Atlantic meridional heat transports in two ocean reanalyses evaluated against the RAPID array

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 343-348

  Haines, Keith ^a   Stepanov, Vladimir N ^a   Valdivieso, Maria ^a   Zuo, Hao ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^b EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATIONS; DEPTH STRUCTURE; EKMAN TRANSPORT; GEOSTROPHIC FLOW; GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL; MERIDIONAL HEAT TRANSPORTS; SEASONAL THERMOCLINE; TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES;

OCEAN CURRENTS; SHEAR FLOW;

HEAT TRANSFER;

EKMAN TRANSPORT; GEOSTROPHIC FLOW; GLOBAL OCEAN; HEAT TRANSFER; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; OVERTURN; QUIKSCAT; THROUGHFALL;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF STREAM; STRAITS OF FLORIDA;

EID: 84874838751     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: 19448007     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2012GL054581     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Baehr, J., S. Cunningham, H. Haak, P. Heimbach, T. Kanzow, and J. Marotzke (2009), Observed and simulated estimates of the meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N in the Atlantic, Ocean Sci., 5, 575-589, 2009, www.ocean-sci.net/5/575/2009/.
2. Baehr, J. (2010), Influence of the 26°N RAPID-MOCHA Array and Florida Current Cable Observations on the ECCO-GODAE State Estimate, JPO, vol. 40, 865-879.
3. Balmaseda, M. A., G. C. Smith, K. Haines, D. Anderson, T. N. Palmer, and A. Vidard (2007), Historical reconstruction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation from the ECMWF operational ocean reanalysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L23615, doi:10.1029/2007GL031645 (Pubitemid 351247012)
4. Baringer, M. O., and J. C. Larsen (2001), Sixteen years of Florida current transport at 27°N, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3179-3182. (Pubitemid 32914204)
5. Barnier, B. +18 (2006), Impact of partial steps and momentum advection schemes in a global, ocean circulation model at eddy-permitting resolution, Ocean Dyn., 56, 6543-567, doi:10.1007/s10236-006-0082-1. (Pubitemid 46039483)
6. Bryden, H. L., H. L. Longworth, and S. A. Cunningham (2005), Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25°N, Nature, 438, 655-657. (Pubitemid 41740573)
7. Collins, M., and B. Sinha (2003), Predictability of decadal variations in the thermohaline circulation and climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(6), 1306, doi:10.1029/2002GL016504.
8. Collins, M., et al. (2006), Interannual to decadal climate predictability in the North Atlantic: A multimodel-ensemble study, J. Clim., 19, 1195-1203. (Pubitemid 43670773)
9. Cunningham, S. A., T. Kanzow, D. Rayner, M. O. Baringer, W. E. Johns, J. Marotzke, H. R. Longworth, E. M. Grant, J. J.-M. Hirschi, L. M. Beal, C. S. Meinen, and H. L. Bryden (2007), Temporal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N, Science, 317, 935-938. (Pubitemid 47301318)
10. Dai, A., and K. E. Trenberth (2002), Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations, J. Hydrometeorol., 3, 660-687. (Pubitemid 36122404)
11. Dee, D. P., and S. Uppala (2009), Variational bias correction of satellite radiance data in the ERA-Interim reanalysis, Quart. J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 135, 1830-1841.
12. Ganachaud, A., and C.Wunsch (2003), Large scale ocean heat and freshwater transports during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, J. Climate, 16, 696-705. (Pubitemid 37164417)
13. Griffies, S. M., and K. Bryan (1997), Predictability of North Atlantic multidecadal climate variability, Science, 275, 181-184.
14. Haines, K., J. Blower, J. P. Drecourt, C. Liu, A. Vidard, I. Astin, and X. Zhou (2006), Salinity assimilation using S(T) relationships, Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 759-771.
15. Haines, K., M. Valdivieso, H. Zuo, and V. N. Stepanov (2012), Transports and budgets in a 1/4 global ocean reanalysis 1989-2010, Ocean Sci., 8, 333-344, doi:10.5194/os-8-333-2012.
16. Hall, M. M., and H. L. Bryden (1982), Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport. Deep-Sea Res., 29(3A), 339-359.
17. Hirschi, J., J. Baehr, J. Marotzke, J. Stark, S. Cunningham, and J.-O. Beismann (2003), A monitoring design for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(7), 1413-1416, doi:10.1029/ 2002GL016776.
18. Ingleby, B., and M. Huddleston (2007), Quality control of ocean temperature and salinity profiles - Historical and real-time data, J. Mar. Syst., 65, 158-175. (Pubitemid 46241809)
19. Johns, W. E., M. O. Baringer, L. M. Beal, S. A. Cunningham, T. Kanzow, H. L. Bryden, J. J. M. Hirschi, J. Marotzke, C. S. Meinen, B. Shaw, and R. Curry (2011), Continuous, array-based estimates of Atlantic ocean heat transport at 26.5°N, J. Clim., May 2011, Vol. 24, No.10: pp. 2429-2449 doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3997.1
20. Kanzow, T., S. A. Cunningham, W. E. Johns, J. J.-M. Hirschi, J. Marotzke, M. O. Baringer, C. S.Meinen, M. P. Chidichimo, C. Atkinson, L. M. Beal, H. L. Bryden, and J. Collins (2010), Seasonal variability of the Atlantic meridonal overturning circulation at 26.5°N, J. Clim., 23, 5678-5698.
21. Knight, J. R., R. J. Allan, C. K. Folland, M. Vellinga, and M. E. Mann (2005), A signature of persistent natural thermohaline circulation cycles in observed climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL024233.
22. Large, W. G., and S. G. Yeager (2004), Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: The data sets and flux climatologies. Technical Report TN-460 + STR, NCAR, 105 pp.
23. Lee, T., et al. (2010), Ocean state estimation for climate research, in Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society, (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009, edited by J. Hall, D. E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, ESA Publication WPP-306.
24. Lumpkin, R., and K. Speer (2007), Global ocean meridional overturning, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 2550-2562, doi:10.1175/JPO3130.1. (Pubitemid 350148787)
25. Martin, M. J., A. Hines, and M. J. Bell (2007), Data assimilation in the FOAM operational short-range ocean forecasting system: a description of the scheme and its impact, Q.J.R Meteorol. Soc., 133, 981-995. (Pubitemid 47091203)
26. McCarthy, G., E. Frajka-Williams, W. E. Johns, M. O. Baringer, C. S. Meinen, H. L. Bryden, D. Rayner, A. Duchez, C. Roberts, and S. A. Cunningham (2012), Observed interannual variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5N, Geophys. Res. Lett., doi:10.1029/ 2012GL052933, in press.
27. Meinen, C. S., S. L. Garzoli, W. E. Johns, and M. O. Baringer (2004), Transport variability of the deep western boundary current and the Antilles current off Abaco Island, Bahamas, Deep-Sea-Res, Part I, 51, 1397-1415. (Pubitemid 39366814)
28. Penduff, T., M. Juza, L. Brodeau, G. C. Smith, B. Barnier, J.-M. Molines, A.-M. Treguier, and G. Madec (2010), Impact of global ocean model resolution on sea-level variability with emphasis on interannual time scales, Ocean Sci., 6, 269-284, doi:10.5194/os-6-269-2010.
29. Pohlmann, H., J. H. Jungclaus, A. Köhl, D. Stammer, and J. Marotzke (2009), Initializing decadal climate predictions with the GECCO oceanic synthesis: Effects on the North Atlantic, J. Climate, 22, 3926-3938
30. Sarojini, B. B., J. M. Gregory, R. Tailleux, G. R. Bigg, A. T. Blaker, D. R. Cameron, N. R. Edwards, A. P. Megann, L. C. Shaffrey, and B. Sinha (2011), High frequency variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Ocean Sci., 7, 471-486, www.ocean-sci.net/7/471/2011/, doi:10.5194/os-7-471-2011
31. Simmons, A., S. Uppala, D. Dee, and S. Kobayashi (2007), ERA-Interim: New ECMWF reanalysis products from 1989 onwards, ECMWF Newsletter, 110, 25-35.
32. Smith, G. C., K. Haines, T. Kanzow, and S. Cunningham (2010), Impact of hydrographic data assimilation on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Ocean Sci., 6, 761-774, doi:10.5194/os-6-761-2010.
33. Storkey, D., E. W. Blockley, R. Furner, C. Guiavarc'h, D. Lea, M. J. Martin, R. M. Barciela, A. Hines, P. Hyder, and J. R. Siddorn (2010), Forecasting the ocean state using NEMO: The new FOAM system, J. Oper. Oceanogr., 3, 3-15.
34. Zheng, Y., and B. S. Giese (2009), Ocean heat transport in simple ocean data assimilation: Structure and mechanisms, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C11009, doi:10.1029/2008JC005190.