Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis - What does it really mean?

Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 52-59

  Rawstron, Andy C ^a  

^a LEEDS TEACHING HOSPITALS NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

CLL; Infection; MBL; Survival

Indexed keywords

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CELL POPULATION; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; DISEASE COURSE; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; INFECTION SENSITIVITY; LYMPHOCYTE; MONOCLONAL B CELL LYMPHOCYTOSIS; OVERALL SURVIVAL; TIME TO TREATMENT; TRISOMY 12;

B-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMANS; LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOCYTIC, CHRONIC, B-CELL; LYMPHOCYTOSIS;

EID: 84874260154     PISSN: 15588211     EISSN: 1558822X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11899-012-0144-z     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Han T, et al. Benign monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis - a benign variant of CLL: clinical, immunologic, phenotypic, and cytogenetic studies in 20 patients. Blood. 1984;64:244-52.
2. Mandelli F, et al. Prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective multicentric study from the GIMEMA group. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5:398-406.
3. Kimby E, Mellstedt H, Björkholm M, Holm G. Clonal cell surface structures related to differentiation, activation and homing in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monoclonal lymphocytosis of undetermined significance. Eur J Haematol. 1989;43:452-9.
4. Montserrat E, Viñolas N, Reverter JC, Rozman C. Natural history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: on the progression and progression and prognosis of early clinical stages. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol. 1988;30:359-61.
5. Natural history of stage A chronic lymphocytic leukaemia untreated patients. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 1990;76:45-57.
6. Rawstron AC, et al. Monoclonal B lymphocytes with the characteristics of 'indolent' chronic lymphocytic leukemia are present in 3.5% of adults with normal blood counts. Blood. 2002;100:635-9.
7. Ghia P, et al. Monoclonal CD5+ and CD5- B lymphocyte expansions are frequent in the peripheral blood of the elderly. Blood. 2004;103:2337-42.
8. Marti GE, et al. Diagnostic criteria for monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2005;130:325-32.
9. Hallek M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia updating the National Cancer Institute-Working Group 1996 guidelines. Blood. 2008;111:5446-56.
10. Swerdlow SH, et al. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. WHO Press; 2008.
11. Shanafelt TD, et al. MBL or CLL: which classification best categorizes the clinical course of patients with an absolute lymphocyte count > or = 5 × 10(9) L(-1) but a B cell lymphocyte count <5 × 10(9) L(-1)? Leuk Res. 2008;32:1458-61.
12. Cheson BD, et al. National Cancer Institute-sponsored Working Group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Blood. 1996;87:4990-7.
13. Landgren O, et al. B cell clones as early markers for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:659-67.
14. Rawstron AC, et al. Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:575-83.
15. Dagklis A, et al. The immunoglobulin gene repertoire of low-count chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-like monoclonal B lymphocytosis is different from CLL: diagnostic implications for clinical monitoring. Blood. 2009;114:26-32.
16. Nieto WG, et al. Increased frequency (12 %) of circulating chronic lymphocytic leukemia-like B cell clones in healthy subjects using a highly sensitive multicolor flow cytometry approach. Blood. 2009;114:33-7.
17. Jones G, Parry-Jones N, Wilkins B, Else M, Catovsky D. Revised guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hairy cell leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia variant*. Br J Haematol. 2012;156:186-95.
18. Mulligan CS, Thomas ME, Mulligan SP. Monoclonal B lymphocytosis: demographics, nature and subclassification in 414 community patients. Leuk Lymphoma. 2011. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2011.598250.
19. van Oers MHJ, et al. BCL-2/IgH polymerase chain reaction status at the end of induction treatment is not predictive for progression-free survival in relapsed/resistant follicular lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized EORTC 20981 phase III intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:2246-52.
20. Shanafelt TD, Ghia P, Lanasa MC, Landgren O, Rawstron AC. Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL): biology, natural history and clinical management. Leukemia. 2010;24:512-20.
21. Fazi C, et al. General population low-count CLL-like MBL persists over time without clinical progression, although carrying the same cytogenetic abnormalities of CLL. Blood. 2011;118:6618-25.
22. Lanasa MC, et al. Single-cell analysis reveals oligoclonality among /'low-count/' monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis. Leukemia. 2009;24:133-40.
23. Rawstron AC, et al. Different biology and clinical outcome according to the absolute numbers of clonal B cells in monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL). Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2010;78 Suppl 1:S19-23.
24. Shanafelt TD, et al. Brief report: natural history of individuals with clinically recognized monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis compared with patients with Rai 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:3959-63.
25. Rossi D, et al. The prognosis of clinical monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis differs from prognosis of Rai 0 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and is recapitulated by biological risk factors. Br J Haematol. 2009;146:64-75.
26. Kern W, et al. Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis is closely related to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and may be better classified as early-stage CLL. Br J Haematol. 2012. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.09010.x.
27. Molica S, et al. Differentiating chronic lymphocytic leukemia from monoclonal B lymphocytosis according to clinical outcome: on behalf of the GIMEMA chronic lymphoproliferative diseases working group. Haematologica. 2011;96:277-83.
28. HMRN - Incidence. at http://www.hmrn.org/Statistics/Incidence.aspx.
29. Mulligan CS, Thomas ME, Mulligan SP. Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2065-6. author reply 2066.
30. Shanafelt TD, et al. B cell count and survival: differentiating chronic lymphocytic leukemia from monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis based on clinical outcome. Blood. 2009;113:4188-96.
31. Rawstron AC, et al. Inherited predisposition to CLL is detectable as subclinical monoclonal B lymphocyte expansion. Blood. 2002;100:2289-90.
32. Goldin LR, et al. Common occurrence of monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis among members of high-risk CLL families. Br J Haematol. 2010;151:152-8.
33. Abbasi F, et al. B cell repertoire and clonal analysis in unaffected first degree relatives in familial chronic lymphocytic leukaemia kindred. Br J Haematol. 2007;139:820-3.
34. Bennett FL, Dalal S, Jack AS, Hillmen P, Rawstron AC. Five-year follow-up of monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) in individuals with a normal blood count: expansion of the abnormal B cell compartment but no progressive disease. Blood. 2009;114:30-0.
35. Abrisqueta P, et al. Improving survival in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1980-2008): the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona experience. Blood. 2009;114:2044-50.
36. Shanafelt TD, et al. Survival of patients with clinically identified monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) relative to the age- and sex-matched general population. Leukemia: Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K (2011). doi: 10.1038/leu.2011.211.
37. Morrison VA. Infectious complications in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: pathogenesis, spectrum of infection, and approaches to prophylaxis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2009;9:365-70.
38. Moreira J, et al. Infectious complications among individuals with clinical monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL): a cohort study of newly diagnosed cases compared to controls. Leukemia. 2012. doi: 10.1038/leu.2012.187.
39. Hauswirth AW, et al. Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) with normal lymphocyte counts is associated with decreased numbers of normal circulating B cell subsets. Am J Hematol. 2012;87:721-4.
40. Pavletic SZ, et al. Genetically identical twin transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2007;21:2452-5.
41. Perz JB, et al. Occurrence of donor-derived CLL 8 years after sibling donor SCT for CML. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008;42:687-8.
42. Nahi H, Jansson M, Sander B, Ljungman P, Hägglund H. Transmission of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia from a blood stem cell sibling donor to the recipient. Br J Haematol. 2008;143:751-3.
43. Flandrin-Gresta P, et al. Transmission of leukemic donor cells by allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a context of familial CLL: should we screen donors for MBL? Blood. 2010;116:5077-8.
44. Herishanu Y, et al. Unexpected detection of monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis in a HLA-matched sibling donor on the day of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: clinical outcome. Br J Haematol. 2010;149:905-7.
45. Ferrand C, et al. Systematic donor blood qualification by flow cytometry would have been able to avoid CLL-type MBL transmission after unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Haematol. 2012;88:269-72.
46. Del Giudice I, et al. Identification of monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis among sibling transplant donors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Blood. 2009;114:2848-9.
47. Hertenstein B, et al. Development of leukemia in donor cells after allogeneic stem cell transplantation-a survey of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Haematologica. 2005;90:969-75.
48. Hardy NM, et al. Bioethical considerations of monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis: donor transfer after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol. 2007;139:824-31.
49. Shanafelt TD, et al. Hematologist/oncologist disease-specific expertise and survival: lessons from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Cancer. 2012;118:1827-37.
50. te Raa GD, van Oers MH, Kater AP. Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis: recommendations from the Dutch Working Group on CLL for daily practice. Neth J Med. 2012;70:236-41.
51. Rawstron AC, et al. Outreach monitoring service for patients with indolent B cell and plasma cell disorders: a UK experience. Br J Haematol. 2007;139:845-8.
52. Gibson SE, et al. Reassessment of small lymphocytic lymphoma in the era of monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis. Haematologica. 2011;96:1144-52.