Postpartum management of hypertension

BMJ (Online)

Volumn 346, Issue 7897, 2013, Pages

  Bramham, Kate ^a   Nelson Piercy, Catherine ^b   Brown, Morris J ^c   Chappell, Lucy C ^d  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b GUY'S AND ST THOMAS' NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^d ST THOMAS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ENALAPRIL; EPHEDRINE; ERGOMETRINE; LABETALOL; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; NIFEDIPINE;

ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE DURATION; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG SAFETY; ECLAMPSIA; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; HEALTH HAZARD; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; KIDNEY DISEASE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; MATERNAL CARE; MATERNAL HYPERTENSION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERINATAL PERIOD; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEINURIA; PUERPERIUM; RECURRENCE RISK; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVERSIBLE CEREBRAL VASOCONSTRICTION SYNDROME; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SPHYGMOMANOMETRY; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; VASODILATATION;

ALGORITHMS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BREAST FEEDING; CHRONIC DISEASE; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTENSION, PREGNANCY-INDUCED; PREGNANCY; PUERPERAL DISORDERS; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION;

EID: 84874631567     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17561833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f894     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:S1-22.
2. Poppas A, Shroff SG, Korcarz CE, Hibbard JU, Berger DS, Lindheimer MD, et al. Serial assessment of the cardiovascular system in normal pregnancy. Role of arterial compliance and pulsatile arterial load. Circulation 1997;95:2407-15.
3. Robson SC, Boys RJ, Hunter S, Dunlop W. Maternal hemodynamics after normal delivery and delivery complicated by postpartum hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol 1989;74:234-9.
4. Walters BN, Walters T. Hypertension in the puerperium. Lancet 1987;2:330. (Pubitemid 17104223)
5. Podymow T, August P. Postpartum course of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010;29:294-300.
6. Walters BN, Thompson ME, Lee A, de Swiet M. Blood pressure in the puerperium. Clin Sci (Lond) 1986;71:589-94.
7. Brown MA, Buddle ML, Farrell T, Davis G, Jones M. Randomised trial of management of hypertensive pregnancies by Korotkoff phase IV or phase V. Lancet 1998;352:777-81.
8. Shennan AH, De Greeff A. Measuring blood pressure in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. In: Lyall FBM, ed. Pre-eclampsia. Cambridge University Press, 2007:258.
9. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clinical management of primary hypertension in adults. CG 127. 2011. www.nice.org.uk/ CG127.
10. Chames MC, Livingston JC, Ivester TS, Barton JR, Sibai BM. Late postpartum eclampsia: a preventable disease? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:1174-7.
11. Knight M. Eclampsia in the United Kingdom 2005. BJOG 2007;114:1072-8.
12. Feehally JFJ, Johnson RJ, eds. Comprehensive clinical nephrology. 4th ed. Mosby Elsevier, 2010.
13. Bateman BT, Bansil P, Hernandez-Diaz S, Mhyre JM, Callaghan WM, Kuklina EV. Prevalence, trends, and outcomes of chronic hypertension: a nationwide sample of delivery admissions. Am J Obstetr Gynecol 2012;206:134.e1-8.
14. Jacobs AK, Eckel RH. Evaluating and managing cardiovascular disease in women: understanding a woman's heart. Circulation 2005;111:383-4.
15. Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Williams DJ. Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2007;335:974.
16. Makkonen N, Harju M, Kirkinen P. Postpartum recovery after severe pre-eclampsia and HELLP-syndrome. J Perinat Med 1996;24:641-9.
17. Stepan H, Nordmeyer AK, Faber R. Proteinuria in hypertensive pregnancy diseases is associated with a longer persistence of hypertension postpartum. J Hum Hypertens 2006;20:125-8.
18. Ferrazzani S, De Carolis S, Pomini F, Testa AC, Mastromarino C, Caruso A. The duration of hypertension in the puerperium of preeclamptic women: relationship with renal impairment and week of delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171:506-12.
19. Berks D, Steegers EA, Molas M, Visser W. Resolution of hypertension and proteinuria after preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2009;114:1307-14.
20. Suzuki H, Watanabe Y, Arima H, Kobayashi K, Ohno Y, Kanno Y. Short- and long-term prognosis of blood pressure and kidney disease in women with a past history of preeclampsia. Clin Exp Nephrol 2008;12:102-9.
21. Edlow AG, Srinivas SK, Elovitz MA. Second-trimester loss and subsequent pregnancy outcomes: what is the real risk? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:581.e1-6.
22. Sibai BM. Etiology and management of postpartum hypertension- preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;206:470-5.
23. Atterbury JL, Groome LJ, Hoff C. Blood pressure changes in normotensive women readmitted in the postpartum period with severe preeclampsia/eclampsia. J Matern Fetal Med 1996;5:201-5.
24. Clark SL, Belfort MA, Dildy GA, Englebright J, Meints L, Meyers JA, et al. Emergency department use during the postpartum period: implications for current management of the puerperium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;203:38.e1-6.
25. Matthys LA, Coppage KH, Lambers DS, Barton JR, Sibai BM. Delayed postpartum preeclampsia: an experience of 151 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:1464-6.
26. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Routine postnatal care of women and their babies. CG37. 2006. www.nice.org.uk/CG37.
27. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy: the management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. CG107. 2010. www.nice.org. uk/CG107.
28. Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries (CMACE). Saving mothers' lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006-08. The eighth report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. BJOG 2011;118(suppl 1):1-203.
29. Douglas KA, Redman CW. Eclampsia in the United Kingdom. BMJ 1994;309:1395-400.
30. Knight M. Eclampsia in the United Kingdom 2005. BJOG 2007;114:1072-8.
31. Tuffnell DJ, Jankowicz D, Lindow SW, Lyons G, Mason GC, Russell IF, et al. Outcomes of severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in Yorkshire 1999/2003. BJOG 2005;112:875-80.
32. Magee L, Sadeghi S. Prevention and treatment of postpartum hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;1:CD004351.
33. Makris A, Thornton C, Hennessy A. Postpartum hypertension and nonsteroidal analgesia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:577-8.
34. Johnson AG, Nguyen TV, Day RO. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect blood pressure? A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:289-300.
35. Harirforoosh S, Jamali F. Renal adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Expert Opin Drug Safe 2009;8:669-81.
36. Lanska DJ, Kryscio RJ. Risk factors for peripartum and postpartum stroke and intracranial venous thrombosis. Stroke 2000;31:1274-82.
37. Sibai BM, Coppage KH. Diagnosis and management of women with stroke during pregnancy/postpartum. Clin Perinatol 2004;31:853-68, viii.
38. Ducros A, Bousser MG. Thunderclap headache. BMJ 2012;346:e8557.
39. Sattar A, Manousakis G, Jensen MB. Systematic review of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010;8:1417-21.
40. Briggs G, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation. A reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk. 9th ed. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2011.
41. Schaefer CPP, Miller RK. Drugs during pregnancy and lactation. Academic Press, 2007.
42. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists: recommendations on use during breastfeeding. 2009.www.mhra. gov.uk/Publications/Safetyguidance/ DrugSafetyUpdate/CON046451.
43. Brown MJ. Renin: friend or foe? Heart 2007;93:1026-33.
44. Redman CW, Kelly JG, Cooper WD. The excretion of enalapril and enalaprilat in human breast milk. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990;38:99. (Pubitemid 20050823)
45. Choi M, Scholl UI, Yue P, Bjorklund P, Zhao B, Nelson-Williams C, et al. K+ channel mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas and hereditary hypertension. Science 2011;331:768-72.
46. Azizan EA, Lam BY, Newhouse SJ, Zhou J, Kuc RE, Clarke J, et al. Microarray, qPCR, and KCNJ5 sequencing of aldosterone-producing adenomas reveal differences in genotype and phenotype between zona glomerulosa- and zona fasciculata-like tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:E819-29.
47. Chua S, Redman CW. Prognosis for pre-eclampsia complicated by 5 g or more of proteinuria in 24 hours. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1992;43:9-12.
48. Durham JH, Desnick RJ, Imbriano L, Wasserstein M, D'Agati VD, Markowitz GS. Prolonged postpartum proteinuria after early preeclampsia. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:186-91.
49. Ihle BU, Long P, Oats J. Early onset pre-eclampsia: recognition of underlying renal disease. BMJ 1987;294:79-81.
50. Murakami S, Saitoh M, Kubo T, Koyama T, Kobayashi M. Renal disease in women with severe preeclampsia or gestational proteinuria. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:945-9.
51. Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, Manzi J, Kusek JW, Eggers P, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 2007;298:2038-47.
52. Piccoli GB, Attini R, Vasario E, Conijn A, Biolcati M, D'Amico F, et al. Pregnancy and chronic kidney disease: a challenge in all CKD stages. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010;5:844-55.
53. Ray JG, Vermeulen MJ, Schull MJ, Redelmeier DA. Cardiovascular health after maternal placental syndromes (CHAMPS): population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2005;366:1797-803.
54. Irgens HU, Reisaeter L, Irgens LM, Lie RT. Long term mortality of mothers and fathers after pre-eclampsia: population based cohort study. BMJ 2001;323:1213-7.
55. Smith GC, Pell JP, Walsh D. Pregnancy complications and maternal risk of ischaemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of 129,290 births. Lancet 2001;357:2002-6.
56. Sattar N, Ramsay J, Crawford L, Cheyne H, Greer IA. Classic and novel risk factor parameters in women with a history of preeclampsia. Hypertension 2003;42:39-42.
57. Wolf M, Hubel CA, Lam C, Sampson M, Ecker JL, Ness RB, et al. Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular disease: potential role of altered angiogenesis and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:6239-43.
58. Forest JC, Girouard J, Masse J, Moutquin JM, Kharfi A, Ness RB, et al. Early occurrence of metabolic syndrome after hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:1373-80.
59. Girouard J, Giguere Y, Moutquin JM, Forest JC. Previous hypertensive disease of pregnancy is associated with alterations of markers of insulin resistance. Hypertension 2007;49:1056-62.
60. Manten GT, Sikkema MJ, Voorbij HA, Visser GH, Bruinse HW, Franx A. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women with a history of pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. Hypertens Pregnancy 2007;26:39-50.
61. Portelinha A, Cerdeira AS, Belo L, Braga J, Tejera E, Pinto A, et al. Haemostatic factors in women with history of preeclampsia. Thromb Res 2009;124:52-6.
62. Spaan JJ, Sep SJ, van Balen VL, Spaanderman ME, Peeters LL. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for hypertension after preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:311-7.
63. Lu J, Zhao YY, Qiao J, Zhang HJ, Ge L, Wei Y. A follow-up study of women with a history of severe preeclampsia: relationship between metabolic syndrome and preeclampsia. Chin Med J 2011;124:775-9.
64. Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, Larson MG, Massaro JM, Vasan RS. Predicting the 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease: the framingham heart study. Circulation 2009;119:3078-84.
65. Hermes W, Franx A, van Pampus MG, Bloemenkamp KW, van der Post JA, Porath M, et al. 10-year cardiovascular event risks for women who experienced hypertensive disorders in late pregnancy: the HyRAS study. BMC Pregn Childbirth 2010;10:28.