An attachment model of depression: Integrating findings from the mood disorder laboratory

Psychiatry (New York)

Volumn 76, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 68-86

  Holmes, Jeremy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPRESSION; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; EPIGENETICS; FEAR; HELPLESSNESS; HOPELESSNESS; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD DISORDER; NEUROIMAGING; PATIENT COUNSELING; PSYCHOANALYSIS; PSYCHODYNAMICS; PSYCHOTRAUMA; REVIEW; SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; BEREAVEMENT; BRAIN; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; EPIGENESIS, GENETIC; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING; HIERARCHY, SOCIAL; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONS; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY; PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY; PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC PROCESSES; RATS; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 84874782751     PISSN: 00332747     EISSN: 1943281X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/psyc.2013.76.1.68     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Abass, A. (2006). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: A pilot study. Depression and Anxiety, 23, 449-452.
2. Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
3. Artero, S., Touchon, J., Dupuy, A. M., Malafosse, A., & Richie, K. (2011). War exposure, 50-HTTLPR genotype and lifetime risk of depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 199, 43-48.
4. Belsky, J., Jonassaint, C., Pluess, M., et al. (2009). Vulnerability genes or plasticity genes? Molecular Psychiatry, 14(8), 746-754.
5. Belsky, J., Houts, R., & Feron, P. (2010). Infant attachment security and the timing of puberty: Testing an evolutionary hypothesis. Psychological Science, 21(9), 1195-1201.
6. Bibring, E. (1953). The mechanism of depression. In P. Greenacre (Ed.), Affective disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
7. Blatt, S. (2008). Polarities of experience: Relatedness and self-definition in personality development, psychopathology and the therapeutic process. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
8. Boehm, C. (2009). Hierarchy in the forest. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
9. Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss: Sadness and depression. London: Hogarth.
10. Brody, A. L., et al. (2001). Brain metabolic changes associated with symptom factor improvement in major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 171-178.
11. Brown, G., & Harris, T. (1978). The social origins of depression. London: Tavistock.
12. Carhart-Harris, R., Mayberg, H., Malizia, A., & Nutt, R. (2008). Mourning and melancholia revisited: Correspondences between principles of Freudian metapsychology and empirical findings of neuropsychiatry. Annals of General Psychiatry, 7, 9-42.
13. Caspi, A., Moffitt, T., Taylor, A., Craig, I., & Harrison, H., et al. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301, 386-389.
14. Champagne, F. (2010). Early adversity and developmental outcomes: Interactions between genetics, epigenetics and social experiences across the lifespan. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 564-574.
15. Dozier, M., Stovall-McClough, C., & Albus, K. (2008). Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood. In J. Cassidy and P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment, 2nd ed. (pp. 718-744). New York: Guilford.
16. Erickson, E. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Basic Books.
17. Fonagy, P. (1998). Moments of change in psychoanalytic theory: Discussion of a new theory of psychic change. Infant Mental Health Journal, 19(3), 346-353.
18. Freud, S. (1893-1895). Studies in hysteria. Standard edition 2, 1-326.
19. Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia. Standard edition, 14, 243-258.
20. Gilbert, P. (2006). Evolution and depression: Issues and implications. Psychological Medicine, 36(3), 287-297.
21. Goldberg, D. (2009). The interplay between biological and psychological factors in determining vulnerability to mental disorders. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 24, 236-247.
22. Holmes, J. (2001). The search for the secure base. London: Routledge.
23. Holmes, J. (2010). Exploring in security: Towards an attachment-informed psychoanalytic psychotherapy. London: Routledge.
24. Holmes, J. (2011). Superego: An attachment perspective. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 92, 1221-1240.
25. James, O. (2007). Affluenza. London: Vermillion.
26. Karg, K., Burmeister, M., Shedden, K., & Srijan, S. (2011). The serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR), stress, and depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 444-454.
27. Klein, M. (1940). Mourning and its relation to manic-depressive states. Inernational Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 21, 125-153.
28. Kneckt, P., Lindfors, O., Harkanen, T., Valikoski, M., et al. (2008). Randomized trial on the effectiveness of long-term and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy on psychiatric symptoms during a 3-yearfollow-up. Psychological Medicine, 38, 689-703.
29. Kuyken, W., et al. (2010). How does mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy work? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 1105-1112.
30. Lear, J. (2003). Therapeutic action: An earnest plea for irony. London: Karnac.
31. Lederer, J. (2009). Family action Newpin: Perinatal support project. London: Family Action.
32. LeDoux, J. (1994). Emotion, memory and the brain. Scientific American, 270, 32-39.
33. Leichsenring, F., & Rabung, S. (2011). Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in complex mental disorders: Update of a meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 199, 15-22.
34. Lemma, A., Target, M., & Fonagy, P. (2010). The development of a brief psychodynamic protocol for depression: Dynamic interpersonal therapy. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 24, 329-346.
35. Luyten, P., & Blatt, S. (2011). Psychodynamic approaches to depression: Whither shall we go? Psychiatry, 74, 1-3.
36. Mayberg, H. (2009). Targeted electrode-based modulation of neural circuits in depression. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 119, 717-725.
37. Mayberg, H. S., et al. (2000). Regional metabolic effects of fluoxetine in major depression: Serial changes and relationship to clinical response. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 830-843.
38. McCullough, L., Kuhn, N., Andrews, S., Kaplan, A., Wolf, J. & Hurley, C. L. (2003). Treating affect phobia: A manual for short-term dynamic psychotherapy. New York: Guilford.
39. McGowan, P. O., Sasaki, A., D'Alessio, A. C., Dymov, S., Labonte, B., Szyf, M., et al. (2009). Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 342-348.
40. McMahon, C., Barnett, B., Kowalenko, N., & Tennant, C. (2006). Maternal state of mind moderates the impact of postnatal depression on infant attachment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 660-669.
41. Meares, R. (2005). The metaphor of play (3rd ed). London: Routledge.
42. Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. (2008). Attachment in adults. New York: Guilford.
43. Murray, L. (2009). The development of children of postnatally depressed mothers: Evidence from the Cambridge longitudinal study. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 23, 185-199.
44. Neese, R. (2005). Is depression an adaptation? Archives of General Psychology, 57, 14-20.
45. NICE (2005). Depression: Management of depression in primary and secondary care. National Clinical Practice Guideline No. 23. http://guidance. nice.org.uk/CG23 (accessed 3/18/11).
46. Northoff, G. (2011). Neuropsychoanalysis in practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
47. Oberlander, T. F., Weinberg, J., Papsdorf, M., Grunau, R., Misri, S., & Devlin, A. M. (2008). Prenatal exposure to maternal depression, neonatal methylation of human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and infant cortisol stress responses. Epigenetics, 3, 97-106.
48. Osuch, E. A., et al. (2000). Regional cerebral metabolism associated with anxiety symptoms in affective disorder patients. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 1020-1023.
49. Panksepp, J., & Watt, D. (2011). Why does depression hurt? Psychiatry, 74, 5-13.
50. Parker, G. (1979). Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 138-147.
51. Paykel, E., & Herbert, K. (1989). Depression: An integrated approach. London: Butterworth.
52. Pickett, K., & Wilkinson, R. (2010). Inequality: An underacknowledged source of mental illness and distress. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197, 426-429.
53. Polan, H., & Hofer, M. (2008). Psychological origins of infant attachment and its role in development. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment, 2nd ed. (pp. 158-172). New York: Guilford.
54. Renn, P. (2011). Memory, trauma, and psychoanalysis: The implications for implicit memory for therapeutic action in contemporary psychoanalysis. Submitted.
55. Schore, A. (2003). Affect regulation and the repair of the self. New York: Norton.
56. Schore, A. (2010). http://simplycharly.com/freud/ allan_schore_freud_interview.htm
57. Seligman, M. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development and death. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
58. Shedler, J. (2010). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 65, 98-109.
59. Simpson, J., & Belsky, J. (2008). Attachment theory within a modern evolutionary framework. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment, 2nd ed. (pp. 131-157). New York: Guilford.
60. Solms, M., & Turnball, O. (2002). The brain and the inner world. New York: Other Press.
61. Steele, H., & Siefer, L. (2010). An attachment perspective on borderline personality disorder: Advances in gene-environment considerations. Current Psychiatry Reports, 12, 61-67.
62. Wang, L., et al. (2008). Prefrontal mechanisms for executive control over emotional distraction are altered in major depression. Psychiatry Research, 163,143-155.
63. Watson, P., & Andrews, P. (2002). Towards a revised evolutionary adaptationist analysis of depression: The social navigation hypothesis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 72, 1-14.
64. Weaver, I. C., Champagne, F. A., Brown, S. E., Dymov, S., Sharma, S., Meaney, M. J., et al. (2005). Reversal of maternal programming of stress responses in adult offspring through methyl supplementation: Altering epigenetic marking later in life. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 11045-11054.
65. Winnicott, D. (1965). The maturational processes and the facilitating environment. London: Hogarth.
66. Zobel, I., Kech, D., van Calker, D., Dykierek, P., Berger, M., Schneibel, R., & Schramm, E. (2011). Long-term effects of combined interpersonal therapy and pharmacotherapy in a randomized trial of depressed patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 123(4), 276-282.