag HB. Hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1118-1127.
11. Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, Andreola S, Pulvirenti A, Bozzetti F, Montalto F, Ammatuna M, Morabito A, Gennari L. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 693-699.
12. Clavien PA, Lesurtel M, Bossuyt PM, Gores GJ, Langer B, Perrier A. Recommendations for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an international consensus conference report. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13: e11-22.
13. Yao FY, Kerlan RK, Jr., Hirose R, Davern TJ, 3rd, Bass NM, Feng S, Peters M, Terrault N, Freise CE, Ascher NL, Roberts JP. Excellent outcome following down-staging of hepatocellular carcinoma prior to liver transplantation: an intention-to-treat analysis. Hepatology 2008; 48: 819-827.
14. Ravaioli M, Grazi GL, Piscaglia F, Trevisani F, Cescon M, Ercolani G, Vivarelli M, Golfieri R, D'Errico Grigioni A, Panzini I, Morelli C, Bernardi M, Bolondi L, Pinna AD. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: results of down-staging in patients initially outside the Milan selection criteria. Am J Transpl 2008; 8: 2547-2557.
15. Fuks D, Dokmak S, Paradis V, Diouf M, Durand F, Belghiti J. Benefit of initial resection of hepatocellular carcinoma followed by transplantation in case of recurrence: an intention-to-treat analysis. Hepatology 2012; 55: 132-140.
16. Kao WY, Su CW, Chau GY, Lui WY, Wu CW, Wu JC. A comparison of prognosis between patients with hepatitis B and C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing resection surgery. World J Surg 2011; 35: 858-867.
17. Su CW, Lei HJ, Chau GY, Hung HH, Wu JC, Hsia CY, Lui WY, Su YH, Wu CW, Lee SD. The effect of age on the long-term prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection surgery: a propensity score matching analysis. Arch Surg 2012; 147: 137-144.
18. Lei HJ, Chau GY, Lui WY, Tsay SH, King KL, Loong CC, Wu CW. Prognostic value and clinical relevance of the 6th edition 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 203: 426-435.
19. Edmondson HA, Steiner PE. Primary carcinoma of the liver: a study of 100 cases among 48, 900 necropsies. Cancer 1954; 7: 462-503.
20. Bruix J, Sherman M, Llovet JM, Beaugrand M, Lencioni R, Burroughs AK, Christensen E, Pagliaro L, Colombo M, Rodes J. Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference. European Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol 2001; 35: 421-430.
21. Llovet JM, Bruix J, Fuster J, Castells A, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Grande L, Franca A, Bru C, Navasa M, Ayuso MC, Sole M, Real MI, Vilana R, Rimola A, Visa J, Rodes J. Liver transplantation for small hepatocellular carcinoma: the tumor-node-metastasis classification does not have prognostic power. Hepatology 1998; 27: 1572-1577.
22. European Association for the Study of the Liver, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2012; 56: 908-943.
23. Sala M, Fuster J, Llovet JM, Navasa M, Sole M, Varela M, Pons F, Rimola A, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Bru C, Bruix J. High pathological risk of recurrence after surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: an indication for salvage liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 1294-1300.
24. Lim KC, Chow PK, Allen JC, Chia GS, Lim M, Cheow PC, Chung AY, Ooi LL, Tan SB. Microvascular invasion is a better predictor of tumor recurrence and overall survival following surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma compared to the Milan criteria. Ann Surg 2011; 254: 108-113.
25. Fujiki M, Aucejo F, Kim R. General overview of neo-adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation: necessity or option? Liver Int 2011; 31: 1081-1089.
26. Gordon-Weeks AN, Snaith A, Petrinic T, Friend PJ, Burls A, Silva MA. Systematic review of outcome of downstaging hepatocellular cancer before liver transplantation in patients outside the Milan criteria. Br J Surg 2011; 98: 1201-1208.
27. De Carlis L, Di Sandro S, Giacomoni A, Slim A, Lauterio A, Mangoni I, Mihaylov P, Pirotta V, Aseni P, Rampoldi A. Beyond the Milan criteria: what risks for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma progression before liver transplantation? J Clin Gastroenterol 2012; 46: 78-86.
28. Hung HH, Chiou YY, Hsia CY, Su CW, Chou YH, Chiang JH, Kao WY, Huo TI, Huang YH, Su YH, Lin HC, Lee SD, Wu JC. Survival rates are comparable after radiofrequency ablation or surgery in patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9: 79-86.
29. N'Kontchou G, Mahamoudi A, Aout M, Ganne-Carrie N, Grando V, Coderc E, Vicaut E, Trinchet JC, Sellier N, Beaugrand M, Seror O. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term results and prognostic factors in 235 Western patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2009; 50: 1475-1483.
30. Kao WY, Chiou YY, Hung HH, Chou YH, Su CW, Wu JC, Huo TI, Huang YH, Lin HC, Lee SD. Risk factors for long-term prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation therapy: the clinical implication of aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23: 528-536.
31. Imamura H, Matsuyama Y, Tanaka E, Ohkubo T, Hasegawa K, Miyagawa S, Sugawara Y, Minagawa M, Takayama T, Kawasaki S, Makuuchi M. Risk factors contributing to early and late phase intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J Hepatol 2003; 38: 200-207.
32. Wu JC, Huang YH, Chau GY, Su CW, Lai CR, Lee PC, Huo TI, Sheen IJ, Lee SD, Lui WY. Risk factors for early and late recurrence in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2009; 51: 890-897.