Wrf-fire: Coupled weather-wildland fire modeling with the weather research and forecasting model

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 16-38

  Coen, Janice L ^a   Cameron, Marques ^b   Michalakes, John ^c   Patton, Edward G ^a   Riggan, Philip J ^d   Yedinak, Kara M ^e  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b National Center for Atmospheric Research   (United States)

^c NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY   (United States)

^d PACIFIC SOUTHWEST RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

^e Washington State University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTROL EXPERIMENTS; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYERS; FIRE-ATMOSPHERE FEEDBACKS; FUEL CHARACTERISTICS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; SENSIBLE AND LATENT HEAT FLUXES; WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING; WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODELS;

BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EXPERIMENTS; FIRES; FUELS; HEAT FLUX; WIND EFFECTS;

WEATHER FORECASTING;

AIRFLOW; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; CLIMATE PREDICTION; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER; FUEL CONSUMPTION; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; VERTICAL PROFILE; WEATHER FORECASTING; WILDFIRE; WIND VELOCITY;

EID: 84875023379     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: 15588432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-023.1     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Albini, F. A., 1976: Estimating wildfire behavior and effects. USDA Forest Service General Tech. Rep. INT-30, 92 pp.
2. Albini, F. A., 1993: Dynamics and modeling of vegetation fires: Observations. Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires, P. J. Crutzen and
3. J. G. Goldhammer,1994: ProgramBURNUP:Asimulation model of the burning of large woody natural fuels. Montana State University Mechanical Engineering Dept. USDA Forest Service Research Grant INT-92754-GR Final Rep., 113 pp.
4. J. G. Goldhammer, J. K. Brown, E. D. Reinhardt, and R. D. Ottmar, 1995: Calibration of a large fuel burnout model. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 5, 173-192.
5. Alexander, M. E., B. J. Stocks, B. M. Wotton, and R. A. Lanoville, 1998: An example of multi-faceted wildland fire research: The International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment. Proc. III Int. Conf. Forest Fire Research /14th Conf. Fire and Forest Meteorology, Coimbra, Portugal, University of Coimbra, 83-112.
6. Anderson, H. E., 1982: Aids to determining fuel models for estimating fire behavior. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station General Tech. Rep. INT-122, 22 pp. [Available online at http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_int/int_gtr122.pdf.]
7. Andrews, P. L., C. D. Bevins, and R. C. Seli, 2008: BehavePlus fire modeling system, version 4.0: User's guide. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-106WWW, 132 pp.
8. Arya, S. P., 1988: Introduction to Micrometeorology. Academic Press, 307 pp.
9. Butler, B. W., and M. B. Dickinson, 2010: Tree injury and mortality in fires: Developing process-based models. Fire Ecol., 6, 55-79.
10. Byram, G. M., 1959: Forest fire behavior. Forest Fires: Control and Use, K. P. Davis, Ed. McGraw-Hill, 90-123.
11. Carrier, G. F., F. E. Fendell, and M. F. Wolff, 1991: Wind-aided firespread across arrays of discrete fuel elements. I. Theory. Combust. Sci. Technol., 75, 31-51.
12. Cheney, N. P., and J. S. Gould, 1995: Fire growth in grassland fuels. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 5, 237-247.
13. Cheney, N. P., and J. S. Gould, and W. R. Catchpole, 1993: The influence of fuel, weather and fire shape variables on fire-spread in grasslands. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 3, 31-44.
14. Clark, T. L., M. A. Jenkins, J. Coen, and D. Packham, 1996a: A coupled atmosphere-fire model: Convective feedback on fireline dynamics. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 875-901.
15. Clark, T. L., M. A. Jenkins, J. Coen, and D. Packham, 1996b: A coupled atmosphere-fire model: Role of the convective Froude number and dynamic fingering at the fireline. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 6, 177-190.
16. Clark, T. L., J. Coen, and D. Latham, 2004: Description of a coupled atmosphere-fire model. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 13, 49-64.
17. Clements, C. B., and Coauthors, 2007: Observing the dynamics of wildland grass fires: FireFlux: A field validation experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 1369-1382.
18. Coen, J. L., 2005: Simulation of the Big Elk Fire using coupled atmosphere-fire modeling. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 14, 49-59.
19. Coen, J. L., 2011: Some new basics of fire behavior. Fire Manage. Today, 71, 37-42.
20. Coen, J. L., and P. J. Riggan, 2010: Landscape-scale wildland fire modeling: Research & applications. Proc. Australasian Fire Authorities Council and Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre Conf., Darwin, Northern Territories, Australia, Australasian FireAuthoritiesCouncil,CD-ROM, 11 pp. [Available fromthe Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council, Level 5, 340 Albert St., East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.]
21. Coen, J. L., S. Mahalingam, and J. W. Daily, 2004: Infrared imagery of crown-fire dynamics during FROSTFIRE. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 1241-1259.
22. Deardorff, J. W., 1980: Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 18, 495-527.
23. Dupuy, J. L., 1995: Slope and fuel load effects on fire behavior: Laboratory experiments in pine needles fuel beds. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 5, 153-164.
24. Fendell, F. E., and M. F. Wolff, 2001: Wind-aided fire spread. Forest Fires: Behavior and Ecological Effects, E. A. Johnson and K. Miyanishi, Eds., Academic Press, 171-221.
25. Finney, M. A., 1998: FARSITE: Fire Area Simulator-Model development and evaluation. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Station, Research Paper RMRS-RP-4, 47 pp. [Available online at http://nature.berkeley.edu/stephens-lab/fireareaall.pdf.]
26. Frankman, D. J., 2009: Radiation and convection heat transfer in wildland fire environments. Ph.D. dissertation, Brigham Young University, 232 pp. [Available online at http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/ETD/id/1838.]
27. Hinzman, L. D., M. Fukuda, D. V. Sandberg, F. S. Chapin III, and D. Dash, 2003: FROSTFIRE: An experimental approach to predicting the climate feedbacks from the changing boreal fire regime. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8153, doi:10.1029/2001JD000415.
28. Jimenez, P. A., and J. Dudhia, 2012: Improving the representation of resolved and unresolved topographic effects on surface wind in the WRF model. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 51, 300-316.
29. Kremens, R. L., A. M. S. Smith, and M. Dickinson, 2010: Fire metrology: Current and future directions in physics-based measurements. Fire Ecol., 6, 13-35.
30. Linn, R., and P. Cunningham, 2005: Numerical simulations of grass fires using a coupled atmosphere-fire model: Basic fire behavior and dependence on wind speed. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D13107, doi:10.1029/2004JD005597.
31. Linn, R., J. Reisner, J. Colman, and J. Winterkamp, 2002: Studying wildfire behavior using FIRETEC. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 11, 233-246.
32. Mallet, V., D. E. Keyes, and F. E. Fendell, 2009: Modeling wildland fire propagation with level set methods. Comput. Math. Appl., 57, 1089-1101.
33. Mandel, J., J. D. Beezley, J. Coen, and M. Kim, 2009: Data assimilation for wildland fires: Ensemble Kalman filters in coupled atmosphere-surface models. IEEE Control Syst. Mag., 29 (3), 47-65.
34. Mandel, J., J. D. Beezley, and A. K. Kochanski, 2011: Coupled atmosphere-wildland fire modeling withWRF3.3 and SFIRE 2011. Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 591-610.
35. McAlpine, R. S., 1995: Testing the effect of fuel consumption on fire spread rate. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 5, 143-152.
36. McArthur, A. G., 1969: The Tasmanian bushfires of 7th February, 1967, and associated fire behavior characteristics. Proc. Mass Fire Symposium, Canberra, Australia, 1969, Maribyrnong, VIC, Australia, Defence Standards Laboratories, 23 pp.
37. Mell, W.,M. A. Jenkins, J. Gould, and P. Cheney, 2007: A physicsbased approach to modeling grassland fires. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 16, 1-22.
38. Moeng, C.-H., and P. P. Sullivan, 1994:Acomparison of shear-and buoyancy-driven planetary boundary layer flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 999-1022.
39. Moeng, C.-H., J. Dudhia, J. Klemp, and P. Sullivan, 2007: Examining twoway grid nesting for large eddy simulation of the PBL using the WRF model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2295-2311.
40. Morvan, D., V. Tauleigne, and J. L. Dupuy, 2002: Flame geometry and surface to crown fire transition during the propagation of a line fire through a Mediterranean shrub. Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. on Forest Fire Research, Coimbra, Portugal, Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics, 10 pp. [Available online at http://www.eufirelab.org/toolbox2/library/upload/236.pdf.]
41. National Wildfire Coordinating Group, 1994: Introduction to wildland fire behavior S-190. National Interagency Fire Center NFES 180, 66 pp.
42. Noble, I. R., G. A. V. Bary, and A. M. Gill, 1980: McArthur's fire dangermeters expressed as equations. Aust. J.Ecol., 5, 201-203.
43. Osher, S. J., and J. A. Sethian, 1988: Front propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations. J. Comput. Phys., 79, 12-49.
44. Palmer, T., 1981: Large fire winds, gases, and smoke. Atmos. Environ., 15, 2079-2090.
45. Patton, E. G., and J. L. Coen, 2004: WRF-Fire: A coupled atmosphere-fire module for WRF. Preprints, 5th WRF/14th MM5 Users' Workshop, Boulder, CO, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 221-223. [Available online at http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/workshop/ws04/Session9/Patton_Edward.pdf.]
46. Potter, B., and B. Butler, 2009: Using wind models to more effectively manage wildfire. Fire Manage. Today, 69, 40-46.
47. Pyne, S. J., P. L. Andrews, and R. D. Laven, 1996: Introduction to Wildland Fire. 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, 769 pp.
48. Rehm, R. G., and R. J. McDermott, 2009: Fire-front propagation using the level set method. NIST Tech. Note 1611, 12 pp. [Available online at http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/userpages/wmell/PUBLIC/TALKS_PAPERS/Rehm_McDermott_fire_level_set_NIST_TN_1611_09.pdf.]
49. Richards, G. D., 1990: An elliptical growth model of forest fire fronts and its numerical solution. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 30, 1163-1179.
50. Riggan, P. J., L. G. Wolden, R. G. Cissel, and J. Coen, 2010: Remote sensing fire and fuels in southern California. Proc. Third Fire Behavior and Fuels Conf., Spokane, WA, International Association ofWildland Fire, 14 pp. [Available online at http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/riggan/psw_2010_riggan002.pdf.]
51. Rothermel, R. C., 1972: A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels.USDAForest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Research Paper INT-115, 40 pp. [Available online at http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/32533.]
52. Sandberg, D. V., C. L. Riccardi, and M. D. Schaaf, 2007: Reformulation of Rothermel's wildland fire behaviour model for heterogeneous fuelbeds. Can. J. For. Res., 37, 2438-2455.
53. Schmidt, H., and U. Schumann, 1989: Coherent structure of the convective boundary layer derived from large-eddy simulations. J. Fluid Mech., 200, 511-562.
54. Sethian, J. A., 1996: Level Set Methods: Evolving Interfaces in Computational Geometry, Fluid Mechanics, Computer Vision, and Materials Science. Cambridge University Press, 237 pp.
55. Skamarock, W. C., J. B. Klemp, J. Dudhia, D. O. Gill, D. M. Barker, W. Wang, and J. G. Powers, 2005: A description of the Advanced Research WRF version 2. NCAR Tech. Note TN-4681STR, 88 pp.
56. Sun, R., S. K. Krueger, M. A. Jenkins, M. A. Zulauf, and J. J. Charney, 2009: The importance of fire atmosphere coupling and boundary-layer turbulence to wildfire spread. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 18, 50-60.
57. Tymstra, C., R. W. Bryce, B. M. Wotton, S. W. Taylor, and O. B. Armitage, 2010: Development and structure of Prometheus, the Canadian wildland fire growth simulation model. Natural Resources Canada Information Rep. NOR-X-417, 102 pp. [Available online at http://firegrowthmodel.ca/download/Prometheus_Information_Report_NOR-X-417_2010.pdf.]
58. Van Wagner, C. E., 1989: Prediction of crown fire behavior in conifer stands. Proc. 10th Conf. Fire & Forest Meteorology, Ottawa, ON, Canada, Forestry Canada, 207-211.
59. Weise, D. R., and G. S. Biging, 1997: A qualitative comparison of fire spread models incorporating wind and slope effects. For. Sci., 43, 170-180.
60. Wolff, M. F., G. F. Carrier, and F. E. Fendell, 1991: Wind-aided firespread across arrays of discrete fuel elements. II. Experiment. Combust. Sci. Technol., 77, 261-289.
61. Yedinak, K. M., B. Lamb, and J. L. Coen, 2010: Sensitivity analyses and application of WRF-Fire. Proc. Third Fire Behavior and Fuels Conf., Spokane, WA, International Association of Wildland Fire, CD-ROM, 7 pp. [Available from the International Association of Wildland Fire, 1418 Washburn St., Missoula, MT 59801.]