Co-occurring presenting problems in African American college clients reporting racial discrimination distress

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 199-207

  Chao, Ruth Chu Lien ^a   Mallinckrodt, Brent ^b   Wei, Meifen ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DENVER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^c Department of Statistics Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence Iowa State University 2438 Osborn Dr Ames   (United States)

Author keywords

African Americans; Distress; Minority stress; Racial discrimination; University counseling center clients

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874575921     PISSN: 07357028     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0027861     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Anglin, D. M., & Wade, J. C. (2007). Racial socialization, racial identity, and Black students' adjustment to college. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13, 207-215. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.3.207
2. Banks, K. H., & Kohn-Wood, L. P. (2007). The influence of racial identity profiles on the relationship between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms. Journal of Black Psychology, 33, 331-354. doi:10.1177/ 0095798407302540
3. Brown, L. (2008). Cultural competence in trauma therapy: Beyond the flashback. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/11752-000
4. Bryant-Davis, T. (2005). Thriving in the wake of trauma: A multicultural guide. Westport, CT: Praeger.
5. Bynum, M. S., Burton, E. T., & Best, C. (2007). Racism experiences and psychological functioning in African American college freshmen: Is racial socialization a buffer? Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13, 64-71. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.1.64
6. Carter, J. H. (1994). Racism's impact on mental health. Journal of the National Medical Association, 86, 543-547.
7. Carter, R. T. (2007). Racism and psychological and emotional injury: Recognizing and assessing race-based traumatic stress. Counseling Psychologist, 35, 13-105. doi:10.1177/0011000006292033
8. Clark, R., Anderson, N., Clark, V., & Williams, D. (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model. American Psychologist, 54, 805-816. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.10.805
9. Constantine, M. G., & Sue, D. W. (Eds.) (2006). Addressing racism: Facilitating cultural competence in mental health and educational settings. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
10. Dass-Brailsford, P. (2007). A practical approach to trauma: Empowering interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
11. Draper, M. R., Jennings, J., & Baron, A. (2003). Factor analysis and concurrent validity of a university counseling center presenting problem checklist. Retrieved from University of Texas at Austin, Counseling and Mental Health Center Web site: http://www.utexas.edu/student/cmhc/ research/rescon.html
12. Greer, T. M., & Chwalisz, K. (2007). Minority-related stressors and coping processes among African American college students. Journal of College Student Development, 48, 388-404. doi:10.1353/csd.2007.0037
13. Grissom, R. J., & Kim, J. J. (2005). Effect sizes for research: A broad practical approach. New York, NY: Erlbaum.
14. Johnson, C. V., & Hayes, J. A. (2003). Troubled spirits: Prevalence and predictors of religious and spiritual concerns among university students and counseling center clients. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 409-419. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.4.409
15. Landrine, H., & Klonoff, E. A. (1997). Discrimination against women: Prevalence, consequences, remedies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
16. Lucas, M. S., & Berkel, L. A. (2005). Counseling needs of students who seek help at a university counseling center: A closer look at gender and multicultural issues. Journal of College Student Development, 46, 251- 266. doi:10.1353/csd.2005.0029
17. Office of Population Research. (2008). National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen (NLSF). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
18. Park, C. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 257-301. doi:10.1037/a0018301
19. Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 532-554. doi:10.1037/a0016059
20. Pieterse, A. L., & Carter, R. T. (2007). An examination of the relationship between general life stress, racism-related stress, and psychological health among Black men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 101- 109. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.101
21. Pieterse, A. L., Carter, R. T., Evans, S. E., & Walter, R. A. (2010). An exploratory examination of the relationship between racial/ethnic dis- crimination, racial climate, and trauma-related symptoms in a college student population. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57, 255-263. doi:10.1037/a0020040
22. Pieterse, A. L., Todd, N. R., Neville, H. A., & Carter, R. T. (2011, November 7). Perceived racism and mental health among Black Amer- ican adults: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Counseling Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0026208
23. Rabbee, N., Coull, B. A., Mehta, C., Patel, N., & Senchaudhuri, P. (2003). Power and sample size for ordered categorical data. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 12, 73-84. doi:10.1191/0962280203sm317ra
24. Ridley, C. R. (2005). Overcoming unintentional racism in counseling and therapy: A practitioner's guide to intentional intervention (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
25. Smedley, B. D., Myers, H. F., & Harrell, S. P. (1993). Minority-status stresses and the college adjustment of ethnic minority freshmen. Journal of Higher Education, 64, 434-452. doi:10.2307/2960051
26. Stevenson, H. C., & Arrington, E. G. (2009). Racial/ethnic socialization mediates perceived racism and the racial identity of African American adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 15, 125-136. doi:10.1037/a0015500
27. Swim, J. K., Hyers, L. L., Cohen, L. L., Fitzgerald, D. C., & Bylsma, W. H. (2003). African American college students' experiences with everyday racism: Characteristics of and responses to these incidents. Journal of Black Psychology, 29, 38-67. doi:10.1177/0095798402239228
28. Thompson, C. E., & Neville, H. A. (1999). Racism, mental health, and mental health practice. Counseling Psychologist, 27, 155-233. doi: 10.1177/0011000099272001
29. Thompson, V. L. (2002). Racism: Perceptions of distress among African Americans. Community Mental Health Journal, 38, 111-118. doi: 10.1023/A:1014539003562
30. Utsey, S. O. (1998). Assessing the stressful effects of racism: A review of instrumentation. Journal of Black Psychology, 24, 269-288. doi: 10.1177/00957984980243001
31. Utsey, S. O., Bolden, M. A., Lanier, Y., & Williams, O. III. (2007). Examining the role of culture-specific coping as a predictor of resilient outcomes in African Americans from high-risk urban communities. Journal of Black Psychology, 33, 75-93. doi:10.1177/ 0095798406295094
32. Wei, M., Liao, K. Y.-H., Chao, R. C., Mallinckrodt, B., Tsai, P.-C., & Botello-Zamarron, R. (2010). Minority stress, perceived bicultural com- petence and depressive symptoms among ethnic minority college stu- dents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57, 411-422. doi:10.1037/ a0020790
33. West, L. M., Donovan, R. A., & Roemer, L. (2010). Coping with racism: What works and doesn't work for Black women? Journal of Black Psychology, 36, 331-349. doi:10.1177/0095798409353755
34. Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2003). Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 200-208. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.200